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Communicable and Non-communicable diseases
1. DEAR MADAM/SIR,
YOU ARE REQUESTED
NOT TO PRESS ANY KEY
DURING THE SLIDE
SHOW .
THANK YOU…….
#LALIT KUMAR
2. -SCIENCE PRESENTATION BY LALIT KUMAR
CLASS-IX
SEC-A
ROLL NO. -18
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL,
KALINGA
3. TOPIC: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Points that we will see in this presentation
What are communicable diseases?
How communicable diseases spread?
Examples of some communicable diseases and some points
about them
What are the symptoms in communicable diseases?
How to prevent communicable diseases?
INTRODUCTION
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4. What are communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases are diseases that spread from a
disease infected person to a healthy person.
Diseases that are “catching”.
Communicable diseases are diseases that are caused by
‘germs’ or ‘pathogens’.
#Lalit Kumar
5. How Communicable Diseases Spread?
#Communicable
diseases spread
through
different ways.
#These are some
ways-
They spread through ‘direct contact’ , i.e. when one
infected person directly comes in contact with a healthy
person
They spread through ‘indirect contact’ also. Indirect
contact include through coughing and sneezing,
different means like air and water.
They are spread by carriers .
Carriers are those who spread disease through
them. E.g. Mosquitoes-malaria and dengue
House Flies-
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8. Lets know more
#Lalit Kumar
:MOSQUITOES:
A small flying insect that bites people and animals and suck their blood.
Mosquito is a monophagus animal , i.e. they can only feed on one type of food.
They live in swampy areas and dirty and dark places.
The Female Anopheles mosquito causes malaria.
MALARIA-
Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. It was once
thought the disease came from fetid marshes, hence the name mal aria, (bad air).
HISTORY OF MALARIA:
*Malaria was first discovered in South Africa.*
.In 1880, scientists discovered the real cause of malaria is a unicellular parasite called
‘Plasmodium’.
Later Sir Ronald Ross in 1902 predicted that the parasite is transmitted from person
to person through the bite of a ‘female Anopheles mosquito, which requires blood to
nature her eggs.
After lots of research scientists found four types of plasmodium.
1. Plasmodium Falciparum
2. Plasmodium Vivax
3. Plasmodium Ovale
4. Plasmodium Malariae
9. Lets know more
WORKING OF PLASMODIUM:
Plasmodium reproduces in two ways:
1) Asexual reproduction is done in human body(primary host)
2) Sexual reproduction in mosquito(secondary host)
#Plasmodium is a host specific #
The female parasite enters the human host when an infected Anopheles mosquito takes
a blood meal. Inside the human host, it releases Sporozoite. Sporozoite evades the
immune system, infects the liver and produces Cryptosporozoite. Then
‘cryptosporozoite’ changes to ‘cryptozoite’ and it will go to the fourth stage
‘Cryptomerozoite’ in the liver.
Then after 17 days, the cryptomerozoite comes out and attacks the RBC and new liver
cells.
When cryptomerozoite attacks the RBC, ‘Schizont’ is formed. It then undergoes
different stages like ‘Cryptoshinzont’ and then ‘Merozoit’. Then after 45 days, body
temperature becomes 106°F from 102°F.
SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA:
Malaria symptoms appear about 9-14 days after the infectious mosquito bite,
although this varies with different Plasmodium species.
Typically, malaria produces fever, shivering, pain in the joints and headache.
Once the parasite is killed, the symptoms disappear.
#LALIT KUMAR
10. 6/5/2016
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAN BE
PREVENTED BY APPROPRIATE MEASURES
WHICH INCLUDE :
Good Site Planning.
Provision Of Basic Clinical Services.
Provision For Appropriate Shelter.
Clean Water Supply.
Sanitation.
Mass Vaccination Against Specific Diseases.
Regular And Sufficient Food Supply.
Control Of Vectors.
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