The document discusses different types of claddings, how they are used, and their installation requirements. It defines claddings as exterior materials used to provide protection from elements and for aesthetic purposes. It describes common cladding materials like wood, metal, concrete and their application in small unit claddings fixed to structural backings or large panel claddings fixed to structural frames. It provides details on installing different cladding types like tiles, timber boards, brick panels and precast concrete panels according to required load resistance, durability and other construction standards.

1. Claddings
1. What are claddings?
2. Distinction between fixing cladding to a
structural backing & fixing cladding to a
structural frame
3. Illustration of typical profiles for tile
hanging & timber wall cladding cladding
4. Illustration of typical profiles for cladding
to framed structures
5. Discuss requirements for brick panel walls
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2. What are claddings?
• In construction cladding refers to the coating
of one material with another to :
o provide skin or layer to control the infiltration of
elements
o for aesthetic purposes
• There are different types: architectural
cladding, home cladding, roof cladding,
decorative wall cladding, stone cladding,
timber cladding, external wall cladding &
internal cladding
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3. Cladding materials
• Different types of cladding materials are used:
o wood,
o plastic (or vinyl),
o imitation stone or brick,
o Metal
o Precast concrete
o Tile
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4. Cladding fixed to a structural backing
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• Generally considered to be small unit claddings
• Applied for 2 reasons:
o Where the structural wall is unable to provide
adequate barrier to the elements
o As a decorative feature to break monotony of large
plain area of a single material
• Materials used are: slates, shingles, timber
boarding, plastic boards & stone facings
• Generally fixed to timber battens fixed to
structural backing
• Stone & similar materials require special
mechanical fixings

5. Tile hanging
• Can be ordinary or special type of tiles but
having a patterned bottom edge solely for
decoration
• Tiles hung & fixed to tiling battens
• Battens should be impregnated to prevent
fungal & insect attack
• Battens anticipated life must be comparable
to that of tiles
• Each tile should be nailed twice to its support
batten with corrosion resistant nails of
adequate length
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6. Timber claddings
• Usually in the form of moulded or shaped
boards
• Laid as horizontal & vertical cladding
• Require regular maintenance to preserve
resistance to elements
• Softwoods are generally painted & further
repainted at intervals of 3-5 years depending
on exposure
• Hardwoods are sometimes treated with
preservatives & left to bleach naturally
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7. Typical tile hanging & timber cladding
profile
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8. Cladding to framed structures
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• Extensive methods are available:
o Panel masonry construction between columns &
beams
o Light infill panels of metal or timber
o Precast concrete panels
o Curtain walling
• This lecture will focus on brick panel &
concrete cladding

9. Brick panel walls
• No-load bearing but must fulfill the following:
o Adequate resistance to elements
o Adequate strength for dead & imposed loads
o Adequate strength to resist both positive and
negative wind pressures
o Provision of sound & thermal insulation
o Adequate fire resistance
o Adequate durability
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10. overhangs
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11. Treatment at edge beam
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12. Brick panel walls cont’d
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• Must be supported at each structural floor level & tied
to the structure at vertical edges
• Panel projection in front of the structural member
permissible
• Overhangs should not impair the structural stability of
the panel wall
• Acceptable limits for projections =T/3 where T is wall
thickness
• Top edge of the panel wall must not be rigidly pinned
to the frame to accommodate expansion of brick panel
& frame shrinkage
• A compression joint required between the top edge of
the brick panel & underside framing member at each
floor level

13. Tying the brick panel to the vertical structural
members
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• The two methods are:
o Butterfly wall ties-cast in the concrete column &
built into brick joints @ 4 course intervals
o Galvanized pressed steel-dovetail slots cast into
the concrete column & dovetail anchors used to
form the tie

14. Facings to brick panels
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• Durable face bricks with a neat pointed joint
are used to achieve acceptable finish
• Stone or similar cladding may also be attached
to the face of common bricks
• Considerations in determining the method of
fixing face bricks to the brick backing:
o Load transfer to structure e.g. corbels
o Tying back the facing units e.g. various non ferrous
fixing devices called cramps

15. Concrete claddings: functional requirements
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• Designed & installed to fulfill the following
functions:
o Self supporting between framing members
o Resistance to penetration by natural elements
o Resistance to positive & negative wind pressures
o Required degree of fire resistance
o Required degree of thermal insulation
o Required degree of sound insulation

16. Undersill or apron cladding panels
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• Designed to span from column to column
• Provide seating for windows located above
• Levelling carried out by wedging & packing
from the lower edge before fixing dowels &
grouting

17. Typical Undersill or apron cladding panel profiles
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18. Storey height concrete cladding panels
• Designed to span vertically from beam to
beam
• Can be fenestrated if required
• Levelling carried out by wedging & packing
from floor level before fixing by bolts or
grouted dowels
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19. Typical storey height cladding panel profile
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20. Concrete surface finishes
• Consistent colour is impractical from the
mould or formwork since colour is affected by
cement & fine aggregate used
• Concrete surface texture can be affected by:
oaggregate grading
ocement content
owater content
odegree of compaction
opin holes from air pockets
orough patches from formwork
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21. Concrete surface finishes cont’d
• Textured & applied finishes:
o primary function is to improve appearance
o the secondary function is to restrict the amount of
water reaching the vertical joint
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22. references
Chudley R. & Greeno R.(2010) Building Construction
Handbook, Elsevier, London
Chudley R. Greeno R., Hurst M. &Topliss S. (2011)
Construction Technology 5th Ed. Pearson Educational, UK
Grobellaar A (2013) Building Construction & Graphic
Standards, Anglo- Rand, South Africa
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