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Story of Doha: From Pearl to Knowledge
- 1. STORY OF DOHA Between Pearl, Oil & Knowledge 22nd FEB 2016 Khaled Tamim Nassar
- 2. © Arcadis 2015 Story of A City Called Doha Presentation Goals • Main Elements of Traditional Qatari Architecture • Forces & Features Shaping the City • Trace the Architectural Qatari style since The Oil Boom • Where are we going? • Who will shape the facade of Doha? And How? • Vision for the Future
- 3. PEARL ERA- PRE OIL Up to 1940
- 4. © Arcadis 2015 Pre-Oil • Coastal City (Wadi Al Sail for natural water, defensive topography) • Economy based on Fishing & Pearl Trade • Population 14,000 at 1950 • Most of the population were Qatari tribes, and also Persian, Arab, & African immigrants.
- 5. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Urban Fabric 1940 • Each population living in a separate Fareej. • All mixed at Port, Souq & Mouseq. • All Buildings were low rise, wall to wall.
- 6. © Arcadis 2015 • Strong Social bonds • Security • Ecological & economical benefits Al Fareej (Cluster of Buildings for Extended Families)
- 7. © Arcadis 2015 Conceptual Section of Traditional Qatari House • Dwellings driven by Climate, Culture, Earth Materials & Economy. • Thick Stone & Mud walls • Limited openings to the outdoors • Cooling System (Court yard, Wind towers, Horizontal openings at roof parapet walls) High Temperatures Reaching Over 40C
- 8. © Arcadis 2015 • Court yard houses • Introverted • High degree of family privacy • Inherited building knowledge • Local Material (Palm Trunk, coral, stones and mud) • Eco-Design for desert coastal climate Doha House Pre Oil
- 9. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Elevations – Pearl Era • Wind Towers (Traditional ACs) • Non Symmetrical • Heritage ornaments • Minimal openings to outside, • Mashrabiya (perforated wooden window filter of wind & light)
- 10. OIL ERA The Boom
- 11. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Evolution Dates & Events Shaped Doha 1947-2014 1949 Exporting Oil 1955 Streets, Infrastructure 1960 Electricity, AC 1971 Independence 1970-80 Importing 1995 Open Market 2008 Vision 2030 2010 Wining 2022
- 12. © Arcadis 2015 Gated Communities • Segregated neighborhoods • Foreign Architectural language • Non-homogeneous city façades
- 13. © Arcadis 2015 West Bay Evolution From 1995 to 2014. Less than 20 years!
- 14. © Arcadis 2015 QP Navigation Building – C Ring Abstracting features of Traditional Qatari style start to appear
- 15. © Arcadis 2015 Gulf Times – C Ring
- 16. © Arcadis 2015 Al Fardan Complex – C Ring Traditional Qatari style with new Materials
- 17. © Arcadis 2015 Al Emadi Financial Square – C Ring Minimalist Qatari style start to appear
- 18. © Arcadis 2015 Al Mana Towers – C Ring Modern reinterpretation of Al Wakra Fort
- 19. © Arcadis 2015 LAS, QF Headquarter, Dorms, Student Center, Ceremonial Court Education City
- 20. © Arcadis 2015 LAS – Education City Mashrabiya have enlarged to be the building envelope
- 21. © Arcadis 2015 Wind Towers working as part of HVAC Court yards back roofed by sky lights
- 22. © Arcadis 2015 Student Dorms- Education City “Wind Towers” transformed to “Wind Panels” generating sustainable energy
- 23. © Arcadis 2015 Student Dorms- Local Inspiration - Fanar
- 24. © Arcadis 2015 QF Head Quarter - OMA Pure Abstract Geometry
- 25. © Arcadis 2015 QF Head Quarter - OMA Pixilated facade concept
- 26. © Arcadis 2015 Student Center – Education City - LEGORRETA Abstracting Mashrabiya , new materials (Steel)
- 27. © Arcadis 2015 Student Center – Exterior Elevations
- 28. © Arcadis 2015 Student Center – Courtyard Court yard walls with organic patterns Casting patterns by shade & shadow
- 29. © Arcadis 2015 Student Center – Courtyard Panoramic
- 31. © Arcadis 2015 Burj Doha – Nouvel Dome for city view Inspiration Pigeons Tower
- 32. © Arcadis 2015 Barazan Tower - AEB Reconciliation between Heritage & Modernity Graffiti presented on Facade for the First time
- 33. © Arcadis 2015 *Nominated for Aga Khan Award in 2004
- 34. © Arcadis 2015 Zig Zag Towers – The first Urban Oasis
- 35. © Arcadis 2015 Zig Zag Towers – MZP
- 36. © Arcadis 2015 Zig Zag Towers - Lagoona Mall
- 37. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Elevations – Oil Era • Wind Towers (Symbolic) • Symmetrical • Contemporary Heritage ornaments (Transformed to basic geometry) • Modern Material/ Building techniques • Mashrabiya (Abstract shapes, enlarged scale, varied use ) Ceremonial Court - KEO
- 38. KNOWLEDGE ERA – POST OIL Urban Oasis
- 39. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Regenerated City Center Msheireb
- 40. © Arcadis 2015 Significance of Msheireb • Contemporary- Minimalist Qatari Architectural Style. • Mixed use development for ALL Doha Residences. • Brought back (Courtyards, Al Fareej, Sika, Mashrabiah, Public Urban Spaces)
- 41. © Arcadis 2015 Msheireb – Courtyard utilization
- 42. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Oasis – ARUP, AECOM Vertical Court yards
- 43. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Oasis – Fareej Courtyard Continuous facade
- 44. © Arcadis 2015 Urban Oasis- Public spaces/parks *Bahrain
- 45. © Arcadis 2015 Mall of Qatar - UCC
- 46. © Arcadis 2015 Private Contemporary Oasis- Sanzpont
