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勞動事件法施行後的勞資糾紛新局
勞動法將於 109 年 1 月 1 日正式上路,請各位會員注意相關規定。
一、到底什麼是「勞動事件」呢?
只要是屬於「勞動事件」而衍生的權利義務爭議,都應透過勞動事件法所定的
程序來辦理。
由於勞動事件法所訂定的一些程序,事實上是對勞方較為有利的,目的就是為
了讓經濟實力往往較為弱勢的勞方能減少訴訟障礙,進而提高爭取自身權利的
意願。相對而言,不按照法令規定來制定人事制度或管理員工的老闆們,未來
面臨到勞動調解或甚訴訟的機率也會隨之提高。
例如雇主不當使用勞工的個人資料所導致的損害爭議等。此外,建教生、技術
生、見習生、工會或求職者遇到相關爭議時,也都能透過勞動事件法的程序來
提出訴求。
二、增加雇主舉證責任
大家應該多少都聽過「舉證之所在,敗訴之所在」這句話吧?
舉例而言,如果勞方要向雇主請求加班費時,就必須先證明自己有加班的事
實,再證明確實沒有領到該筆費用,在許多勞方無法取得出勤紀錄(或甚根本
沒記錄)與薪資單的情況下,就會提高了敗訴的可能。
勞動事件法為了要解決這個現實上的問題,因此將許多舉證責任反轉到雇主身
上。
三、強化保全程序
勞方在訴訟前或訴訟中,為了避免訴求的事項在有判決結果需要執行的時候會
有困難,可向法院聲請「假扣押」或「假處分」,禁止雇主處分財產,避免屆
時求償無門。
四、勞動調解先行
依照勞動事件法第 16 條規定,除非是性騷擾爭議、提起反訴或送達於他造之
通知書,應為公示送達或於外國送達者,否則勞方提告時都還是得先經過勞動
調解程序。
有點類似仲裁的性質,也就是直接把爭議案件交給客觀第三方來判斷應如何處
理。
五、減免勞方訴訟障礙
裁判費也是會造成一些經濟上困難的勞方不願提告的其中一個原因。勞動事件
法第 12 條明訂了勞工因確認僱傭關係或給付工資、退休金或資遣費而提起訴
訟,可暫免徵收三分之二的裁判費。
另外,勞動事件法對於弱勢勞工也有一些救助機制,依照第 14 條規定,如果
勞方符合社會救助法規定之低收入戶、中低收入戶,或符合特殊境遇家庭扶助
條例第 4 條第 1 項之特殊境遇家庭,可被視為無資力支出訴訟費用而暫免徵收
訴訟費。
六、管轄法院破除「以原就被」原則
勞工提告時,可選擇以雇主所在地或勞務提供地為管轄法院。
雇主提告時,被告(勞工)可聲請移送至其選定的管轄法院。
參考網址:
(1)司法院 Q&A
https://www.judicial.gov.tw/work/work22/勞動事件法 Q&A.pdf
(2)工商時報評論
https://www.google.com.tw/amp/s/view.ctee.com.tw/legal/11752.html/amp

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勞動事件法摘要

  • 1. 勞動事件法施行後的勞資糾紛新局 勞動法將於 109 年 1 月 1 日正式上路,請各位會員注意相關規定。 一、到底什麼是「勞動事件」呢? 只要是屬於「勞動事件」而衍生的權利義務爭議,都應透過勞動事件法所定的 程序來辦理。 由於勞動事件法所訂定的一些程序,事實上是對勞方較為有利的,目的就是為 了讓經濟實力往往較為弱勢的勞方能減少訴訟障礙,進而提高爭取自身權利的 意願。相對而言,不按照法令規定來制定人事制度或管理員工的老闆們,未來 面臨到勞動調解或甚訴訟的機率也會隨之提高。 例如雇主不當使用勞工的個人資料所導致的損害爭議等。此外,建教生、技術 生、見習生、工會或求職者遇到相關爭議時,也都能透過勞動事件法的程序來 提出訴求。 二、增加雇主舉證責任 大家應該多少都聽過「舉證之所在,敗訴之所在」這句話吧? 舉例而言,如果勞方要向雇主請求加班費時,就必須先證明自己有加班的事 實,再證明確實沒有領到該筆費用,在許多勞方無法取得出勤紀錄(或甚根本 沒記錄)與薪資單的情況下,就會提高了敗訴的可能。 勞動事件法為了要解決這個現實上的問題,因此將許多舉證責任反轉到雇主身 上。 三、強化保全程序 勞方在訴訟前或訴訟中,為了避免訴求的事項在有判決結果需要執行的時候會 有困難,可向法院聲請「假扣押」或「假處分」,禁止雇主處分財產,避免屆 時求償無門。
  • 2. 四、勞動調解先行 依照勞動事件法第 16 條規定,除非是性騷擾爭議、提起反訴或送達於他造之 通知書,應為公示送達或於外國送達者,否則勞方提告時都還是得先經過勞動 調解程序。 有點類似仲裁的性質,也就是直接把爭議案件交給客觀第三方來判斷應如何處 理。 五、減免勞方訴訟障礙 裁判費也是會造成一些經濟上困難的勞方不願提告的其中一個原因。勞動事件 法第 12 條明訂了勞工因確認僱傭關係或給付工資、退休金或資遣費而提起訴 訟,可暫免徵收三分之二的裁判費。 另外,勞動事件法對於弱勢勞工也有一些救助機制,依照第 14 條規定,如果 勞方符合社會救助法規定之低收入戶、中低收入戶,或符合特殊境遇家庭扶助 條例第 4 條第 1 項之特殊境遇家庭,可被視為無資力支出訴訟費用而暫免徵收 訴訟費。 六、管轄法院破除「以原就被」原則 勞工提告時,可選擇以雇主所在地或勞務提供地為管轄法院。 雇主提告時,被告(勞工)可聲請移送至其選定的管轄法院。 參考網址: (1)司法院 Q&A https://www.judicial.gov.tw/work/work22/勞動事件法 Q&A.pdf (2)工商時報評論 https://www.google.com.tw/amp/s/view.ctee.com.tw/legal/11752.html/amp