This document provides information on sentence structure, specifically on -ing and -ed adjectives derived from verbs, and the use of should and shouldn't in sentences. It explains that -ing adjectives describe the subject and -ed adjectives describe how people feel. Examples are given for each. The document also discusses using should to give advice, opinions, or recommendations and shouldn't to express prohibition. It concludes with examples of sentence structures using verbs followed by "that" clauses.

1. SENTENCE
STRUCTURE
KRISMI NATALIA, S. Pd.

3. Essential
Grammar
3

4. -ing and –ed Adjectives
adjectives which come from verbs (participles) can have two forms
4
Verb
Adjective 1:
Present
Participle
Adjective 2:
Past
Participle
Amuse Amusing Amused
Bore Boring Bored
Embarrass
Excite
Verb
Adjective 1:
Present
Participle
Adjective 2:
Past
Participle
Interest Interesting Interested
Satisfy Satisfying Satisfied
Shock
Surprise

5. We use the –ing form to
talk about the subject.
Examples:
- It was surprising that
he got 100 for the Math
exam
- Roberto thinks that
English is interesting
We use the –ed form to
talk about how people
feel.
Examples:
- I’m interested in
English
- Ines was excited to go
on a bus around
Madiun
5

6. “
Exercise:
1. I’ve just read a very … book. (amuse)
2.The basketball game was very … because both
teams played well. (excite)
3.I couldn’t find the way to your house because
your map was very …. (confuse)
4.I was … that your brother did so well in his exam,
(amaze)
5.Please go away. You are very … (annoy)
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7. SHOULD
GIVING ADVICE
- You should speak to
him about it.
- He should see a
doctor
- We should ask a
lawyer
GIVE AN OPINION/
RECOMMENDATION
- He should resign
now
- We should get a
second opinion
- They should do
something about
this critical situation
EXPRESS PERSONAL
OPINION/WEAKER
THAN MUST
- I think they should
talk to him
- I don’t think they
should keep the
contract
- Do you think we
should tell her about
this?
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8. Fill the blanks with should or shouldn’t
1. Listen to that music! Our neighbors … play music that
loud in this hour.
2.If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, you … go to
dentist.
3.Catherine … keep calling her ex-boyfriend. I think he is
with another girl now.
4.Before going to Korea for your holidays, you … try and
learn the language. You wil enjoy things a lot more.
5.You … always knock on the door before entering. This
is the private office.
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9. Verbs followed by ‘that’ clause
After verbs of thinking:
Think, believe, expect, decide, hope, know,
understand, suppose, guess, imagine, feel,
remember, forget.
- I hope that you will enjoy your holiday.
- She didn’t really think that it would
happen.
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10. Verbs followed by ‘that’ clause
After verbs of saying:
Say, admit, argue, reply, agree, claim, deny,
mention, answer, complain, explain,
promise, suggest.
- They admitted that they had made a
mistake.
- The children complained that they had
nothing to do.
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11. Exercise:
Arrange the following parts to make good
sentences. Add punctuation where necessary.
1. i/that/idea/his/impractical/think/is
2. Understood/i/they/to leave/had/early/that
3. He/he/was/that/wrong/admits
4. Act/that/i/we/quickly/have to/agree
5. No one/do/that/he/else/the
job/thinks/better/can
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12. 12
Thanks!
Any questions?