The document summarizes key concepts about urban structure and land use from Chapter 11 of a human geography textbook. It discusses urban spatial patterns and models of urban land use, including central business districts, zones of transition, and suburban sprawl. It also examines issues like gentrification, racial segregation, and urban problems affecting cities in North America, Europe, the Islamic world, and developing regions. Specific urban spatial patterns, land use models, and challenges facing different world regions are illustrated through various figures and maps.

1. Chapter 11 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and
Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta
City Spaces:
Urban Structure

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Concepts
• Gentrification
• North American Cities
• European Cities
• Islamic Cities
• Unintended
Metropolises
• Land Use
• Spatial Patterns
• Racial Segregation
• Urban Land Use
Models
• Smart Growth
• Urban Sprawl

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Urban Land Use
• Accessibility
• Isotropic surface
• Trade-off model
Apply your knowledge: Identify 3 trade-offs that you
have made in your own living space. How have these
affected your access to school, transportation, and job?
Figure 11.1 Accessibility, bid-rent, and urban
structure

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Urban Land Use, (cont'd)
• Congregation
• Minority groups
• Segregation
– Enclaves, ghettos,
colonies
Apply your knowledge: Identify
any enclaves, ghettos, or colonies
in your region. List ways these may
have resulted from discrimination
and ways residents benefit from
congregation.
Figure: Chapter 11 Opener Thames Town, China

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North American Cities
• Central business district
(CBD)
• Zone in transition
• Invasion and succession
Figure 11.2 Chicago's CBD

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North American Cities, (cont'd)
Figure 11.4 Chinatown in NYCFigure 11.3 The ecological model of
urban land use

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Racial Segregation
Detroit
Long BeachNew York
Washington, D.C.
Figure 11.a,b,c,d

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Spatial Organization
Figure 11.6 Decentralized multiple-nuclei
model
Figure 11.5 Hoyt's Sector model

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Figure 11.7
Polycentric new metropolis
Spatial Organization, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Create a map like the ones in Figures 11.7 and
11.8 for the metropolitan area with which you are most familiar. Label
urban realms, major highways, edge cities, secondary business centers,
and other important features.

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Spatial Organization, (cont'd)
Figure 11.9 Gentrification in PhiladelphiaFigure 11.8 Metroburban landscapes

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Smart Growth versus Sprawl
Figure 11.F Smart growth in PasadenaFigure 11.E Transformation of
California farmland to suburban
sprawl

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Problems of North American Cities
• Central cities
• Fiscal squeeze
• Infrastructure
• Poverty
• Neighborhood decay
• Cycle of poverty
• Redlining
Figure 11.10 Decaying infrastructure,
Minneapolis

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Problems of North American Cities, (cont'd)
Figure 11.11 Poverty in the District of Columbia
Apply your knowledge: Identify fiscal, industrial, or
neighborhood problems in your city or town. List and
explain any cycles of proverty or other patterns you can
identify.

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European Cities
• City planning
• Beaux Arts style
• Modern movement
• Features
– Low skylines
– Lively downtowns
– Neighborhood stability
– Municipal socialism
Figure 11.12
Vigevano, Italy

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European Cities, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Find images that best capture
the typical features of European cities.
Figure 11.14 Sabbioneta, ItalyFigure 11.13 Cologne, Germany

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European Cities, (cont'd)
Figure 11.16 La Ville RadieuseFigure 11.15 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris

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Figure 11.17 The Brazilian National Congress buildings, Brasilia
European Cities, (cont'd)

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Islamic Cities
• Basic principles
– Personal privacy and
virtue
– Communal well-being
– Inner essence of things
• Jami (principal
mosque)
• Kasbah (citadel)
Figure 11.18 Mosque in Pakistan

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Islamic Cities, (cont'd)
Figure 11.19 A suq, a covered bazaar, in Iran Figure 11.20 Housing in Tunisia

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Islamic Cities, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Research an Islamic city that is
similar in size to the community in which you live and list
two similarities and two differences between your own town
or city and the Islamic city you have researched.
Figure 11.21 Traditional wind towers in Iran

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Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Figure 11.H Luxury development, Palm
Jumeirah
Figure 11.G Dubai cityscape
Figure 11.J Dubai real estate bust

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Cities of the Periphery
• Unintended metropolises
• Underemployment
• Dualism
• The informal economy
• Slums
• Transport & infrastructure
problems
• Environmental degradation
Figure 11.23 Dualism in Rio de
Janeiro

23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Identify an informal economic
function in your town or city. List positive and negative
effects of the activities involved in this type of economy.
Figure 11.24 Garbage picking in Bangkok,
Thailand
Figure 11.22 Recent explosive growth in
Lagos, Nigeria

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Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)
Figure 11.26 Self-help as a solution to housing
problems in Zambia
Figure 11.25 Informal economic
activities in Bangkok, Thailand

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Cities of the Periphery, (cont'd)
Figure 11.28 Water-supply problems in
India
Figure 11.27 Infrastructure problems in
Columbia

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Future Geographies
Apply your knowledge: Research a megacity and
examine it in terms of the presence of slum housing,
environmental degradation, and infrastructure concerns.
What are the causes of these problems?
Figure 11.29
Cityscapes will continue to be
dominated by stark contrasts
between the rich and poor, as
in these slums in Mumbai,
India

27. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
End of Chapter 11