CATIII International has the experience and capability to maximise container usage. Post-consumer tyres are becoming a material of choice for civil engineers, developers and manufacturers. Tyre recycling is a means of promoting sustainable development while providing environmentally sound, economically feasible applications and products. The sector is developing rapidly in many world regions where new civil engineering and construction applications and products are being successfully tested, employed and systematised. The 13th China International Tyre Resources Recycling Expo organized by China Tyre Recycling Association was held in association with Reifen China 2016 and enriched the exhibits range with tyre retreading, rubber powder, reclaimed rubber and waste tyre pyrolyzing, forming a complete industry chain of rubber products from manufacturing to circulation utilisation. The dignitaries from the China rubber industry who visited the expo included Li Shousheng, Chairman of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, Deng Yali, Chairman of China Rubber Industry Association, Hong Zonglu, Chairman of Taiwan Rubber & Elastomers Association, Zhu Jun, Chairman of China Tyre Recycling Association, Zheng Wenrong, Secretary-General of China Natural Rubber Association, and Qi Runtong, Vice Chairman of China Synthetic Rubber Industry Association. We would like to know if China has an appetite for utilising empty containers by filling them with used tyres from the UK and Europe and processing them into shred and crumb to be used in civil engineering projects.

1. China Proposal
1
Introduction
As China moves to become the strongest economic power in the world, it is clear the
country has invested billions of dollars in massive infrastructure projects. 1 Some are already
complete, while others are still in progress. From highways that span the continent, to the
largest wind power base in the world, to international airports, to new cities in the desert,
China is showing what it really means to do BIG things.
CATIII – International Tyre Reclamation
CAT III is an international tyre reclamation company who have been trying to raise awareness
in Asia that a simple commodity such as used tyres can be a useful resource. The aim of this
proposal is to highlight how you can utilise empty shipping containers returning after
transporting Chinese goods to Europe. Leaving empty containers available to transport used
tyres to be recycled, creating a valuable commodity for manufacturing and civil engineering
projects.
Worldwide, the tyre recycling industry is growing. It is a cost-effective method of handling
large volumes or tyres and provides a valuable commodity (rubber crumb) for manufacturing
and construction when used in the proper manner. Over the past 20 years, exhaustive
practical and scientific tests carried out indicate that there is no adverse effect on the
environment from crumbed or baled tyres.
Repositioning and repurposing empty containers is not an easy task, especially given the pace
and complexity of modern container logistics. Despite all efforts, an estimated 20% of all
containers are moved around fully loaded with nothing. CATIII estimate that 65 percent of
containers are going back empty from Europe to China and this initiative will ensure that at
least a small percentage can be repurposed for the shipment of used tyres to be converted to
rubber crumb.
The average price of crumb is between $900 -$1200 per tonne. We can utilise 20 of your
empty containers to ship used tyres. Which would be a net gain to you in gaining a valuable
resource (rubber crumb) which can be used in several engineering projects. We could
commence shipping within 2 months if you find this proposal acceptable. These containers
will be filled for on a free to port basis. 20 containers a day = an average of 20 tonne of used
tyres per container which equates to 8000 tonne per month.
We understand many factories have been closing and placing many people out of work. We
believe these factories and workforce can be utilised in the manufacture of rubber based
products derived from used tyres. See Appendix A
The Road and Highway Construction industry in China has been growing rapidly, driven by
China's urbanization, increases in automobile ownership and freight and passenger road
transportation turnover volumes, and increasing government investment. In 2016, industry
revenue is expected to amount to $387.4 billion, up 9.5% from 2015. Over the past five years,
1 http://uk.businessinsider.com/giant-chinese-infrastructure-projects-that-are-reshaping-the-world-2016-
6?r=US&IR=T/#900-million-the-tianhuangping-hydroelectric-project-is-the-biggest-in-asia-and-plays-a-vital-
role-in-supplying-power-to-eastern-china-8

2. China Proposal
2
revenue has been growing at an average annualized rate of 11.7%. The total length of road in
China increased from 3.7 million kilometres in 2008 to 4.5 million kilometres in 2015.
Meanwhile, the total length of highway in China rose from 60,300 kilometres to about
138,700 kilometres. 2 We estimate 1kmof road takes between 45 to 70 tonne of crumb rubber
in asphalt, which equates to 2.7 million tonnes of crumb rubber based on 60,000km of road.
Overall, a typical scrap tire contains (by weight):
70 percent recoverable rubber
15 percent steel
3 percent fibre
12 percent extraneous material (e.g. inert fillers)
20 containers a day equates to 100 containers a week or 400 containers a month
This equates to 8000 tonne of used tyres per month
Once recycled it equates to $7.2M to $9.6M of rubber crumb. Check with spot market prices
for rubber crumb.
The above products and services would, we believe, be of interest to manufacturers and
related construction companies in China. Could you please identify and pass on the above
information? A copy of these manufacturers likely to benefit from these low-price offers is
requested and generate appreciation.
2 https://www.ibisworld.com/industry/china/road-highway-construction.html

