Design will save the world
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Can design really save the world? This lecture examines the problems and opportunities in this topical debate.
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Design will save the world
- 1. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD FOOL’S ERRAND OR GENUINE PLAUSIBILITY CONTEXT
- 2. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 RECAP: DISCIPLINES AND BOUNDARIES The boundaries between design disciplines, technology and the human experience are converging. This will require a trans- disciplinary approach to redefine existing and new problems and scenarios. RECAP
- 3. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 At the lowest levels are components and products. These represent the types of design problems that exist in simple societies like this in the early [twentieth century]. At the upper levels are system-level problems (demanding related products or activities) and community-level problems (involving related systems). Design problems at these higher levels are characteristic of complex postindustrial societies like the one we live in. CHANGING CREATIVE LANDSCAPE: “ ”McCoy & Heller (eds.), 2005, P.15-16
- 4. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SUSTAINABILITY Design is one of the key strategies in tackling global issues. Left: Vertical farming is a hot topic today as cities embrace ways to reduce carbon footprint and create sustainable practices. Source: http://www.propertyguru.com.sg/lifestyle/article/4/singapore-a-sustainable-city-of-the-future RECAP: THE FUTURE RECAP
- 5. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 DEFINITION AND CONTEXT What a loaded statement… • What is the definition of ‘design’? • What is the definition of ‘the world’? • What problem are we ‘saving’? Not defining ambiguity results in rhetoric [1] CONTEXT 1. Rhetoric - language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect, but which is often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content.
- 6. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 DEFINING THE DESIGN CONUNDRUM: First, design is a field or discipline. Second, design is an action or process. Third, design is a concept, proposal or plan. Finally, the outcome of a design is also called a design. Chick & Micklethwaite, 2011, P.15 Design for Sustainable Change “ ” CONTEXT
- 7. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 FIELDS WITHIN DESIGN IN THE BROADEST TERM Because not one single discipline or field is enough to solve global issues. Applied Arts Design Architecture Automotive Design Benchmarking Design Communication Design Engineering Design Environmental Design Environmental Graphic Design Education Design Fashion Design Game Design Sound Design Systems Architecture Systems Design Systems modelling Transition Design Urban Design User Experience Design Visual Design Web Design Lighting Design Modular Design Information Architecture Design Industrial Design Instructional Design Interaction Design Interior Design Landscape Architecture Multimedia Design Product Design Process Design Service Design Software Design CONTEXT
- 8. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 PROBLEMS NEEDING ‘SAVING’: Thematic problems: Poverty, Education, Famine, Inequality, Corruption, Opportunity, War, Conflict, Destruction, M.A.D., Carbon Emissions, Fossil Fuels, Finite resources, Deforestation, Agriculture, Pollution, Waste management, rising sea levels, loss of wildlife and many more. CONTEXT
- 9. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 THE TANGIBLE PROBLEM: ’20% of the people in developed nations consume 86% of the world's resources’ (UN Food and Agriculture Association, 2003) thereby inferring this gross inequality is a cause of many global issues we face. CONTEXT
- 10. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 CONTEXT THE PROBLEMS CREATED BY DESIGN: …as much as 90% of a product’s environmental impact is fixed during the design stage. Ann Thorpe, 2010, P.7 Design’s Role in Sustainble Consumption, Vol. 2 … by creating a whole new species of permanent garbage to clutter up the landscape, and by choosing materials and processes that pollute the air we breathe, designers have become a dangerous breed. Victor Papanek, 1985, P. IX Design for The World - Human Ecology and Social Change 80 percent of products are discarded after a single use and 99 percent of materials used are discarded in the first six weeks. Bhamra & Lofthouse, 2007, P.6 Design for Sustainability “ ” “ ” ” “
- 11. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY: …development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 Our Common Future “ ” DEFINITION
- 12. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 HISTORY EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABILITY: The evolution of sustainability has been described as a series of three waves, with peaks and troughs of activity, that contribute to the momentum we see today. Bhamra & Lofthouse, 2007, P.8 Design for Sustainability “ ”
- 13. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SUSTAINABILITY IN THE 1960s and 1970s Designers and architects became ware of the impact and effects of design and started a discourse on the subject matter. Left: Buckminster Fuller, architect, systems theorist, author, designer and inventor; Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth in 1969. Right: Victor Papanek, Design for The Real World, 1972 where he discusses the roles and responsibilities of the designer. HISTORY
- 14. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SUSTAINABILITY IN LATE 1980S and 1990s Authors and theorists such as Ezio Manzini (The New Frontiers - Design Must Change and Mature, 1990) and Dorothy Mackenzie (Green Design: Design for The Environment, 1991) pushed for a new wave of sustainability in the late 1980s and early 1990s that launched a more intense focus on recycled materials. HISTORY
- 15. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 TODAY Clockwise: Interlock Table - Bio-degradable, no toxin and sourced from well managed resources; Light reading chandelier - no toxin, recycled and recyclable; Garbino Storage container - biodegradable, recycled; Light emitting tiles - Low energy; Woodshell Bioplastic Computer - Well managed resources; Wedge racer - sourced from well managed resources; ECO-DESIGNS FROM THE 2000s
- 16. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 Screenshot from the web: https://www.google.com.sg/search?q=eco+graphic+design&espv=2&biw=1014&bih=637&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ve d=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIvrzT0YfWxwIVUgqOCh152Qep#imgrc=_ Accessed: 01/09/15 ECO-FRIENDLY GRAPHIC DESIGN TODAY
- 17. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 PROBLEM MISSING THE POINT: …designers were not typically asking for substantial change in lifestyles, rather they were seeking less resource intensive production and consumption methods to facilitate existing lifestyles. Ann Thorpe, 2010, P.4 Design Issues: Volume 26, Number 2, Spring 2010 “ ”
