2. Today’s lesson
Today you will be…
- Revising how to answer a Higher ‘How fully? question’
- Answering a How Fully question under timed conditions.
- Self-marking your How Fully? question.
4. Background information
• How fully? questions are worth 10 marks
• You will get a How fully? question in the Scottish
section of the final exam (Paper 2)
• The purpose of this question is to identify facts from
a source and then, using your own knowledge, show
what details are missing
5. Marking instructions
• Worth 10 marks
• Start by answering the question
• Up to 4 marks – identify relevant facts from the
source
• Up to 7 marks – identify relevant facts from your
own knowledge
• If you don’t give an answer or your own facts you
will get a maximum of 2 marks
6. Key issues Description of content
The migration of
Scots
• push and pull factors in internal migration and emigration:
• economic
• social
• cultural
• political aspects
• opportunity and coercion
The experience of
immigrants in
Scotland
• the experience of immigrants, with reference to Catholic Irish, Protestant Irish,
Jews, Lithuanians and Italians
• the reactions of Scots to immigrants
• issues of identity and assimilation
The impact of Scots
emigrants on the
empire
• the impact of Scots emigrants on the growth and development of the empire
(in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India) in terms of:
• economy and enterprise
• culture and religion
• native societies
Effects of migration
and empire on
Scotland, to 1939
• the contribution of immigrants to Scottish society, economy and culture
• the impact of empire on Scotland
• The significance of migration and empire on Scottish identity.
Migration & Empire: Possible question topics
7. Use AID to plan your answer
Answer You must actually answer the question. This
could be a quote such as “The source is quite
useful in describing [question issue] but
misses some key facts.”
Includes You must state up to four facts that the
source includes and show their relevance
Doesn’t You must include up to seven relevant facts
Include which the source doesn’t include
8. How to quote from sources
• When quoting from sources, you have to explain
exactly why the quote is relevant to the question
• One way to do this is by giving the relevant quote, and
then showing what this proves, in terms of the overall
question
Answer layout
Source A says “xxxxx”. This shows that…
9. HOW FULLY?
How fully does Source B explain the experiences of immigrants in Scotland? (10 marks) – 25
Minutes
Source B: from Tom Devine, The Scottish Nation: 1700–2000 (2000).
Initially the reaction of the native workers to the swelling tide of alien immigration from
Lithuania was hostile as it was believed that foreigners had been brought into the Ayrshire
coalfields to break strikes and dilute the power of the Unions. Friction intensified after 1900 as
depression in the coal trade caused successive reductions in miners’ wages while Lithuanian
immigration into the labour market continued. However, over the next two decades things
changed. To enhance their own economic advantage Lithuanians gave a convincing display of
loyalty to the Trade Union which improved relations with Scots. Nonetheless, assimilation was
initially confined to industrial relations, as in all other spheres they were still separate and
distinct, yet due to their smaller numbers the Lithuanians were not viewed as a threat to the
Scottish way of life.
11. Model Answer
In front of you is a model answer for the question. You have
ten minutes to self-mark your answer then answer the
following questions:
1) What did I do well on?
2) What could I improve?
3) What will I do to improve?
12. Model answer
Source C quite fully describes the experiences of immigrants in Scotland but also misses some key facts.
The source tells us “Initially the reaction of the native workers to the swelling tide of alien immigration
from Lithuania was hostile as it was believed that foreigners had been brought into the Ayrshire coalfields
to break strikes” which shows immigrants were often not welcomed due to fears they would Scots’
chances of improving working conditions. (1 mark)
The source also tells us “Friction intensified after 1900 as depression in the coal trade caused successive
reductions in miners’ wages while Lithuanian immigration into the labour market continued” which shows
immigrants were also not welcomed due to fears that they were causing lower wages. (1 mark)
The source says “Lithuanians gave a convincing display of loyalty to the Trade Union which improved
relations with Scots” which shows that some immigrants were well received because they worked with
Scots to improve working conditions. (1 mark)
The source says “assimilation was initially confined to industrial relations, as in all other spheres they
were still separate and distinct” which shows that many immigrants lived in their own communities and
did not mix with native Scots. (1 mark)
13. Model answer
However the source fails to mention that many immigrants became economically
successful by setting up their own businesses, including Jewish furniture shops. (1 mark)
Another obvious example was Italian immigrants who started businesses such as ice
cream shops, grocers and cafes. (1 mark)
The source also does not mention that immigrants often lived in poor quality housing, in
overcrowded conditions, including areas such as the Gorbals in Glasgow. (1 mark)
A government investigation into housing in the mid-1800s found up to 15 Irish
immigrants living in a single end in Edinburgh. (1 mark)
The source does not state that many Catholic immigrants faced a negative reaction from
Protestant Scots due to having a different religion. (1 mark)
The source also does not mention that Catholic immigrants kept their identity in Scotland
alive by attending social events organised by the Catholic church, including watching
football teams such as Celtic. (1 mark)