3. China Proposal
3
Appendix A
Summary of Potential Uses of Recycled Crumbed Rubber
This is a listing of existing or intended uses for recycled crumb rubber.
Acoustic barriers
Adhesive sealants
Aggregate surfacing
Agricultural pipes
Airfield runways
Animal bedding
Anti-static computer mats
Automotive door and window seals
Bags
Bulk Products & Mining
Carpet underlay
Children's playground surfacing
Compression moulding compound
Construction & Industrial
Conveyor belts
Copolymers
Equestrian surfaces and workout areas
Erosion control landfills
Extrusion compounding for rubber
products
Filler in new tyre manufacture
Filter for landfill leachate ponds
Flexible foam
Floating docks
Floor mats, mud flaps, moulded
protection strips
Flooring
Flooring for truck trays and tipper bodies
Flower pots, wall hangers, pot plants
Foundation material
Gap seals
Gaskets
Gymnasium flooring and matting
Hot mix bitumen
Industrial flooring & footpaths
Injection moulding compound
Leachate pond liners
Waterproof membranes
Marine civil engineering
Membrane protection
Mounting pads and shock absorbers
Mulches and perma-mulches
Non slip flooring
Oil spill absorber
Packaging
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Pond liners
Portable traffic control devices
Protective fencing
Rail crossings, sleepers and buffers
Recycling bins
Reflective crack sealant
Ripple strips and speed bumps
Road and Rail Applications
Road base
Road base / stone replacement
Roadside safety railing
Rollers
Rubber modified bitumen
Rural and Landscaping
Shoe soles
Solid and pneumatic tyres
Solid tyres for industrial equipment
Special friction brakes
Athletic tracks, tennis courts, etc.
Sprayable linings for grain silos, etc.
Sprayable sealant
Stress absorbing membranes
Thermoplastic rubbers of ethylene and
propylene
Turf and horse training tracks
Tyre retreads
Vehicle bumper bars
Watering systems, rubber hosing & low
pressure irrigation drip hoses
Wharf buffers

4. China Proposal
4
Appendix B
Scrap Rubber is a desirable commodity.
Crumb Rubber and Steal is a valuable commodity.3
Crumbing is the process of reducing rubber compounds to a fine granular or powdered form.
CAT III have identified that crumbing is relieving virgin rubber market through its effective
recycling and manufacturing.
3 https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/price-of-crumb-rubber.html

5. China Proposal
5
Appendix C
Shredding
Shredded tyres cut to around 2" chips can be used as a drainage solution alongside roads.
Filter drains, which run alongside carriageways, are normally filled with stones. If the stones
get onto the carriageway, it can prove a real hazard. Shredded tyres bound with a bitumen
polymer have been used to provide a solution.
Application +Quantity +Unit of Application Form
Sea embankment 3,000 car tyres 500m x 1.5m high Whole
Temporary roads 3,000 truck tyres 1km of road Whole
Heavy load road 200,000 car tyres 350m long x 10m
wide
Whole
Artificial Reef 30,000 car tyres 1km x 1m high Whole/bale
Breakwater 4,000 tyres 1km x 0.7m high Whole/ bale
Retaining Wall 5,000 tyres 500m x 2m high Whole/cut
Slope stabilisation 750 tyres 500m x 1m high Whole/cut
Sound barriers 20,000 tyres 1km x 3m high Whole/cut
Heavy load road 200,000 car tyres 350m x 10m wide Whole/cut/bale
Drainage culvert bed 50,000 tyres 1km long Whole/cut/bale/shred*
Riverbank stabilisation 5,000 bales 1500m riverbank Bales
Coastal stabilisation 2,000 bales 1.3m high x 1km Bales
Sound barriers 20,000 tyres 1km x 3m high Shred
Embankment 1,000,000 car tyres 330m x 3m high Shred (compacted)*
Backfill 80 – 100 car tyres 1 cubic metre Shred (compacted)*
Bridge abutment fill 100,000 tyres 1m wide x 200mm Shred (compacted)*
Lightweight fill 2,700-3,600km m2 Layer thickness +1-
6m
Shred (compacted)*
Tram rail beds 50,000 tyres 1km Shred (compacted)*
Thermal insulation 300,000 tyres 0.3m thick x 10m
wide
Chip/shred *
Drainage layer 300,000 tyres 0.3m thick x 10m
wide
Chip/shred *
Road surface 70,000 tyres 1km 1 lane road Granulate

