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Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry
and Sustainable Development
PDB 1012
Aug 2017
CURRENT ISSUES IN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Ph.D
Associate Professor & Head
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, UTP
amilawa@petronas.com.my
2. Course Learning Outcomes (CO)
1. Describe the various steps of the petroleum industry life cycle and
understand which disciplines are involved at each step
2. Explain how oil and gas are discovered and produced
3. Explain how oil and gas are transported from the site of production
to refineries or treatment plants
4. Explain how oil and gas are treated and exported to markets
5. Describe various petrol and petrochemical products
6. Describe knowledge and principle of sustainable development.
7. Explain the concept of legacy of unsustainable world.
8. Able to relate the patterns of development and sustainable
development with the role of engineers in industry.
9. Explain various types of footprints and the relation
with sustainable development.
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3. 8/8/17
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LLO1: Able to
identify current
issues in SD
LLO2: Able to explain with
examples each of the issues and
the role of engineers/
technologists in SD
LLO3: Able to relate key
sustainability issues with their
footprints
LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES (LLO)
LLO2/CO8
ENGINEERS
LLO2/CO9
FOOTPRINTS
LLO1/CO7
LEGACY
4. What is sustainable
development?
Development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future
generations to meet their
own needs.
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sustainability
9. Poverty - Venezuela
• Dumpster-diving, hunger as
Venezuela economy tanks,
76% of population below
poverty line
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2015
• 100% inflation
• 11.3% eat <3meals a
day
2016
• 500% inflation
• poverty rate 82%
• 32.5% eat <3meals a day
http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/21/news/economy/venezuela-food-prices-skyrocketing/
10. Poverty - Mexico
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In Mexico, ramshackle slums (left) sit shoulder-to-shoulder with the pristine homes of wealthier residents
just over the fence (right) - seen in this photo, which has not been digitally modified
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-4302236/Slums-stacked-mansions-skyscrapers.html#ixzz4bfufgWwV
11. Poverty - India
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Mumbai is one of the most divided cities in the world when it comes to the settlement of rich and poor in
such close proximity
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-4302236/Slums-stacked-mansions-skyscrapers.html#ixzz4bfvrh3nP
14. Energy - Imagine a world without
energy
It goes beyond the end of Wi-Fi,
smartphones and computers
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1.4 billion people around the world,
DON’T have access to electricity
And more than 2.9 billion do
not have access to clean cooking
16. "Energy is the golden
thread that connects
economic growth,
increased social
equity, and an environment
that allows the world to
thrive ”
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon
http://www.newstag.com/tag/climate-change/
1259
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Energy, Poverty and Climate Change are
affecting millions of the world's most vulnerable citizens
18. Energy Demand vs Supply:
The Fossil Fuel Paradox
There is too much and
not enough of it.
More than enough to
destabilize the climate
system but not enough to
preserve our current
oil-dependent lifestyle
much longer
PEAK OIL
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24. With such reliance on fossil fuel energy, the
environmental impacts are equally heavy.
Climate change = the globe is
warming
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25. As we strive to make
energy cheaper and
accessible, we meet a
new constraint –
CO2
.
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The world is going to need a lot more energy in the coming decades
(an increase of 50 percent or more between 2010 and 2040, according to U.S. government
estimates)
But today our biggest sources of energy are also big sources of CO2
.
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“Hydrocarbon fuel”- (chiefly
coal, oil and natural gas). The carbon
emissions that are unavoidable
by-product of their combustion are
build up in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Burning coal creates power –
and releases gases that drive
global warming!
The US is home to less than
5% of the world’s people,
yet produces 25% of CO2
emissions on the planet.
34. What are the key drivers in increasing/reducing
hydrocarbon consumption?
=
Residential/Commercial
Mining/Industrial
Transportation
Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Renewables
Contribution
Net Hydrocarbon
Consumption
Open
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“Fuming”- A traffic jam idles motorists in Bangkok;
Carbon emissions from vehicles contributes to global warming
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“Wildfires”- the fire cause the
higher temperatures and less
rainfall that change the nature’s
recipe of the Earth.
Increasing intensity and
incidence of wildfires
globally.
In developing world,
woodlands and rain
forests are being cleared
at staggering rate.
Every second of every
day a slice of rainforest
the size of football field
goes up in smoke,
pumping millions of
carbon into the
atmosphere and taking
trees out of the
environment.
