Vital signs include body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure. Normal body temperature is 98.6°F. Normal pulse for adults is 60-80 beats per minute. Normal respiration for adults is 12-20 breaths per minute. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Conditions like fever, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea, bradypnea, hypotension, and hypertension can indicate potential health problems if vital signs are outside normal ranges. Careful monitoring of the four vital signs is important for assessing patient health and identifying possible issues that require medical attention.
2. What are the vital signs?
1.Body temperature.
2,Pulse rate.
3.Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
4.Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not
considered a vital sign, but is often measured
along with the vital signs.)
3. Body temperature
98.6°F (37°C) Average
97°F (36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C) Normal
range
Normal body temperatures vary depending
on many factors, including a person’s age,
sex, and activity levels
4. Subnormal Temperature 97 F to 95 F
Hypothermia body temperature goes below
95 F
Hyperthermia
In humans, hyperthermia is defined as
a temperature greater than normal range.
99 to 100.9 ranges F
5. TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION
Hypothermia <35.0 °C (95.0 °F)
Normal 36.5–37.5 °C (97– 99°F)
Fever >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
Hyperthermia >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9
°F)
Hyperpyrexia >40.0 or 41.0 °C (104.0 or 105.8 °F
Note: The difference between fever and hyperthermia
is the underlying mechanism. Different sources have
different cut-offs for fever, hyperthermia and
hyperpyrexia.
6. PULSE
Pulse, rhythmic dilation of an artery
generated by the opening and closing of the
aortic valve in the heart. A pulse can be felt
by applying firm fingertip pressure to the skin
at sites where the arteries travel near the
skin's surface.
7. Normal pulse for people at rest
Adult 60 to 80 per minute
Children 80 to 100
Infant 100 to 140
8. Tachycardia:
Fast Heart Rate.
Generally speaking, for adults, a heart rate of
more than 100 beats per minute (BPM) is called
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
is a slower than normal heart rate. For adults, a
heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute
(BPM) is called bradycardia
9. A weak, rapid pulse can mean a state of
shock.
A very rapid slow or irregular pulse could
mean heart trouble
A relatively slow pulse in person with a high
fever may be a sign of typhoid
10. Respiration/Breathing
is the process by which energy is released
from food in our body. The function of
respiratory system is to breathe in oxygen
for respiration producing energy from food,
and to breathe out carbon dioxide produced
by respiration. ...
Gases exchanged are oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
11. Normal range Adult 12-20 per
minute
Infant 30-60 per
minute
Toddler (1 to 3 years) 24 - 40 per
minute
Pre school (3 to 6 years) 22- 34 per
minute
School age (6 to 12 years) 18 -30 per
minute
12. Tachypnea
Tachypnea in adults is breathing more than
20 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea
Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing
rate. A respiration rate below 12 breaths per
minute while resting
13. Breath sound listening
A whistle or wheeze and difficulty in
breathing out can mean Ashthma
A gargling or snoring noise and difficulty in
breathing in an unconscious person may
mean that tongue, mucus or something else
is stuck in the throat and does not let air to
pass.
Attack of sudden breathlessness at night
mean heart attack
14. BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure
is defined as the amount
of pressure exerted on the walls of the
arteries as the blood moves through them.
Normal blood pressure
120/80 mm of Hg
90-139/60-89 mm of Hg normal range
15. Systolic blood pressure
When your heart beats, it squeezes and
pushes blood through your arteries to the
rest of your body. This force
creates pressure on those blood vessels,
and that's your systolic blood pressure.
120
16. When your heart is at rest,
the minimum arterial pressure during
relaxation This force creates pressure on
those blood vessels, and that's Diastolic
blood pressure. 80
17. Hypotension or Low blood pressure
Hypotension. ... A systolic blood pressure of
less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is
generally considered to be hypotension.
Different numbers apply to children.
However, in practice, blood pressure is
considered too low only if noticeable
symptoms are present
18. Hypertension High blood pressure
is defined as a systolic blood pressure
(SBP) of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic
blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or more,
19. BLOOD PRESSURE RANGES
Systolic Diastolic mm of
Hg
Normal 90 -139 60-89
Hypertension stage I 140-159 90-99
Hypertension stage II 160-170 100-109
Hypertension stage III180 & Above 110&
above