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KENDRA APPELMAN-EASTVEDT
Longmont, Colorado  Phone: 303.827.3434  Cell: 404.822.6732  Email: kendra.eastvedt@gmail.com
Formal Education
ColoradoState University, Fort
Collins, Graduated – May2016:
Master of Arts, Political Science
GPA – 3.935
Areas ofconcentration:
Environmental Politics andPolicy,
Public Policyand Administration,
and American Politics
Graduate Professional Paper:
Defining Social Sustainability Policy
in Fort Collins Colorado: How Does
ClimateWise 2.0 Measure Up?
California State University, Long
Beach:
Bachelor of Arts, Communications
Professional Experience
Colorado State University  August 2014 – May2016
Department of PoliticalScience,1782 Campus Delivery, Clark C346,Fort Collins, CO 80523
Graduate Teaching Assistant:Responsible for gradingpapers, tests, and assignments, andfor assisting
students. Dutiesvarieddepending oninstructor;however, all positions requiredholdingoffice hours
weeklyfor student access. Additionally, most positions required leading classinthe instructor’s absence
and/or hostingstudysessions, and in some cases, guest lecturing in areas ofexpertise.
 Technology: Stata statistical software and proprietaryprograms for tracking student attendance,
assignments, grades, etc.
City of Fort Collins Utilities Department  May2015 – August 2015
200 W. MountainAvenue, P.O. Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522
Community Engagement Team Intern: Client outreachand scheduling of presentations were primary
duties. Support providedfor ClimateWise 2.0 (Cityof Fort Collins UtilitiesDepartment’s Sustainability
Policy) internal team meetings and client orientationmeetings. Lose-a-Watt Program (http://lose-a-
watt.com/) presentations were scheduled and deliveredfor both department staffandclientele.
 Technology:Proprietarysoftware designedfor the Cityof Fort Collins.
Front Range Community College, Boulder County Campus  April 2007 – July2014
2190 Miller Drive, Longmont, CO 80501
Program Assistant I – Student Services: Provideda varietyof support andproject management expertise
to the campus’ Deanof Student Services and to the campus’ Student Services Teammore broadly. Also
responsible for coordination andexecution of annual commencement ceremony. Additionally, managed
Conduct Code ViolationandStudent of Concernreports, and coordinated, scheduled, andtrackedall
decisions pertaining to College Wide Student Appeals, as well as the handlingof special projects as
requested bythe DeanandStudent Services managers. Other responsibilities includedthe creationof,
and annualupdatesto, the Student Services department’s businesscontinuityplan. Budgeting
management was requiredfor DeanandCommencement accounts;budget oversight was required for all
Student Services’ accounts. Also served as Program Assistant to the Vice President during tenure.
 Technology:Microsoft Visio, as wellas a varietyof proprietarysoftware designed for the college
for the purposes oftrackingstudent discipline/concern cases;creatingCollege or Campus Wide
email communications to students;creatingschedules or catalogs;trackingstudent attendance,
grades, etc.
 Awards:President’s Award2007/2008;OutstandingClassified Staff Award 2010/2011;Vice
President’s Award 2013/2014
The Bankers Bank  July1995 – April 2007
2410 Paces FerryRoad, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339
Vice President, Operations: ManagedOperations Support Unit that providedcorrespondent products and
services to over 1,000 client relationships. Providedleadership to all department subordinates;
responsible for internal andexternal communications and marketing, project management, audit and
compliance for the department;andsharedaccountabilityfor establishingbudgetaryguidelines and
meetingoverall departmental goals and objectives. Alsoserved as the department’s Disaster Recovery
Incident Management Team member. Other positions heldduring tenure: Assistant Vice President of
Operations, Special Projects;International and Domestic CurrencyServices Supervisor;International
Services Supervisor;Customer Service Representative.
 Technology:Microsoft Visio, Adobe Acrobat Pro, PageMaker, andPhotoshop;Quark Express;
Snag-It;as well as a varietyof proprietarysoftware for funds transfer, accounting, customer
transactions, database management, etc.
 Created trainingmaterials, procedures and audits for new payment solution’s products while
serving as project manager for the department.
