2. WHAT WILL BE COVERED IN THIS SECTION
● Areas which Scots emigrated to - India, North America, Australasia.
● The role of Scottish migrants in the development of the “New World” -
agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, education, finance,
politics.
● Contribution of individual Scots to their new countries - Andrew
Carnegie, John Muir, Andrew Fisher.
4. Where Did Scots Move to?
Between 1830-1930 around 2.25 million Scots
emigrated.
● Many went to:
● England
● North America
● India
● Australia and New Zealand
5. Why Did Scots Move to England?
● Between 1830-1930 around 750,000 Scots moved to England.
● England was easy to get to and offered high pay.
● Many men moved to work in coal mining and textile, shipping and chemical
industries.
● Many medical students also went South.
6. Why Did Scots Move to Canada?
● Canada was popular among many Scots.
● Canada offered jobs in fur trade and farming.
● Due to the advancement of the steamship, Scots could make the journey in
about a week.
● Scottish influence – Nova Scotia – New Scotland encouraged people to look
forward to a new life.
7. Why Did Scots Move to the USA?
● Offered jobs in farming and business.
● Travel became easier and cheaper.
8. Why Did Scots Move to Australia?
● The first Scottish settlers had been convicts sent there as punishment. Once
they completed their term, many decided to stay and make roots in Australia.
● Australia attracted emigrants because of the better weather and opportunities
in farming and business.
9. Why Did Scots Move to New Zealand?
● Many Scots settled in the South Island of New
Zealand as a result of a good climate and farming.
10. Why Did Scots Move to India?
● India was part of the British Empire which meant travel was easier.
● Many of the governors were Scottish. This was an important role which
offered a lot of money.
● Also many were able to get jobs as Scottish soldiers in India.
11. 2. Role of Scots in
Developing the
“New World”
12. Contribution to Farming
● In Australia and New Zealand, Scots were
introduced sheep-farming.
● This led to large amounts of wool and meat
being transported back to Great Britain by boat.
● They introduced new types of sheep like the
Merino.
● William Davidson was the first Scot to send
frozen meat back from New Zealand in 1882.
13. Contribution to Farming
● Developed the cattle ranches in the USA.
● Also played an important role in farming – skilled shepherds in the USA and
New Zealand.
14. Mining Contributions
● Scots helped to develop coal mining in the North of
England.
● Many Scots became involved in gold and silver
mining and worked as prospectors in the USA,
Australia and South Africa.
● Many Scots moved to the USA for the gold rush in
California in 1849.
● Gold mines in New Zealand attracted Shetlanders.
15. Contribution of Prisoners
● Australia and Tasmania were used as prison
colonies before 1868.
● This provided much needed free labour as
convicts worked for the duration of their
sentence.
● They were either put to work by the governor
or ordered to work for settlers.
● They would have been involved in clearing
land, building roads and constructing
settlements.
16. Contribution in Other Industries
● Scots helped develop fur and timber trade in
the USA and Canada.
● Scots also worked in shipbuilding and
engineering in New Zealand.
● The just industry (used for sandbags) grew in
India. Jute mills open in India and many scots
from Dundee moved to India to work there.
● Scots helped build the Canadian – Pacific
Railway – linked the Canadian’s east and west
coast.
● Scots also set up wine and brewing industries
in Australia.
17. Contributions in Education
● The Scottish education system acted as an example for many.
● Important Universities were founded by Scots - for example, Queen’s
University in Canada.
● Sydney University in Australia looked to Scotland as their model.
● The Scottish education system was used as a model for New Zealand.
18. Other Notable Contributions
● Scots also set up the Australian banking system –
for example, by establishing the Bank of
Queensland.
● Scots helped set up the Bank of Bombay in India.
● Scots played a key role in the East India
Company, which was used for trading with other
countries.
● Scots had a political presence in India as Scottish
soldiers. They would also take on roles as
Governors - for example, Broun-Ramsay who was
General from 1848-1856.
19. Negative Impacts of the Scots Abroad
● Many immigrant destroyed the
nomadic way of life – Aborigines in
Australia and Native Americans in
America.
● Fights would break out between
natives and Scots.
● Native Americans were forced onto
reservations by White settlers - some
of which included Scots.
21. 1. Successful Politicians
James
Ramsay
MacDonald
Born in
Moray.
Became the
first Labour
Party Prime
Minister.
Katherine,
Duchess of
Atholl
Became the first
Scottish MP in
1923.
The first woman
to serve in a
Conservative
government.
22. 1. Successful Politicians Abroad
John
Alexander
MacDonald
Born in
Glasgow.
Became the
first Prime
Minister of
Canada.
Andrew
Fisher
Born in
Ayrshire.
Became the
Prime Minister
of Australia
and served for
three terms
(1908-1915).
23. 2. Successful Inventors (Moved to England)
John Logie Baird
Inventor of the television
From Helensburgh.
David Napier
Built the first boilers for steam
powered ships.
James Nasmyth
Invented the steam hammer,
important in large scale iron
works.
24. 3. Successful Businessmen
Andrew Carnegie
● Born into poverty in Dunfermline - Andrew
and his family emigrated to the USA in
1848.
● He worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company.
● Saved his money and invested his money
in steel industry.
● Became the richest man in the world.
25. 3. Successful Businessmen
● By 1880, Carnegie’s company was one of
the largest producers of steel in the world.
● He sold his business in 1901 and became a
philanthropist (someone who gives money to
good causes to promote the welfare of
others).
● Gave money to education so they could
build libraries. Some money was sent back
to Scotland - for example, the Ewart Library
in Dumfries was established from Carnegie’s
money.
● Most of his money went to support music –
New York – Carnegie Hall.
26. 4. Successful Conservationist
John Muir
Born in Dunbar - family emigrated to the USA in 1849
Founder of the Conservation Movement.
He campaigned for preservation of wilderness areas in the
USA.
Preserved the Yosemite National Park.
Set up the Sierra Club that helped to establish National
Parks across the USA.
28. Scottish Culture and Heritage
In every country where Scots settled they set up
Caledonian Societies to celebrate their Scottish
heritage:
● Founded pipe bands
● Wore Highland dress
● Held Highland Games
● Set up Burns Clubs
● Founded golf clubs such as St Andrew's Golf
Club in New York in 1888
● Many celebrate St Andrew’s Day, Burn’s Night
and New Year (Hogmanay)
29. Scottish Culture and Heritage
● Scottish place names were given to the areas
where the Scots settled.
● Examples of this are Perth in Australia and
Nova Scotia (New Scotland) in Canada.
● New Zealand place names such as Oban,
Invercargill, Lumsden, Glenorchy, Gillespie's
Point, Stewart Island and Lake Benmore.
● This shows Scots impact in these places as
they are making long-lasting commitments to
remember their contributions to society.
30. Why Were Scots Successful Abroad?
● Scots were well educated and had skills well suited to the needs of their
new countries. Professionals often found their skills were in great demand.
● Scotland produced skilled, practical workers who came from an agricultural
or engineering background.
● Had a strong work ethic.
● Scots were more literate i.e. could read and write.
● Scots spoke English unlike immigrants from other countries. They could
make better connections with other nationals living in their new chosen
country.
● Most emigrant Scots were Protestant which meant they did not face anti
Catholic discrimination.
● Some Scots had money to invest.
31. Why Were Some Scots Not Successful?
● About one third of Scots were unhappy abroad and came home. They
missed home and family members who refused to make the move.
● Some went abroad with the intention of returning to Scotland once they had
made some money. They hoped to invest their wealth in Scottish or UK
industries.
● Some had jobs such as soldiers and missionaries which meant they would
naturally return home.