38. CO2
in the atmosphere 38
“Greenhouse Effect”- the Earth’s atmosphere act
like plane of glass, allowing solar warmth to pass
through but preventing it from escaping back into space
(result the rise in temperature).
These gases build up in the
atmosphere creating greenhouse
effect – sun ray comes in but cant go
back out. UV rays reflected back in
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39. Climate change and global warming
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▪ Dramatically altered weather patterns
▪ Major shift of deserts
▪ Intensification of tropical storms
▪ Rise in sea level
Global warming
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“Melting Ice”- As formerly frosty regions
heat up, melting ice is raising sea levels,
threatening to inundate coastlines around the
world.
The melting glaciers in Greenland are dumping water into the ocean at a rate greater
than 1 cubic mile/week (5 times what Los Angeles uses per year).
If the entire Greenland ice sheet were to melt, global sea level will raise by 23ft,
swallowing large arts of coastal Florida, most of Bangladesh and other regions
worldwide
41. The Web of Implications Beyond Plain Sight
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44. Which sea level will we lock in?
How soon?
200-2000 years
from now
Sea-level rise
prediction for
Singapore via
Climate Central
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45. Which sea level will we lock in?
How soon?
200-2000 years
from now
Sea-level rise
prediction for
Kelantan via
Climate Central
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46. Which sea level will we lock in?
How soon?
200-2000 years
from now
Sea-level rise
prediction for
Perak via Climate
Central
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47. Tokyo area gets first November
dusting of snow in 54 years
▪ Experts said the low temperatures and
snowfall was due to Arctic air
penetrating middle latitudes and being
exposed to an atmospheric low with a
front moving eastward off Japan’s
Pacific coasts.
▪ The frigid air, otherwise kept locked in
the polar region, has been released in
the current phase of “Arctic oscillation,”
a phenomenon characterized by
symmetric seesawing between
sea-level pressures in polar and middle
latitudes, according to Weathernews
Inc.
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24th
November 2016
48. Torrential rains cause widespread
flooding in northern Italy
▶ Hydrologist Alberto Montanari said the extreme
weather events that affect Italy the most are those that
involve precipitation, whose frequency rather than
intensity have increased.
▶ Climatologist Filippo Giorgi said the three main
consequences of climate change are rising sea levels,
drought, and glacier melting and that extreme events like
heat waves could become the norm in 50 to 60 years.
▶ Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is essential for
keeping the global temperature in check, said Thomas
Stocker, co-chair of Working Group I of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
adding that a "fourth industrial revolution" is needed:
"decarbonization".
▶ He said without any measures to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions, the goal of keeping global warming within
two degrees Celsius "will be moot by 2035".
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http://www.euronews.com/2016/11/24/torrential-rains-cause-widesprea
d-flooding-in-northern-italy
http://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2016/11/08/climate-change-up
s-italy-flood-risk_46a88785-06f5-4606-933a-93cb4f5dfe8d.html
51. More than 1.2 billion people lack
access to clean drinking water
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physical (absolute) water scarcity
economic water scarcity
•Inadequate access to safe drinking water for about 884 million people
•Inadequate access to sanitation for 2.5 billion people, which often leads to water pollution
•Groundwater overdrafting (excessive use) leading to diminished agricultural yields
•Overuse and pollution of water resources harming biodiversity
•Regional conflicts over scarce water resources sometimes resulting in warfare.
52. WHAT CAN WE DO?
REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINTS
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54. The world’s population (P) is currently 7 billion .
If we continue to do well in healthcare and taking care of
the Earth, the number will increase to 9 billion by 2050.
No chance it’ll be zero!
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S is the services we need.
This encompasses everything: food, clothing, TV,
heating.
Getting rid of poverty means providing these
services to almost everyone on the planet.
And it's a great thing for this number to go up.
(E) is the energy needed per
service.
Fuel-efficient cars, LED light bulbs,
and other inventions are making it
possible to use energy more
efficiently.
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So none of the P , S and E are getting close to zero.
That leaves the final factor (C), the
amount of carbon emitted per each unit of
energy.
56. Quiz time!!
• Name 3 current issues in Sustainable
Development. Give 1 example for each.
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57. SAVE THE PLANET
THANKYOU
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Our future
If not you, who?
If not now, when?
Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Ph.D..
Head, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