 Employee of the Quarter 2003
Core Competencies
Communications Management
Writing/Editing
Policy Analysis
Project Management
Team Leadership/Team Building
Local and National Politics
U.S. Environmental Policy
Additional Professional
Experience
The Press-Enterprise, Corona
Bureau, Corona, CA – Bureau
Assistant, journalist, photographer
Free-lance Writer, Corona, CA –
Promotional and educational video
scripting
Bank of America, Fountain Valley
and Costa Mesa, CA – Operations
Officer/Proof ProcessingManager
Specialized Training
Graduate of the Georgia Bankers
Association Operations and
Technology School
CommunityBankers Association of
Georgia – Supervisory Skills
Workshop
Kennesaw State University,
Kennesaw, GA –
Effective Business Writing
Leadership Skills for Managers
Project Management
Fundamentals I and II
The Bob Pike Group – Train the
Trainer
LANGUAGES: NATI VE ENGLI SH; SPEAK, READ, AND WRI TE SPANI SH WI TH SOME PROFI CI ENCY
PROFESSI ONAL REFERENCES AND/OR WRI TI NG SAMPLES AVAI LABLE UPON REQUEST
Graduate Research Projects/Policy Analyses
 DEFINING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN FORT COLLINS, COLORADO: HOW DOES CLIMATEWISE 2.0 MEASURE UP? (Professional Paper – Spring 2016):
As globalcommitment to sustainabilityhas waxed and wanedover time, cities withinthe UnitedStates have takenimportant steps to create
and implement sustainabilitypolicies. These actions are often recognized as part ofthe “thinkglobally;act locally” movement. The reasons that
cities pursue sustainabilitypolicies are as variedas the communitiesthemselves;however, certaincharacteristics stand out. For instance,
municipalities in the westernU.S. withcouncil-manager forms of government are more likelyto embrace sustainabilityinitiatives, areas with
regional forms of governance are alsostrong contenders, andlarge anddiverse communitieswere foundto surpass their more h omogenous
neighbors. Importantly, extant literature suggests that the third pillar or “E” of sustainabilityhasbeen largelyoverlooked or ignored. This is due
in part to the fact that anaccepteddefinitionof social sustainabilityis generallymissing fromthe dialectic. Throughthe examination of
environmental justice andsocioeconomic theory, appropriate definitionalelements of socialsustainabilitywere developed, andpotential for
impact of a newlyimplemented public policyfocusedon the thirdpillar were measuredwith toolsdesignedspecificallyfor th is analysis. This
case studyobserves the cityof Fort Collins, Colorado, Utilities Department’s ClimateWise 2.0, and specifically, the recent additionof a social
responsibilitycomponent to the existingsustainabilityprogram. As a result, this qualitative examinationdiscusses the policy’s potential for
impact, ideas for improvement, andsuggests a path for future andmore comprehensive research.
 THE ADVOCACY COALITION FRAMEWORK AND PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GRAZING POLICY IN THE AMERICAN WEST (Spring 2016):
This qualitative analysis centers onthe 2014 incident inBunkerville, Nevada, concerning livestock rancher Cliven Bundyandthe Bureauof
Land Management’s failedattempt to confiscate trespassing cattle, as the basisfor a contemporarydiscussion ofgrazing policyinthe American
West. Importantly, the dispute between livestock owners, environmentalists, andthe federal agencies charged withmanagingpublic lands is not
new, nor is ClivenBundyalone inhis rejection of federal grazing laws inthe West. What persists, however, is a pressing problem of contentious
public landmanagement that hasreached anextreme level ofvolatility, andwhat appears to be needed is an urgent plan to resolve thisconflict
in regard to grazing policy. Regrettably, nearlya centuryof legislative efforts have failedto create andimplement programs capable of
protecting fragile rangeland ecosystems. Thisanalysisattempts to tie together the historicalebb and flow of Americangrazing policy, the
persistence of those withenvironmentalconcerns to advocate for conservation, andthe continued resistance oflivestock owners to conformto
federal regulations. Additionally, the AdvocacyCoalition Framework is employedinthis studyof grazingpolicyin the westernU.S.
 POLICY ANALYSIS: URBAN RENEWAL (CLIENT: COLORADO STATE LEGISLATURE) (Spring2015):
Coloradohas embraced redevelopment throughout the state as is apparent in the existence of UrbanRenewal and DowntownDevelo pment
Authoritiesinmost citieswith significant populations andfinancial resources. While this enthusiasm for urbanrenewalis n ot unique to
Colorado, the state has usedfinancial incentives to promote revitalization efforts bymeans of tax-increment financing to the amount of $845.7
milliondollars or $28.05 per capita, secondinthe nationonlyto California. As a result, there are concerns for the financial health of
communitiescreating thislong-term financialencumbrance andfor the state as a whole inthe event ofa severe economic downturn.
