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World of Athletics
- 3. -exercises, sports, or games engaged in by athletes or the practice or principles of athletic activities. ATHLETICS
- 4. THE COMMON TYPES OF ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS
- 6. ROAD RUNNING
- 8. RACEWALKING
- 9. Track and field is a sport comprising various competitive athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing. The name of the sport derives from the competition venue: a stadium with an oval running track around a grass field. The throwing and jumping events generally take place in the central enclosed area. MEASURES OF A TRACK
- 10. Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and cross country running). These events would be classified as long distance according to athletics terminology, with distances typically ranging from 5 kilometers to 42.2 kilometers in the marathon. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants. Road running is part of a group of road events known as "road races".
- 11. Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain. The course, typically 4–12 kilometers (2.5–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and a points-scoring method for teams. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.
- 12. Racewalking, or race walking, is a long-distance athletic event. Although it is a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, racewalkers must attain cadence rates comparable to those achieved by Olympic 800- meter runners and they must do so for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km (12.4 mi) race walk (men and women) and 50 km (31 mi) race walk (men only), and 50 mile (80.5 km) events are also held.
- 14. Timing Devices A fully automatic timing system or electric or digital stopwatches are recommended. When Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) is used, times will be recorded in one one-hundredth (1/100) of a second. Most manual timing devices are equipped with a button for start, a button for stop and a reset button. All manual times will be recorded in one-tenth (1/10) of a second.
- 15. Starting Pistol A starting pistol should be used during training sessions. Special Olympics athletes should be exposed to the gun prior to participating in a competitive event. Suitable replacements for the gun are a bell (mandatory in an indoor track), whistle, clapping 2 pieces of wood together or verbal start.
- 16. Starting Blocks The use of starting blocks is optional. Starting blocks should be anchored behind the starting line so that when in the start position, the athlete's hands are set just behind the starting line. The blocks must be adjustable to allow the athlete to attain the most beneficial starting position.
- 17. Hurdles Hurdles that suit the ability of the athletes should be used. Competitive hurdles shouldn't b e used until athletes have learned the basis of hurdling technique over practice hurdles. Practice hurdles can be collapsible or designed to fall over easily. Practice hurdles come in many forms — from a light stick balanced on traffic cones to specifically designed beginner/practice hurdles.
- 18. Relay Baton One relay baton is needed for each participating relay team. Batons measuring 10cm in circumference are made of anodized aluminum or lightweight unbreakable plastic. For practice, the following materials cut into 30cm lengths and having smooth edges can be utilized: dowels, old broom handles or PVC pipe.
- 19. Shot Puts Outdoor shots, made of iron, and indoor shots, covered with hard plastic, are acceptable for use in SSOO, and either type may be used in competition as long as the following minimum weight requirements are followed:Men:4 kg. Women:2.72 kg
- 20. Softballs Official size (30cm) and weight (blue dot, traditional flight) softballs are recommended. Usually a dozen softballs are adequate for a training session. Tennis balls can be substituted for use by lower functioning and multi-handicapped athletes.
