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What are arteries?
Arteries are elastic vessels that
transport blood away from the
heart.
Largest is aorta & smallest are
capillaries
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Structure of Arteries
The artery wall consist of three
layers
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Media
Tunica Intima
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What are veins
Veins are elastic vessels that
transport blood to the heart. The
smallest vein is called venules.
Largest vein is vena cava.
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Diagnosis Evaluation
ECG – to determine effects of hypertension
on the heart or presence of underlying heart
disease.
Chest X-ray-may show cardiomegaly.
Proteinuria, elevated serum blood urea
nitrogen, and creatinine levels
S.K+ decrease
Urine for catecholamines increased in
pheochromocytoma.
Renal scan
Ambulatory BP measurements
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Management
Lifestyle modification
Reduce weight and regular aerobic exercise
Reduce dietary intake of sugar
Reduce sodium in diet
DASH diet
Stop smoking, tobacco and alcohol.
Reduce stress
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Nursing Diagnosis
Deficient knowledge regarding the
relationship between the treatment
regimen and control of the disease
process.
Ineffective Therapeutic Regimen
Management related to medication
adverse effects and difficult lifestyel
adjustments.
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Nursing Interventions
Proving Basic Education.
Explain the meaning of HPB
Stress that there can never be total cure, only
control.
Stress the fact that there may be no correlation
between HPB and symptoms.
Have the patient recognized that HTN is
chronic and require persistent therapy and
period evaluation.
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Present a coordination and complementary plan
of guidance-provide information regarding the
total treatment plan.
Explain the pharmacologic control of HTN.
Education the patient to be aware of serious
adverse effects report them immediately.
The dosages are individualized need to be
adjusted
Warn the patient on vasodilating drugs to use
caution in certain circumstances that produce
vasodilation.
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Warn patients that BP is often decreased when
circulating blood volume is reduced.
2. Encouraging self Management.
Enlist the patient’s cooperation in redirecting
lifestyle in keeping with the guidelines of therapy,
acknowledge the difficulty, and provide support and
encouragement.
Develop a plan of instruction for medication self
management.
Instruct the patient regarding proper method of
taking BP at home.
Determined recommended dietary plan and provide
dietary education as appropriate.