6. China Proposal
6
China
It is no accident that China has the busiest container ports in the world.4 Sea freight, or
ocean freight, is the main shipping method for international export and import. Low prices,
and large volumes, make delivery by sea a first choice for most importers. Like the new
container ports in Sri Lanka.
China's exports to the UK amounted to $61.2 billion or 9.8% of its overall imports.5 Of every
100 containers that crossed the Pacific Ocean from Asia to North America last year, 60 came
back empty, according to Drewry Shipping Consultants, a research organization and
consultancy. The containers that did come back full were often transported at a steep
discount for lack of demand. On European routes, 41 percent came back to Asia empty last
year.
"Year after year, the gap gets wider and wider and wider," said Nick Hay, senior vice
president at U.S. Lines, a California-based shipper, referring to the shipping imbalance
between North America and Asia. "It's such a big issue, and there's no end in sight."6
UK exports to China are increasing but reports show that about 21 percent of all containers
moved per year are empty, and that the percentage stays constant, so that as the total
number of containers shipped each year increases, so does the number of empties.
Each day across the United States about 1,500 shipping containers are packed full of
recyclables and trucked to seaports, where they are loaded onto cargo ships and dispatched
to China. The recyclables in those containers include metals, plastics, rubber, paper,
cardboard and textiles, which are used as raw materials by Chinese manufacturers.
China is experiencing growing pains. A lot needs to be done to solve problems related to the
growth of cities even as more problems are put on the table. Li Tie, director of the China
Centre for Urban Development, a public institution that is part of the National Development
and Reform Commission, said that while the commission has adopted a series of pilot
programs and policies. No matter where urban growth occurs, in China or elsewhere, it is a
difficult area that needs certain strengths to succeed, he said, as it entails looking at the
interests of many people and communities.
Some traditional industries are in decline and new industries are taking their place but in the
meantime, there are hundreds of factories and mills which are no longer in use. Every year
in China about 20 million people are moving into cities, and by 2020 the urban population in
China is expected to reach about 800 million. However, whether there will be enough jobs
for them in the cities is an open question.7
4 https://www.controlpay.com/blog/10-largest-container-ports-world
5 http://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/exports-to-united-kingdom
6 http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/business/worldbusiness/china-trade-unbalances-shipping.html
7 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/20/content_27724247.htm

7. China Proposal
7
Shredded or crumbed rubber can be used for many landfill-engineering projects, as well as
in motorway embankments and various marine applications.
During China’s 12th five-year plan (2011-2015), rubber sector revenue grew 9.6 percent
annually, a sharp drop from 36-percent annual growth during the 11th five-year plan.
“Developed markets such as Japan and Korea have also had similar slowdown,” said Liu
Peilin, deputy minister of the development strategy and regional economy department
under the state council’s development research centre.
CRIA Chairman Deng added that the sector has been optimizing its structure, with more
environmentally friendly technology, increased proportion of high value-added products
and improved product quality and variety. Last year, green rubber additives took up 92
percent of the total production, and 91` percent of the country’s tire production was radial
tires. Ms. Deng said she expects China’s rubber sector to grow 7 percent in 2016 and
continue growing at that pace annually throughout the 13th Five-Year Plan, ending in 2020.

8. China Proposal
8

9. China Proposal
9
Summary
CATIII International have the experience and capability to maximise container usage. Post-
consumer tyres are becoming a material of choice for civil engineers, developers and
manufacturers. Tyre recycling is a means of promoting sustainable development while
providing environmentally sound, economically feasible applications and products. The
sector is developing rapidly in many world regions where new civil engineering and
construction applications and products are being successfully tested, employed and
systematised.
The 13th China International Tyre Resources Recycling Expo organized by China Tyre
Recycling Association was held in association with Reifen China 2016 and enriched the
exhibits range with tyre retreading, rubber powder, reclaimed rubber and waste tyre
pyrolyzing, forming a complete industry chain of rubber products from manufacturing to
circulation utilisation.
The dignitaries from the China rubber industry who visited the expo included Li Shousheng,
Chairman of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, Deng Yali, Chairman of
China Rubber Industry Association, Hong Zonglu, Chairman of Taiwan Rubber & Elastomers
Association, Zhu Jun, Chairman of China Tyre Recycling Association, Zheng Wenrong,
Secretary General of China Natural Rubber Association, and Qi Runtong, vice Chairman of
China Synthetic Rubber Industry Association.
We would like to know if China has an appetite for utilising empty containers by filling them
with used tyres from the UK and Europe and processing them into shred and crumb to be
used in civil engineering projects.