Additionally, urbanrenewal has a long historyof creating inequities interms of housing andpublic goods. The process alsoresults inpreferential
treatment for those citizens who are financiallybetter off andmore able to wield political influence. On a larger scale, th e abilityof wealthy
municipalities to incentivize improvements maynegativelyaffect the financial healthof neighboringcommunities. To address these concerns,
this analysis examines the four following policyalternatives:(1) the Status Quopolicy, (2) the Public Hazards proposal whichgreatlyrestricts the
definition of blight, (3) the Pure Public Benefit option whichrestricts blight determination, but alsoconfines redevelopment incentive s to public
goods projects, and (4) anAuthorizedbyVote proposal whichagainrestricts the definition ofblight, but alsorequires cities to pass all funding
proposalsbya pluralityof voters. This analysis recommends that the state legislature draft and pass statutes that restrict blight determination to
that of Public Hazards. While thisoptionis not a panacea for all negative outcomes of urbanrenewal processes, evaluationsuggests that the
Public Hazards proposalwill address manysignificant problems and face the least amount of political resistance.
 COLORADO MEGAFIRES AS FOCUSING EVENTS FOR POLICY CHANGE (Spring2015):
This researchargues that Colorado’s recent megafireshave actedas focusingevents that have spurredpolicymaking bythe state legislature,
the governor, andthe state’s counties and communities. More specifically, thispaper defines how the governor’s Wildfire Insurance andForest
HealthTask Force report fits well withinthe framework of Thomas A. Birkland’s focusingevent theoryof agenda setting andp ublic policy
change. Thisanalysisincorporates Birkland’s concepts as presented inhis 1997 work, After Disaster:Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing
Events, and expanded upon in Lessons of Disaster:PolicyChange after Catastrophic Events, publishedin2006. This examination includes a brief
historyof Colorado’s recent wildfires andthe development ofthe state’s wildland-urbaninterface (WUI);anexplanationof Birkland’s theoryof
focusing events andhow Colorado’s megafires and subsequent governor’s Task Force alignwith thisframework;andfinally, a discussionof
resulting implementationandpotential for successful outcomes. AlthoughBirkland’s previous workcentered onthe federalinstitutional agenda
and Congressinparticular, andfocusedonbothnatural disasters and catastrophes causedbyhumanactions, this line ofstudyis nonetheless
supported. The current state of megafires in Colorado (and much ofthe nation) is the result of naturalconditions that have beenexacerbatedby
humanactions. Therefore, this researchaims to determine if media andpublic focus on the increasing number andseverityof these disasters
known as megafires were able to move the state of Colorado’s Governor andGeneral Assemblyto construct effective public policy.
 IS ROLLOFF SIGNIFICANT IN NONPARTISAN ELECTIONS? BASED ON NEBRASKA’S 2012 GENERAL ELECTION (Fall 2014):
Determining whyaffectedindividuals failto showupat the polls for local elections, or are unlikelyto complete their ballots after makingthe
initial effort to vote, becomes critical to representation inthe UnitedStates as protectedbythe Constitution. Since voter abstention and voter
rolloff (failure to complete the ballot) are closelylinked, consideringthe reasons for one will likelyleadto the reasons for the other. One
important factor that hasbeen connected to voter rolloff is the loss of partisancues inlocalelections. Infact, nonpartisan municipal elections
account for about three-quarters of localizedpublic official contests in the UnitedStates, andmore thanone hundredyears ofpolitical
reasoning explains this trend. The purpose of this quantitative analysis was to measure andconsider voter rolloffinhopes ofdetermining the
reasons whysome Americans fail to vote the whole ballot. This is especiallyimportant whenconsideringraces suchas those for judgeships,
communitysheriffs, andother positions that directlyaffect the dayto daylives of the average citizen. Inshort, these are the officials most
responsible for creating or impedingthe creationof discriminatorypoliciesakinto those being claimedbythe AfricanAmericanresidents of
Ferguson, Missouri, and the BlackLives Matter Movement more broadly. A studyof rolloff mayhelp to assuage this issue in future elections,
therebyimprovingliving conditions for communitiesacross the nation.