- 18. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 Human Centred Design allows designers to understand people to create effective lifestyle changes that minimise disruption of lives. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBu1kkSCHfs Accessed: 01/09/2015 TRANS-DISCIPLINARITY: SOLUTION
- 19. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SUSTAINABILITY: URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE NOT ALWAYS ABOUT RECYCLING: Dave Sarti’s small house home tackles escalating property prices while addressing land shortage issues in Seattle. Coupled with energy efficient fittings, it makes the house truly sustainable. SOLUTION
- 20. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 Vertical Farming, Singapore SUSTAINABILITY: ADDRESSING FOOD PRODUCTION SOLUTION
- 21. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 Wool and Prince, Shirts that do not need washing for 100 days straight. SUSTAINABILITY: CHANGING HABITS SOLUTION
- 22. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SOLUTION How the Dutch got their cycling paths. SUSTAINABILITY: SOCIAL CHANGE
- 23. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN: Graphic design is flexible and adaptive enough to collaborate with other disciplines (multi and trans- disciplinary) to define new problems or issues and find solutions that encourage lifestyle changes of the privileged. SOLUTION
- 24. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 SUMMARY • Sustainability is not just about recycling. It is also about changing attitudes and lifestyles that have an impact to global or local problems. • Success in sustainability comes from understanding the user audience and how it can improve their lives with minimal disruption. • Any attempt at sustainability should include a simultaneous top-down and bottom-up approach. • Graphic design can play many roles in sustainability and it can also be the voice for and of change. SUMMARY
- 25. DESIGN WILL SAVE THE WORLD BA2S1CCS5 TAKING ACTION: The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men [and women] to do nothing. John F. Kennedy Paraphrasing Edmund Burke “ ” SUMMARY
Editor's Notes
- What problems designers face. How designers may tackle them. Design viewed not as a single item or product but a system level process from beginning to end.
- And we also looked at how problems or issues are getting more complex that require design to work at the inter, multi and trans-disciplinary level. We also looked at how one discipline alone cannot solve the world’s problems.
- Design is in demand and now one of the key proponents used to tackle complex problems global issues - social, economic, cultural, environmental etc and designers are now more than ever, concerned with the word sustainability. which leads up to today’s topic. Design is the hero that saves the day. Re-align statement and contextualise the lecture scope Without the two, any work cannot be thoroughly investigated and can easily be irrelevant.
- The statement is so vague that it needs to be defined and contextualised to make sense Advise each of you to define and contextualise any subject before starting ambiguity will only result in rhetorical answers
- First define what design means Look into what can design mean in terms or practice
- Not one discipline has the breadth or capacity to effect a remarkable change. There will not be one single magic bullet solution that will solve the problem. It will require many fields to work together to produce long term solutions.
- The world faces many problems all at once. There is no one single problem but a series of problems inter-linked and intertwined. However there is one stark issue that strings many other problems together.
- Contextualise to work against everyone in the class And as Ghandi once said “Earth provides every man’s needs but not every man’s greed”
- As designers we are responsible for many of the world’s problems. Imagine the paper waste in landfills, trees cut down and carbon emissions from our work… So it brings us to the next part - understanding the development of sustainability But before we go into the developments of sustainability, we define what it means
- 1960’s and 1970s late 1980s until mid 2000s Today
- 1960s and 1970s the ideas of sustainability were first put forward by academics/practitioners they discussed the impact and effects of design and started a discourse that was the pre-cursor of sustainability For example:
- Academics in the late 80s and 90s called for radical changes that eventually affected into the mainstream. In the industry, there was a more intense focus on using considering the design, production, distribution and disposal/recycling of objects. Today the idea of using recycled objects and things is well engrained into the mainstream
- Examples of projects that take into consideration of the cradle to grave scenario - from creation to end.
- Theres just one fundamental problem. We cannot keep producing without acknowledging one critical problem. Real change comes from changing the lifestyle of the 20%. Many people think that recycling alone is enough, yet if we really question the premise Merely replacing existing products with well thought out recyclable materials does not address the real problem Does not address the issues of excess Products still end up in the landfill, energy is still wasted on making these disposable things etc.
- For truly sustainable design, it has to offer a change in lifestyle and consumption patterns whilst integrating and considering a product’s design, production, distribution and disposal.
- Understanding the issues surrounding people. Appreciating that local situations require local solutions - no one size fits all idea. Its designing an object that fits their needs while still being sustainable. That there are other forms of sustainability as well. Eventually the sum of parts can have a big enough effect to create change.
- It may not be as applicable in Singapore but the ideas put across can be translated. Having a smaller footprint means less consumption on the overall. And it frees up land that can be used for better purposes.
- Ripple effect from vertical farming can lead to big changes A part of the sum of the parts.
- Think about how much water, electricity, detergent it would save? If everyone practised just 10% of this in their daily routine, how much would that accumulate to?
- Finally design can affect a social change too. Although the story of Holland’s cycling culture is one of situationism, imagine if designers could actually work together to effect such a change. Imagine what effects it would have.
- It also means that you can just work on the recycling stuff showed or embed this into your working process. To sum it up and something for you all to think about this quote: