The document discusses the standards D50 and D65 illuminants used for measuring and specifying properties of graphic papers and printers. It provides background on the definitions and purposes of D50 and D65, explaining that D50 is used for color management in printing while D65 or C may be used for evaluating unprinted paper visually. The document emphasizes that both illuminant standards are needed and calibration of printers and measurement equipment to these standards is a priority for accurate color communication between paper manufacturers and printers.

1. D 50 and D 65 why and when ?
Luc LAN
| 1 © The Paperdam Group Luc LANAT ERA EHS-Paper Munich
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2. Summary
What is Paperdam ?
Illuminants D50 and D65
Related equipments
Need of calibration
In practice, when to use what?
ISO 15397 as a reminder
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3. Paperdam Foundation contributors
2013
Contributors from 7 paper companies:
1. Hans-J. DRENK Norske Skog
2. Jouni MARTTILA SAPPI
3. Jozie DAHLMANS SAPPI
4. Peter PETERMANN Stora Enso
5. Carsten BOCKMANN UPM
6. Thomas HERBST Leipa
7. Joan FONT Lecta
8. Jan ANDERSSON Holmen
Stakeholders and Honorary :
1. Wilco de GROOT IGT, Convenor TC6-TC 130 JWG 39
2. Luc LANAT Convenor and Chairman of Paperdam Foundation, past ATIP President
Follow our work :
Daniel HAWKRIGG Iggesund (Holmen)
Frank WERTHSCHULTE Stora Enso
Wang Junjiang UPM China
Arjo-Wiggins, Clairefontaine, Emin-Leydier, Pap. Vosges, CTP Grenoble (thru ATIP)
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4. Paperdam Scope
The objects of the foundation Paperdam are to contribute to the role of paper as a product
within international standardisation in the graphic technology.
Paperdam acts as per ISO Global Relevance Policy. Paperdam can organize and sponsor
exhibitions, conferences, studies or other activities.
The following subjects shall not be discussed during any meetings or contacts on behalf of
Paperdam:
1. Sales and purchase prices, including price changes or pricing policy.
2. Discounts, rebates, allowances or other factors affecting sales or purchase prices.
3. The commercial terms or conditions of sale or purchase.
4. Production output, capacity, capacity utilization rates or changes in output, capacity or capacity utilization rates.
5. Individualized sales/order figures or customer lists.
6. Production, marketing, Research and development or other costs.
7. Investments, production, product development or marketing polices or plans.
8. Research and development plans or results.
9. Stock levels.
10. Allocation of customers.
11. Sales territories.
12. Market sharing.
13. Sharing of sources of supply.
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5. Optical standards paper and printers.
TC 6 standards series were developped to fulfill needs of
papermaking industry to supply the top white grades. To evaluate
and produce consistently these papers you need :
– illuminant D 65 with the daylight UV content.
– equipment d/0°.
Indoor viewing conditions refer to illuminant C.
TC 130 standards series is based on :
– printer illuminant D 50.
– equipment 45°/0° or 0°/45°.
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2,
2008
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6. Illuminants definitions
D 50 « indoor illumination »
– horizon light, warm daylight at sunrise or
sunset (5000°K)
D 65 « outdoor daylight »
– noon overcast daylight (6500°K)
C « indoor daylight »
– average or north sky daylight (6770°K)
D 75 overcast nordic daylight (7500°K)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
D65
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0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength, nm
Spectral Power
C
D50

7. Calculations
Paper
– Measure diffuse reflectance factor with equipments in
conformance with ISO 2469.
– Calculate ISO Brightness, D65 Brightness, CIE Whiteness
indoor, CIE Whiteness oudoor, CIELAB colour in D50/2°
observer or C/2° observer or D65/10° observer illumination
conditions with Xenon light source.
Printing
– Measure spectral reflectance factor in conformance with ISO
13655, which includes calculations of CIELAB in D50 with M0
(illuminant A), M1 (illuminant D50), M2 (illuminant D50 UVex) or
M3 (polarized) conditions with incandescent light source.