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Resume May 2016

  • 1. KENDRA APPELMAN-EASTVEDT Longmont, Colorado  Phone: 303.827.3434  Cell: 404.822.6732  Email: kendra.eastvedt@gmail.com Formal Education ColoradoState University, Fort Collins, Graduated – May2016: Master of Arts, Political Science GPA – 3.935 Areas ofconcentration: Environmental Politics andPolicy, Public Policyand Administration, and American Politics Graduate Professional Paper: Defining Social Sustainability Policy in Fort Collins Colorado: How Does ClimateWise 2.0 Measure Up? California State University, Long Beach: Bachelor of Arts, Communications Professional Experience Colorado State University  August 2014 – May2016 Department of PoliticalScience,1782 Campus Delivery, Clark C346,Fort Collins, CO 80523 Graduate Teaching Assistant:Responsible for gradingpapers, tests, and assignments, andfor assisting students. Dutiesvarieddepending oninstructor;however, all positions requiredholdingoffice hours weeklyfor student access. Additionally, most positions required leading classinthe instructor’s absence and/or hostingstudysessions, and in some cases, guest lecturing in areas ofexpertise.  Technology: Stata statistical software and proprietaryprograms for tracking student attendance, assignments, grades, etc. City of Fort Collins Utilities Department  May2015 – August 2015 200 W. MountainAvenue, P.O. Box 580, Fort Collins, CO 80522 Community Engagement Team Intern: Client outreachand scheduling of presentations were primary duties. Support providedfor ClimateWise 2.0 (Cityof Fort Collins UtilitiesDepartment’s Sustainability Policy) internal team meetings and client orientationmeetings. Lose-a-Watt Program (http://lose-a- watt.com/) presentations were scheduled and deliveredfor both department staffandclientele.  Technology:Proprietarysoftware designedfor the Cityof Fort Collins. Front Range Community College, Boulder County Campus  April 2007 – July2014 2190 Miller Drive, Longmont, CO 80501 Program Assistant I – Student Services: Provideda varietyof support andproject management expertise to the campus’ Deanof Student Services and to the campus’ Student Services Teammore broadly. Also responsible for coordination andexecution of annual commencement ceremony. Additionally, managed Conduct Code ViolationandStudent of Concernreports, and coordinated, scheduled, andtrackedall decisions pertaining to College Wide Student Appeals, as well as the handlingof special projects as requested bythe DeanandStudent Services managers. Other responsibilities includedthe creationof, and annualupdatesto, the Student Services department’s businesscontinuityplan. Budgeting management was requiredfor DeanandCommencement accounts;budget oversight was required for all Student Services’ accounts. Also served as Program Assistant to the Vice President during tenure.  Technology:Microsoft Visio, as wellas a varietyof proprietarysoftware designed for the college for the purposes oftrackingstudent discipline/concern cases;creatingCollege or Campus Wide email communications to students;creatingschedules or catalogs;trackingstudent attendance, grades, etc.  Awards:President’s Award2007/2008;OutstandingClassified Staff Award 2010/2011;Vice President’s Award 2013/2014 The Bankers Bank  July1995 – April 2007 2410 Paces FerryRoad, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339 Vice President, Operations: ManagedOperations Support Unit that providedcorrespondent products and services to over 1,000 client relationships. Providedleadership to all department subordinates; responsible for internal andexternal communications and marketing, project management, audit and compliance for the department;andsharedaccountabilityfor establishingbudgetaryguidelines and meetingoverall departmental goals and objectives. Alsoserved as the department’s Disaster Recovery Incident Management Team member. Other positions heldduring tenure: Assistant Vice President of Operations, Special Projects;International and Domestic CurrencyServices Supervisor;International Services Supervisor;Customer Service Representative.  Technology:Microsoft Visio, Adobe Acrobat Pro, PageMaker, andPhotoshop;Quark Express; Snag-It;as well as a varietyof proprietarysoftware for funds transfer, accounting, customer transactions, database management, etc.  Created trainingmaterials, procedures and audits for new payment solution’s products while serving as project manager for the department.  