- 47. © Arcadis 2015 Private Contemporary Oasis- Sanzpont
- 48. © Arcadis 2015 Inspiration & Concept
- 49. © Arcadis 2015 Doha Elevations – Knowledge Era • Wind Towers (Functional Arch Element) • Semi-Symmetrical • Minimalist Heritage ornaments • High Tech Material/ Building techniques • Mashrabiya (Vertical, Horizontal, Movable) • Integrated Court yards with land scape & water features (Urban, Dwelling)
- 50. © Arcadis 2015 Future of Doha Developments & Facades • Ecological sustainability • Renaissance of court yard • Introverted Spaces ¨Urban Oasis¨ • Transport Oriented Development TOD • Embracing Heritage and Culture • Contemporary & high-tech building Materials/Techniques • Constant Urban corridors between developments (NO Gated Compounds)
- 51. © Arcadis 2015 Conclusion Collaborative Efforts • Qatar has the opportunity to approach solid ground for Contemporary Gulf Architectural Style. • By celebrating the vision of 2030 which embraces the culture as well as encourages the human creative spirit. • Consultancies will strive to attain the knowledge, awareness, and responsibility of designing well fabricated developments for the Gulf region and it’s people. • Collective efforts of legislation and regulation need to ensure the vision is within reach.
- 52. Now we have the knowledge, let’s work on it!
Editor's Notes
- Pearl, Oil and knowledge are the pillars of Society and economies of Doha and shaped its façades and urban fabric This Narration of the City tale will lets know its past and where its coming from, and that will explain where are we standing Today by understanding the building trends of our time and finally the past and the present analysis will give us the write tools to predict the future vision of Future Doha façads and Architectural style.
- What are those Elements and the reasons of their being. Forces as economy, legislations, immigration and technology
- At 1925 Japanese Pearl Farming have effected the Gulf market including Doha massively. This and The World economical recession forced a lot of Doha residence to move out and this dropped the population from 50 thousands to almost 12 thousands at early 1930
- Separate but urbany connected to each other. And all Sikas (Alleys) are leading to main Hub of the city
- All the inherited building techniques and local earth materials were developed through the years to accommodate comfortable Dwelling atmosphere and appropriate layout of though of everyday life of the Gulf people at that time
- Features of Qatari house.
- Oil was discovered before that but its only after the finish of WW2 until the Oil extraction industry was able to be established in Qatar . From this and pearl planting we see how the world was connected and effected deeply by each other even at that stag. 1971 also completion of Port of Doha and the start of Mass importing of materials and Labor forces to Doha. Also a new constitution and in later stage the start of written regulation and lows for built environment. 1995 the time of Shiekh Hamad and he lunched a strategy of open market to attract investors and to Goblize Doha as Economical, Media, Sport, Culture and Political Hub of the region and Arab and Islamic world.
- Why the Walls is it for security? Or to hide such Arch patterns behind it. This different presentation and research but. These Gated community have blocked the flow of countous public space for the first time in doha. As well as bringing strange Arch façades to the city interface
- From Mid 1990s to 2014 less than 20 years!
- Minimalist Qatari style start to appear
- Al wakra Fort, projections, strips, the saw top reinterpretation
- Mashrabiya were enlarged and become an envelope over the whole building. Reduce the solar heat reaching the façades and filter the direct sun rays into the interior space as traditional mashrabiah It’s the main cahrecter of the building in day light and at night with yellow artificial lighting.
- Court yard back roofed by large sky lights, wind towers are their bringing artificially the fresh Air to the Central AC system.
- The wind towers become wind panels which generate power as well as bringing some light brezzes.
- Pure abstract geometry
- Pixilated facade concept.
- Abstracting Mashrabiya , new materials (Steel)
- reinterputation of Islamic mahrabia concept
- Gradual dense of pattern according to solar study. The top kept for city view Amazing dome also from Islamic culture. Interior is decorated be shade and shadows of mish as well as structural system that is seen from the elevations as well. Inspiration Penguin Tower
- Reconciliation between Heritage and Modernity. The foundation of our modernity lunched from or Culture Graffiti at elevations
- Brought back and reinterpreted these elements to our contemporary era
- Duble skin, attached cluster of building, vertical court yard
- The concept from eden gardens in britain. But for the opsite reason. People to enjoy and utilize puplic parks during summer time
- In 6 years from more than 4 billion ppl will be focusing in Qatar global event 2022. What we do know will be part of what their going to see and will stay a heritage for generations to come. Eithier be regulating or designing or constructing or supplying. Lets all to be proud of that moment by participating effectively Together Today.