- 22. 100m run WR Men 9.58 10.44 Usain Bolt JAM Aug 16, 2009 Berlin, Germany OR Men 9.69 10.32 Usain Bolt JAM Aug 16, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 10.49 9.53 Florence Griffith Joyner USA Jul 16, 1988 Indianapolis, USA OR Women 10.62 9.42 Florence Griffith Joyner USA Sep 24, 1988 Seul, Korea
- 23. 200m WR Men 19.19 10.42 Usain Bolt USA Aug 20, 2009 Berlin, Germany OR Men 19.30 10.36 Usain Bolt JAM Aug 20, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 21.34 9.37 Florence Griffith Joyner USA Sep 29, 1988 Seul, Korea OR Women 21.34 9.37 Florence Griffith Joyner USA Sep 29, 1988 Seul, Korea
- 24. 400m run WR Men 43.18 9.26 Michael Johnson USA Aug 26, 1999 Seville, Spain OR Men 43.49 9.20 Michael Johnson USA Jul 29, 1996 Atlanta, GA, USA WR Women 47.60 8.40 Marita Koch GDR Oct 06, 1985 Canberra, Australia OR Women 48.25 8.29 Marie José Pérec FRA Jul 29, 1996 Atlanta, GA, USA
- 25. 800m run WR Men 1:41.01 7.92 David Rudisha KEN Aug 29, 2010 Rieti, Italy OR Men 1:42.58 7.80 Vebjørn Rodal NOR Jul 31, 1996 Atlanta, GA, USA WR Women 1:53.28 7.06 Jarmila Kratochvílov á CSK Jul 26, 1983 Monachium, Germany OR Women 1:53.43 7.05 Nadezhda Olizarenko URS Jul 27, 1980 Moscow, USSR
- 26. 1500m run WR Men 3:26.00 7.28 Hicham El Guerrouj MAR Sep 05, 1998 Rome, Italy OR Men 3:32.07 7.07 Noah Ngeny KEN Sep 29, 2000 Sydney, Australia WR Women 3:50.46 6.51 Qu Yunxia CHN Sep 11, 1993 Beijing, China OR Women 3:53.96 6.41 Paula Ivan ROM Sep 26, 1988 Seoul, Korea
- 27. 5000m run WR Men 12:37.35 6.60 Kenenisa Bekele ETH May 31, 2004 Hangelo, Holand OR Men 12:57.82 6.43 Kenenisa Bekele ETH Aug 23, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 14:11.15 5.87 Tirunesh Dibaba ETH Jun 06, 2008 Oslo, Norway OR Women 14:40.79 5.68 Gabriela Szabo ROM Sep 25, 2000 Sydney, Australia
- 28. 10000m run WR Men 26:17.53 6.34 Kenenisa Bekele ETH Aug 26, 2005 Brussels, Belgium OR Men 27:01.17 6.17 Kenenisa Bekele ETH Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 29:31.78 5.64 Wang Junxia CHN Sep 08, 1993 Beijing, China OR Women 29:54.66 5.57 Tirunesh Dibaba ETH Aug 15, 2008 Beijing, China
- 29. Marathon (42195m) WR Men 2:03:38 5.69 Patrick Makau Musyoki KEN Sep 25, 2011 Berlin, Germany OR Men 2:06:32 5.56 Samuel Wanjiru KEN Aug 24, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 2:15:25 5.19 Paula Radcliffe UK Apr 13, 2005 London, UK OR Women 2:23:14 4.91 Naoko Takahashi JPN Sep 24, 2000 Sydney, Australia
- 30. 100m Hurdles WR Men - - - - - - OR Men - - - - - - WR Women 12.21 8.19 Jordanka Donkova BUL Aug 20, 1988 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria OR Women 12.37 8.08 Joanna Hayes USA Aug 24, 2004 Athens, Greece
- 31. 110m Hurdles WR Men 12.87 8.55 Dayron Robles CUB Jun 12, 2008 Ostrava, Czech Rep OR Men 12.91 8.52 Xiang Liu CHN Aug 27, 2004 Athens, Greece WR Women - - - - - OR Women - - - - - -
- 32. 400m Hurdles WR Men 46.78 8.55 Kevin Young USA Aug 06, 1992 Barcelona, Spain OR Men 46.78 8.55 Kevin Young USA Aug 06, 1992 Barcelona, Spain WR Women 52.34 7.64 Yuliya Pechonkina RUS Aug 08, 2003 Tula, Russia OR Women 52.64 7.60 Melaine Walker JAM Aug 20, 2008 Beijing, China
- 33. 3000m Steeplechase WR Men 7:53.63 6.33 Saif Saaeed Shaheen QUA Sep 03, 2004 Brussels, Belgium OR Men 8:05.51 6.18 Julius Kariuki KEN Sep 30, 1988 Seoul, Korea WR Women 8:58.81 5.57 Gulnara Samitova- galkina RUS Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China OR Women 8:58.81 5.57 Gulnara Samitova- galkina RUS Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China