Employee of the Quarter 2003 Core Competencies Communications Management Writing/Editing Policy Analysis Project Management Team Leadership/Team Building Local and National Politics U.S. Environmental Policy Additional Professional Experience The Press-Enterprise, Corona Bureau, Corona, CA – Bureau Assistant, journalist, photographer Free-lance Writer, Corona, CA – Promotional and educational video scripting Bank of America, Fountain Valley and Costa Mesa, CA – Operations Officer/Proof ProcessingManager Specialized Training Graduate of the Georgia Bankers Association Operations and Technology School CommunityBankers Association of Georgia – Supervisory Skills Workshop Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA – Effective Business Writing Leadership Skills for Managers Project Management Fundamentals I and II The Bob Pike Group – Train the Trainer LANGUAGES: NATI VE ENGLI SH; SPEAK, READ, AND WRI TE SPANI SH WI TH SOME PROFI CI ENCY PROFESSI ONAL REFERENCES AND/OR WRI TI NG SAMPLES AVAI LABLE UPON REQUEST
  • 2. Graduate Research Projects/Policy Analyses  DEFINING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN FORT COLLINS, COLORADO: HOW DOES CLIMATEWISE 2.0 MEASURE UP? (Professional Paper – Spring 2016): As globalcommitment to sustainabilityhas waxed and wanedover time, cities withinthe UnitedStates have takenimportant steps to create and implement sustainabilitypolicies. These actions are often recognized as part ofthe “thinkglobally;act locally” movement. The reasons that cities pursue sustainabilitypolicies are as variedas the communitiesthemselves;however, certaincharacteristics stand out. For instance, municipalities in the westernU.S. withcouncil-manager forms of government are more likelyto embrace sustainabilityinitiatives, areas with regional forms of governance are alsostrong contenders, andlarge anddiverse communitieswere foundto surpass their more h omogenous neighbors. Importantly, extant literature suggests that the third pillar or “E” of sustainabilityhasbeen largelyoverlooked or ignored. This is due in part to the fact that anaccepteddefinitionof social sustainabilityis generallymissing fromthe dialectic. Throughthe examination of environmental justice andsocioeconomic theory, appropriate definitionalelements of socialsustainabilitywere developed, andpotential for impact of a newlyimplemented public policyfocusedon the thirdpillar were measuredwith toolsdesignedspecificallyfor th is analysis. This case studyobserves the cityof Fort Collins, Colorado, Utilities Department’s ClimateWise 2.0, and specifically, the recent additionof a social responsibilitycomponent to the existingsustainabilityprogram. As a result, this qualitative examinationdiscusses the policy’s potential for impact, ideas for improvement, andsuggests a path for future andmore comprehensive research.  THE ADVOCACY COALITION FRAMEWORK AND PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GRAZING POLICY IN THE AMERICAN WEST (Spring 2016): This qualitative analysis centers onthe 2014 incident inBunkerville, Nevada, concerning livestock rancher Cliven Bundyandthe Bureauof Land Management’s failedattempt to confiscate trespassing cattle, as the basisfor a contemporarydiscussion ofgrazing policyinthe American West. Importantly, the dispute between livestock owners, environmentalists, andthe federal agencies charged withmanagingpublic lands is not new, nor is ClivenBundyalone inhis rejection of federal grazing laws inthe West. What persists, however, is a pressing problem of contentious public landmanagement that hasreached anextreme level ofvolatility, andwhat appears to be needed is an urgent plan to resolve thisconflict in regard to grazing policy. Regrettably, nearlya centuryof legislative efforts have failedto create andimplement programs capable of protecting fragile rangeland ecosystems. Thisanalysisattempts to tie together the historicalebb and flow of Americangrazing policy, the persistence of those withenvironmentalconcerns to advocate for conservation, andthe continued resistance oflivestock owners to conformto federal regulations. Additionally, the AdvocacyCoalition Framework is employedinthis studyof grazingpolicyin the westernU.S.  