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11. Relative spectral power distribution of standard CIE illuminants versus
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
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wavelenth in nm (nanometers). Source CIE 15:2004.
0
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
705
720
735
750
765
780
Standard Illuminant A Standard Illuminant D65
Illuminant C Illuminant D50
Illuminant D55 Illuminant D75
Illuminant ID 65 CIE 184-2009
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12. Daylight D50 and Viewing Booths
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12
Coppel et al. 2006
D65
Fluorescent D50 tubes (5000 K) are quite far from “true” D50

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24. When to use what ?
Colour Management is a printing issue and is D50 world.
– Colour calculations and references should thus refer to it.
– Papermakers willing to fullfill ISO 15397 will provide CIELAB
coordinates in D50 to set up the white point of colour
management files.
Visual evaulation of paper depends of the environment.
– In office and houses, C illumination is closest.
– ISO Brightness or D65 Brightness, depending of paper markets
is quite suited to evaluate unprinted « white » paper.
– Whiteness is most complete concept to fine-tune ranking of
unprinted papers.
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25. Specifics for Gravure papers
Targets of bvdm are to-day a well accepted references for
catalogues, magazines, SC and LWC.
– These targets refer to CIELAB in D65. They are best suited to
evaluate a target and a paper specification.
– The acceptable deviation around these targets are quite
demanding and FAR BELOW usual deviations in printing
industry.
– Targets are targets and should not be used for:
– Colour management (because based on D50)
– Visual evaluation of blank paper because whiteness and/or
brightness is developed and meant for this concept.
bvdm Roto specification is excellent reference to develop colour
management profiles.
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26. INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO/FDIS
15397
Graphic Technology — Communication
of graphic paper properties
Technologie graphique — Communication des propriétés des
papiers graphiques
FINAL
DRAFT
ISO/TC 130
Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on:
2013-08-29
Voting terminates on:
2013-10-29
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28. ISO FDIS 15397 Intro for info
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29. FDIS 15397 Scope
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the list of paper substrate relevant properties to be communicated
between the paper and the printing industries.
This International Standard is applicable to papers intended to be printed in rotogravure, cold-set web offset,
heat-set web offset, sheet-fed offset, and flexographic printing processes and to proofing substrates.
Where multiple measures exist the preferred procedure and its International Standard is defined.
All measuring methods of properties specified in this International Standard are described in ISO Standards.
| 29 © The Paperdam Group Luc LANAT ERA EHS-Paper Munich 2013 10 24

30. 4 List of required criteria for communication of paper properties
For rotogravure, cold-set offset, heat-set web offset, sheet-fed offset, flexographic and proofing printing
substrates, the intended use or printing process shall be identified and the following properties shall be
communicated by the paper manufacturer, with target values.
a) Brand name and optionally paper mill (as per Clause 5.1)
b) Grammage (as per Clause 5.2)
c) Bulk and/or Thickness (as per Clause 5.3)
d) Roughness PPS (Parker-Print Surf) or Roughness Bendtsen or Smoothness Bekk (as per Clause 5.4)
For Rotogravure substrates, only Roughness PPS is meaningful, values being usually below 3. When
Roughness PPS values are above 3, the use of Roughness Bendtsen is recommended. When Roughness
Bendtsen is below 100, Smoothness Bekk may be used, in particular in smooth writing papers.
e) Gloss value and for proofing substrates characterization according to ISO 12647-7 (“glossy”, “semi-matte”
or “matte”) (as per Clause 5.5)
The gloss level and the equipment used will determine the International Standard to be used. The
International Standard shall therefore be cited when communicating gloss values.
