1. Setting and Location
Gives meaning to the film, and helps
add to the effect created by the
actors
Props
Brings the set/setting to life and
adds more realism
Costume and
Makeup
Used to help representation of the
characters, and holds meaning with
the genre and narrative
Facial Expression
Adds reality to the scene and can be
used to create tension/show the
audience an emotion
Stunts
Adds tension to a scene and can be a
pivotal point in any scene
Body Language and
Gesture
Can be used to show the way a
character is feeling despite what
they’re saying, or show what a
character is feeling without saying
anything at all
Low Key Lighting
Used mostly in film noir and horror,
helps a certain character or object
stand out more

2. Natural Lighting
Makes the scene seem more real
High Key Lighting
Creates a contrast between two
objects in the scene, e.g. a person
and the light of day
Colour Coding
Shows contrast between different
characters and their personalities. A
femme fatale may wear red lipstick
while someone innocent may wear
white.