POLICY ANALYSIS: URBAN RENEWAL (CLIENT: COLORADO STATE LEGISLATURE) (Spring2015): Coloradohas embraced redevelopment throughout the state as is apparent in the existence of UrbanRenewal and DowntownDevelo pment Authoritiesinmost citieswith significant populations andfinancial resources. While this enthusiasm for urbanrenewalis n ot unique to Colorado, the state has usedfinancial incentives to promote revitalization efforts bymeans of tax-increment financing to the amount of $845.7 milliondollars or $28.05 per capita, secondinthe nationonlyto California. As a result, there are concerns for the financial health of communitiescreating thislong-term financialencumbrance andfor the state as a whole inthe event ofa severe economic downturn. Additionally, urbanrenewal has a long historyof creating inequities interms of housing andpublic goods. The process alsoresults inpreferential treatment for those citizens who are financiallybetter off andmore able to wield political influence. On a larger scale, th e abilityof wealthy municipalities to incentivize improvements maynegativelyaffect the financial healthof neighboringcommunities. To address these concerns, this analysis examines the four following policyalternatives:(1) the Status Quopolicy, (2) the Public Hazards proposal whichgreatlyrestricts the definition of blight, (3) the Pure Public Benefit option whichrestricts blight determination, but alsoconfines redevelopment incentive s to public goods projects, and (4) anAuthorizedbyVote proposal whichagainrestricts the definition ofblight, but alsorequires cities to pass all funding proposalsbya pluralityof voters. This analysis recommends that the state legislature draft and pass statutes that restrict blight determination to that of Public Hazards. While thisoptionis not a panacea for all negative outcomes of urbanrenewal processes, evaluationsuggests that the Public Hazards proposalwill address manysignificant problems and face the least amount of political resistance.  COLORADO MEGAFIRES AS FOCUSING EVENTS FOR POLICY CHANGE (Spring2015): This researchargues that Colorado’s recent megafireshave actedas focusingevents that have spurredpolicymaking bythe state legislature, the governor, andthe state’s counties and communities. More specifically, thispaper defines how the governor’s Wildfire Insurance andForest HealthTask Force report fits well withinthe framework of Thomas A. Birkland’s focusingevent theoryof agenda setting andp ublic policy change. Thisanalysisincorporates Birkland’s concepts as presented inhis 1997 work, After Disaster:Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events, and expanded upon in Lessons of Disaster:PolicyChange after Catastrophic Events, publishedin2006. This examination includes a brief historyof Colorado’s recent wildfires andthe development ofthe state’s wildland-urbaninterface (WUI);anexplanationof Birkland’s theoryof focusing events andhow Colorado’s megafires and subsequent governor’s Task Force alignwith thisframework;andfinally, a discussionof resulting implementationandpotential for successful outcomes. AlthoughBirkland’s previous workcentered onthe federalinstitutional agenda and Congressinparticular, andfocusedonbothnatural disasters and catastrophes causedbyhumanactions, this line ofstudyis nonetheless supported. The current state of megafires in Colorado (and much ofthe nation) is the result of naturalconditions that have beenexacerbatedby humanactions. Therefore, this researchaims to determine if media andpublic focus on the increasing number andseverityof these disasters known as megafires were able to move the state of Colorado’s Governor andGeneral Assemblyto construct effective public policy.  IS ROLLOFF SIGNIFICANT IN NONPARTISAN ELECTIONS? BASED ON NEBRASKA’S 2012 GENERAL ELECTION (Fall 2014): Determining whyaffectedindividuals failto showupat the polls for local elections, or are unlikelyto complete their ballots after makingthe initial effort to vote, becomes critical to representation inthe UnitedStates as protectedbythe Constitution. Since voter abstention and voter rolloff (failure to complete the ballot) are closelylinked, consideringthe reasons for one will likelyleadto the reasons for the other. One important factor that hasbeen connected to voter rolloff is the loss of partisancues inlocalelections. Infact, nonpartisan municipal elections account for about three-quarters of localizedpublic official contests in the UnitedStates, andmore thanone hundredyears ofpolitical reasoning explains this trend. The purpose of this quantitative analysis was to measure andconsider voter rolloffinhopes ofdetermining the reasons whysome Americans fail to vote the whole ballot. This is especiallyimportant whenconsideringraces suchas those for judgeships, communitysheriffs, andother positions that directlyaffect the dayto daylives of the average citizen. Inshort, these are the officials most responsible for creating or impedingthe creationof discriminatorypoliciesakinto those being claimedbythe AfricanAmericanresidents of Ferguson, Missouri, and the BlackLives Matter Movement more broadly. A studyof rolloff mayhelp to assuage this issue in future elections, therebyimprovingliving conditions for communitiesacross the nation.