NOTE 1 ISO 12647-7 characterizes proofing substrates measured according to ISO 8254-1 as “glossy” for values
larger or equal to 60, as “matte” for values smaller or equal to 20 and “semi matte” in between.
f) Opacity (as per Clause 5.6)
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31. g) Brightness and/or Whiteness for visual appearance evaluation of unprinted paper (as per Clause 5.7)
Whiteness is recommended, but Brightness will bring useful information. This choice will determine the
International Standard to be used. The International Standard used shall therefore be cited when
communicating Whiteness and Brightness values.
NOTE 2 Brightness and Whiteness standards are available either for C illuminant or D65 illuminant. The choice of the
illuminant depends of the end-user viewing conditions.
h) Colour coordinates L*, a*, b* with D50 illuminant and CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer [9] for
paper white point in printing conditions (as per Clause 5.8)
i) Colour coordinates L*, a*, b* with D65 illuminant and CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer for
unprinted paper in outdoor conditions (as per Clause 5.9)
j) Printing Characterization Data recommendations (as per Clause 5.10)
k) Fluorescence or fluorescence estimate in the context of prepress colour management deviations. (as per
Clause 5.11)
NOTE 3 To avoid distortions due to Fluorescence and for the purpose of proof to print match, proofing substrates and
production papers require to be visually evaluated and measured each with the same amount of UV-content of the D50
simulator according to both ISO 13655 and ISO 3664.
For proofing substrates, the following additional properties shall be communicated.
l) Storage conditions (as per Clause 5.12)
Recommended storage conditions shall be specified due to the importance of proofing substrates to colour
management.
For sheet-fed offset printing substrates, the following additional properties should be communicated.
m) Bending Resistance (Bending Stiffness) (as per Clause 5.13)
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32. Paperdam Working Plan 2013
ISO TC 130 Graphic Technology
– Editing ISO DIS 15397 « Communication of Graphic Paper
properties »
– Contribute to ISO 12647 series, definition of paper classification
and properties for prepress, Offset, Gravure, News.
– Follow-up of WG 13 Conformity assessment
– Follow-up of WG 11 Environment and Carbon Footprint.
(Eurograph positions)
ISO TC 6 Paper and Board
– Optics (Brightness, Whiteness)
– Aging.
– Paper testing with AutoLab /PM gauges (ISO 18522 editing)
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33. Messages summary
D50 for printing and D65 or C in specific case for paper.
– We need both
Priority is calibration of printers equipments. For BOTH:
– viewing booth
– testing tools as per ISO 13655
All explanations in ISO 15397
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34. Please visit our website
for more information
www.paperdam.org
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35. Supporting slides
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36. DIS 15397 specific comments for
Gravure
Optics, Color coordinate, Whiteness/Brightness
– For visual appreciation, paper Brightness and/or Whiteness shall
be used.
– In Prepress, the communication of Color coordinates LAB as per
D50 should be seen as an excellent improvement to manage
prepress Color Management and color profiles. The Color
Coordinates as per D65 must only be used to set up paper
specifications when needed.
Ink penetration.
– Some players mentioned Ink Penetration as a property to be
included. During previous discussions, it was agreed that there
was no ISO Standard existing to address this property, and that
PPS Roughness was the most relevant property to address this
issue among others.
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37. | © The Paperdam Group
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO
13655
Second edition
2009-##-##
Graphic technology — Spectral
measurement and colorimetric
computation for graphic arts images
Technologie graphique — Mesurage spectral et calcul colorimétrique
relatifs aux images dans les arts graphiques
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38. | © The Paperdam Group
ISO TC 6/N1756
Date: 2013-09-17
ISO/FDIS 2469:2013(E)
ISO TC 6//WG 3
Secretariat: SCC
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse radiance factor
(diffuse reflectance factor)
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de luminance énergétique diffuse
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39. ISO DIS 12647-4 Paper properties
Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone
colour separations, proofs and production prints — Part 4: Publication
gravure printing
Technologie graphique — Contrôle des processus de confection de sélections couleurs tramées, d'épreuves
et de tirages — Partie 4: Processus impression héliogravure publication
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40. ISO DIS 12647-4 Paper properties
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