Kshirabdhi Tanaya Tutor,SUM Nursing college SOA ,DTU,Bhubaneswar

1. Presented By:-
Kshirabdhi Tanaya(Tutor)
SUM Nursing college
SOA,DTU,BBSR

2. • This term is used loosely today and still lacks a
definitive explanation
• Stress may be viewed as an individuals
reaction to any change that requires an
adjustment or response, which can be
physical, mental or emotional.
Introduction to Stress
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3. • According to Selye (1956):- stress is defined as
in two ways
1. Stress as the rate of wear and tear with in the
body.
2. Stress as the state manifested by a specific
syndrome which consist of all the non-
specifically induced changes with in a
biological system
What is Stress/ Definition of Stress
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4. • According to Burges (1997) :- Stress is defined
as two ways.
1. Stress is a stimulus that upsets an individuals
balance or homeostasis.
2. Stress is an individuals response to a stressful
stimulus.
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5. • A stressor is any person or situation that produces anxiety
responses. Stress and stressors are different for each person.
• Types of Stressors
1. Environmental Stressor
Noise, pollution, traffic, crowding and weather
2. Physiological Stressor
Illness, injury, hormonal imbalance, inadequate sleep or
nutrition
3. Social Stressor
Financial problem, work demand, social events, loosing a
loved one etc.
4. Thought
Negative self talk, catastrophizing and perfectionism
Stressor
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6. • Acute Stress
• Chronic Stress
Acute Stress:- It is the most common form of stress. It
comes from demands and pressures of the recent
past and anticipated demands and pressures of the
near future.
Chronic Stress :- It is the response to emotional
pressure suffered for a prolonged period over which
an individual perceives he or she has no control.
Types of Stress
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7. Acute Stress Sign
&symptoms
• Anger, irritability
• Anxiety, depression
• Headache, back pain,
jaw pain, muscular
tension
• Stomach & bowel
problem, increase heart
rate & BP etc.
Chronic Stress Sign &
symptoms
• Dry mouth, dyspnoea
• Headache, frequent
micturation
• Irritability, insomnia
• Fatigue
• Poor concentration &
tension
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8. Eustress or Positive Stress
* The stress that comes
from good sources like
marriage, birth of a
baby, wining the lottery
etc is called eustress.
Distress or Negative stress
* This types of stress
comes from bad
sources like difficult
work environment,
overwhelming sights&
sounds, threat of injury
etc. are called Distress.
Other types of Stress
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9. Internal stress
Internal stress comes from
inside of us. These are:-
-Nutritional stress
-Attitudes
-Anger,fear,worry
-Imagination
-Anticipation
-Memory
-Presence of
illness&infection
External stress
External stress comes from
outside of us. These are:-
-Our physical environment
-Our job
-Pollution,trauma,injury
-Toxin, micro-organisms
-Relationship with others
-Home
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10. 10

11. * This syndrome of symptoms has come to be
known as the “fight or flight” syndrome.
* Selye called this general reaction of the body to
stress is general adaptation syndrome & he
described the reaction in three distinct stages
1. Alarm reaction Stage
2. Stage of resistance
3. Stage of exhaustion
Stress as a biological Responses
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13. - It is the body’s initial reaction to a stressor
- When the stressor threat is identified, the
body’s response is a state of alarm.
- During the stage, the physiological responses
of the “fight or flight” syndrome are initiated.
- Alarm reaction is mean to counteract a danger
by mobilizing the body’s resources for
immediate physical activity.
1. Alarm reaction stage
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14. 14

15. • The resistance reaction is the second stage in
stress response and it is initiated by regulating
hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and it is
a long term reaction.
• This reaction allows the body to continue fighting
and perform strenuous task.
• If stressor persists, the organism tries to adapt to
continued challenges utilizing available resources.
• Occasionally it fails to fight the stressor, when it is
too severe or long lasting.
2.Stage of resistance
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17. • Stress persist for a long time.
• Environmental demands or strains exceeded
available resources.
• The adapting energy is depleted and the body
is unable to maintain normal function.
3. Stage of exhaustion
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18. Strategy-1 :- Get moving
1. Put on some music or dance.
2. Swimming or cycling.
3. Take your dog for a walk.
4. Use stairs at home rather than other sources.
5. Regular exercise etc.
Stress Management
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19. Strategy-2 :-Engage socially
1. Help someone else.
2. Have lunch or dinner with friends.
3. Call or e-mail to an old friend.
4. Accompany someone to the movies.
Strategy-3 :- Avoid unnecessary stress
1. Learn how to say “no”.
2. Avoid people who stress you.
3. Take control of your environment (which is
unpleasant to you like tv sound, switch off
the TV)
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20. Strtegy-4 :- Alter the situation
1. Express your feelings instead of bottling them
up. ( if you can’t bother someone else due to
any problem then you can communicate
openly to her/him).
2. Be willing to compromise.
3. Manage your time better.
Strategy-5 :- Adapt to the stressor
1. Reframe problems-Try to view stressful
situation from a more positive perspective.
2. Adjust your standards- See reasonable
standards for yourself & others.
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21. Strategy-6 :- Accept the things you can’t change-
1. Look up for upside.
2. Learn to forgive.
3. Don’t try to control the uncontrollable.
Strategy-7 :- Make time for fun & relaxation
1. Go for walk.
2. Do something for enjoyment.
3. Listen music
4. Take a long bath
5. Watch a comedy
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