- 34. 4x100m Relay WR Men 37.04 10.80 Nesta Carter Michael Frater Yohan Blake Usain Bolt JAM Sep 04, 2011 Taegu, Korea OR Men 37.10 10.78 Nesta Carter Michael Frater Usain Bolt Asafa Powell JAM Aug 22, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 41.37 9.67 Silke Gladisch Sabine Rieger Ingrid Auerswald Marlies Göhr GDR Oct 06, 1985 Canberra, Australia OR Women 41.60 9.62 Romy Müller Bärbel Wöckel Ingrid Auerswald Marlies Göhr GDR Aug 01, 1980 Moscow, USSR
- 35. 4x400m Relay WR Men 2:54.29 9.18 Andrew Valmon Quincy Watts Butch Reynolds Michael Johnson USA Aug 22, 1993 Stuttgart, Germany OR Men 2:55.39 9.12 Lashawn Merritt Angelo Taylor David Neville Jeremy Wariner USA Aug 23, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 3:15.17 8.20 Tatyana Ledovskaya Olga Nazarova Mariya Pinigina Olga Bryzgina URS Oct 01, 1988 Seul, Korea OR Women 3:15.17 8.20 Tatyana Ledovskaya Olga Nazarova Mariya Pinigina Olga Bryzgina URS Oct 01, 1988 Seul, Korea
- 36. 20km Walk WR Men 1:16:43 4.34 Sergey Morozov RUS Jun 08, 2008 Saransk, Russia OR Men 1:18:59 4.22 Robert Korzeniows ki POL Sep 22, 2000 Sydney, Australia WR Women 1:25:08 3.92 Vera Sokolova RUS Feb 26, 2011 Sochi, Russia OR Women 1:26:31 3.85 Olga Kaniskina RUS Aug 21, 2008 Beijing, China
- 37. 50km Walk WR Men 3:34:14 3.89 Denis Nizhegoro dov RUS May 11, 2008 Cheboksar y, Russia OR Men 3:37:09 3.84 Alex Schwazer ITA Aug 22, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women - - - - - OR Women - - - - - -
- 38. High Jump WR Men 2.45m - Javier Sotomayor CUB Jul 27, 1993 Salamanca, Spain OR Men 2.39m - Charles Austin USA Jul 28, 1996 Atlanta, GA, USA WR Women 2.09m - Stefka Kostadinova BUL Aug 30, 1987 Rome, Italy OR Women 2.06m - Yelena Slesarenko RUS Aug 28, 2004 Athens, Greece
- 39. Long Jump WR Men 8.95m - Mike Powell USA Aug 30, 1991 Tokyo, Japan OR Men 8.90m - Bob Beamon USA Oct 18, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico WR Women 7.52m - Galina Chistyakova URS Jun 11, 1988 Leningrad, USSR OR Women 7.40m - Jackie Joyner Kersee USA Sep 29, 1988 Seoul, Korea
- 40. Pole Vault WR Men 6.14m - Sergey Bubka UKR Jul 31, 1994 Sestriere, Italy OR Men 5.96m - Steven Hooker AUS Aug 22, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 5.06m - Yelena Isinbayeva RUS Aug 28, 2009 Zurich, Switzerland OR Women 5.05m - Yelena Isinbayeva RUS Aug 18, 2008 Beijing, China
- 41. Triple Jump WR Men 18.29m - Jonathan Edwards UK Aug 07, 1995 Göteborg, Sweden OR Men 18.09m - Kenny Harrison USA Jul 27, 1996 Atlanta, GA, USA WR Women 15.50m - Inessa Kravets UKR Aug 10, 1995 Göteborg, Sweden OR Women 15.39m - Françoise Mbango Etone CMR Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China
- 42. Shot Put WR Men 23.12m - Randy Barnes USA May 20, 1990 Westwood, USA OR Men 22.47m - Ulf Timmerman n GDR Sep 23, 1988 Seoul, Korea WR Women 22.63m - Natalya Lisovskaya URS Jun 07, 1987 Moscow, USSR OR Women 22.41m - Ilona Slupianek GDR Jul 24, 1980 Moscow, USSR
- 43. Discus Throw WR Men 74.08m - Jürgen Schult GDR Jun 06, 1986 Neubranden burg, Germany OR Men 69.89m - Virgilijus Alekna LTU Aug 23, 2004 Athens, Greece WR Women 76.80m - Gabriele Reinsch GDR Jul 09, 1988 Neubranden burg, Germany OR Women 72.30m - Martina Hellmann GDR Sep 29, 1988 Seul, Korea
- 44. Hammer Throw WR Men 86.74m - Jurij Siedych URS Aug 30, 1986 Stuttgart, Germany OR Men 84.80m - Sergey Litvinov URS Sep 26, 1988 Seoul, Korea WR Women 79.42m - Betty Heidler GDR May 21, 2011 Halle, Germany OR Women 76.34m - Aksana Miankova BLR Aug 20, 2008 Beijing, China
- 45. Javelin Throw WR Men 98.48m - Jan železný CZE May 25, 1996 Jena, Germany OR Men 90.57m - Andreas Thorkildsen NOR Aug 23, 2008 Beijing, China WR Women 72.28m - Barbora špotáková CZE Sep 13, 2008 Stuttgart, Germany OR Women 71.53m - Osleidys Menéndez CUB Aug 27, 2004 Athens, Greece
- 46. Decathlon (Men) Heptatlon (Women) WR Men 9039 - Ashton Eaton USA Jun 23, 2012 Eugene, US OR Men 8893 - Roman šebrle CZE Aug 24, 2004 Athens, Greece WR Women 7291 - Jackie Joyner Kersee USA Sep 24, 1988 Seoul, Korea OR Women 7291 - Jackie Joyner Kersee USA Sep 24, 1988 Seoul, Korea