This slide is a Summary of internet technology and programming. Internet technology and programming is a specialised area field of computer science. It includes an overview of the internet, concepts of web design and how to evaluate your website.

1. INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND
PROGRAMMING – ICE416
400LEVEL FIRST SEMESTER
MODULE ONE
Course Cordination: Loreta Jugu (katokjugu@gmail.com)
Lecturers: Mrs. Loretta Onyiye, Mr. Shamsu, SB Mohammad
AIRFORCE INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY, KADUNA
FACULTY OF GROUND AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

2. • Laptop
• IDEs
COURSE REQUIRMENT
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3. • Internet technology and programming is a specialised area field of computer science. It
includes an overview of the internet, concepts of web design and how to evaluate your
website.
• Students are expected to complet extensive web project to demonstrate mastery of the
programming language been taught.
COURSE INTRODUCTION
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4. • To provide you with an understanding of the internet, web applications and programming
languages.
• To expose you to practical applications of the internet and programming in real life.
COURSE AIM
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5. • Overview of the internet
• Fundamentals of web design and developemnt
• Web browsers(Client),Web servers (Middleware) and Database servers.
• Programming skills
• Github Repositories
• Presentation skills.
COURSE OBJECTIVE
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6. • The internet was developed by Paul Baran and Donald Davis in 1962.
• Internet stands for Interconnected network of networks on a global scale.This makes it
possible for computers all over the world to communicate (send and receive massages).
• An internet is define as a global collection of computers and networks that connects
milllions of people, organisations, military and governmet to a wide range of information
resources trough a common protocol to communicate among themwselves.
THE INTERNET
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7. • All entities of the net are given unique names for easy identifications and delivery of
messages.They are identified using Domain names.
• Host are the organisation who own a particular network
• Node are computers connected to the internet via the host.
• Importance of Domain Names:
• Convenient
• Information
• Easy accessibility
DOMAIN NAMES AND IP ADDRESSES
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8. • Host name
• Organisation name
• Sub-domains (Optional)
• Country
PARTS OF DOMAIN NAMES
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9. • .com for Commercial
• .mil for military
• .edu for education
• .org for organisation
• .net for information services/networks
• International top level - .ng, .us, .uk etc
• Example of domain name: www.google.com, www.afit.edu.ng
TOP LEVEL DOMAINS
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10. • IP addresses are unique four octet numbers expressed either as binary dotted or decimal
dotted. e.g.
• 10101110.00001011.00010000.01000001 Binary-dotted
179.11.16.65 Decimal-dotted
IP ADDRESSES
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11. • To convert IP address from binary to decimal form, we convert each of the four 8-bits
numbers in each octet according to the table below:
IP ADDRESSES CONVERSION
Decimal
Value
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Decimal
Octet Value
(1)
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
128+32+16
+2+1=179
Octet Value
(2)
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 8+2+1=11
Octet Value
(3)
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 16
Octet Value
(4)
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 64+1=65
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12. • There are five classes of address designed to meet the needs of different organisations.
They are given as A, B, C, D and E. and distinguish from each other by the decimal
notation of the first octet.The class range is presented in the table below:
IP ADDRESSES CLASSES
Class First Octet Net-ID Default Subnet mask Availability
A 1-126 First Octet 255.0.0.0 Available
B 128-191 First 2 Octet 255.255.0.0 Available
C 192-223 First 3 Octet 255.255.255.0 Available
D 224-239 N/A Reserved for multicasting
E 240-255 N/A Reserved
NB: 127 is reserved for loopback (127.0.0.1) for internal testing on the local machine
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13. • Data passage within an internet-work is via a router
• Among the various network interconnecting devices such as bridge, switch, hub, repeater,
gateway and router, the routers is the most ideal because of its ability to handle complex
situations like the Internet,
• The router maintains a routing table, which contains the IP address of all the adjacent
nodes, the various subnets of the Internet
INFORMATION ROUTING ONTHE INTERNET
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14. • This model predates the open standard interconnection (OSI) model and hence, often
referred to as the department of defence (DoD) model .
• The OSI model is composed of a seven-layered architecture along which network
communications are segmented. Each layer covers a specific type of network activities
and protocols.While the DoD model has 4 layers.
• The seven layers are Application, Presentation, Session,Transport, Network, Data Link,
and Physical.
THE INTERNET MODEL
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15. OSI AND DoD MODEL
Application Layer
Process/ Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer Host-to-Host Layer
Network Layer Internetwork Layer
Data-Link Layer
Network Access Layer
Physical Layer
OSI DoD
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16. • Meaning of the Internet
• Concepts of domain names and IP addresses
• OSI reference model and DoD Model
• Application layer protocols.
Summary
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17. • They are applications that are access through the web browser over a network such as
the intranet or internet.
• PARTS OFWEB APPLICATION;
• Web browser
• Web server
• Database server
• A person who develops aWeb App is referred to as aWEB DEVELOPER
WHAT ARE WEB APPLICATIONS?
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18. • Online retail sales
• Web logs
• Implement webmail
• Web apps generate a series of web pages dynamically in a standard format supported on
the browser e.g. HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language)
COMMON USES OF WEB APPLICATIONS?
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19. • The web works base on client server architecture i.e. the server (web server) and the
client (web browser)
Middleware
WEB APPLICATIONS ARCHITECTURE
Web browser
(internet)
Web Server
(PHP,ASP)
Database
(MySQL, Oracle)
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20. • Enables the user to display and interact with text, images, and other information that are
in the web pages.
• Examples of Brwsers:
• Internet explorer
• Maxilla Firefox
• Safari etc.
• Primary language of the browser is HTML
WEB BROWSER
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21. • This is were all transaction happens.The web server collects all request from the client
response to the request and serves the web pages back to the client i.e. browser.
• Examples ofWeb servers:
• Apache HTTP
• Internet Information Services(IIS)
Middleware Languages; PHP, ASP, ColdFusion, JSP, Perl
WEB SERVER
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22. • Database Management Systems (DBMS) provide functionality to database servers
• The database is responsible for storing, retrieving and manipulating the data.
• Examples of databases:
• Oracle
• Sybase
• SQL Server etc.
*The client (Front-end) – For data presentation and processing
*The server(Backend) – For storage, data processing and security
DATABASE SERVER
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23. • What are web applications?
• The structure of web application
• Web browsers, web servers and Database
Summary
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24. • Describe two most popular web servers.
• Describe the Clients/Server relationship using a diagram
• Explain the concept between internetTechnology and Programming
• Explain the OSI models
• Mention six network interconnecting devices.
Assignment
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