The Human Brain & MORE
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GCDS Presentation for 9th Graders, Accompanying Sheep Brain Dissection, 5/30/2018
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The Human Brain & MORE
- 1. THE HUMAN BRAIN & MORE AN INTRODUCTION & DISSECTION MAY 30, 2018
- 3. THE BRAIN IS AMAZING: 3 LBS OF MAGIC! (>100 BILLION NERVES) • THINKING (COGNITION) • EMOTION • MEMORY • JUDGEMENT • PERSONALITY (“SPIRIT”) • AND ….. SIMPLE THINGS YOU DON’T THINK ABOUT: BREATHING, HEART RATE, SLEEP
- 6. AN OVERVIEW OF TODAY • PARTS OF THE BRAIN & WHAT THEY DO • THE SPINAL CORD: a very brief mention • DERMATOMES • DISEASES THAT AFFECT BRAIN • KEEPING YOUR BRAIN HEALTHY
- 7. BRAIN SURROUNDINGS • Menginges & arachnoid space • Pia mater • Dura mater • Skull
- 8. BRAIN REGIONS • CEREBRUM • The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells, responsible for thinking and voluntary activity • BRAIN STEM (MEDULLA, PONS & MIDBRAIN) • Between the spinal cord and remainder of the brain • Responsible for things you don’t “think” about – breathing, sleep • CEREBELLUM • At the base of the & back of the brain • Responsible for coordination, balance
- 9. CEREBRUM • Largest part of the brain • Divided into R and L hemispheres • Corpus callosum – white matter fibers that join the two hemispheres • The cerebrum is divided into lobes by sulci
- 10. CEREBRUM: LOBES • Frontal lobe: problem solving and judgment and motor function • Parietal lobe: sensation, handwriting, and body position • Temporal lobe: memory and hearing • Occipital lobe: visual
- 11. CEREBRUM: GREY VS. WHITE MATTER • Gray matter: the outermost layer of the cortex, composed of gyri & sulci • White matter: the area underneath the cortex are nerve “axons” which are coated in “myelin” which speeds nerve conduction • Of course, the brain is more complicated …
- 12. CEREBRUM IS DIVIDED FURTHER …. • The cerebrum is further divided into the telencephalon & diencephalon • telencephalon consists of the cortex, the subcortical fibers, and the basal nuclei • the telencephalon is very developed in humans • diencephalon mainly consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus
- 13. THE LIMBIC SYSTEM • The limbic system is a grouping of cortical and subcortical structures involved in memory & emotion. • The limbic system allows for complex interactions between the cortex, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the brainstem. The limbic system is not defined by strict anatomic boundaries but incorporates several important structures.
- 14. SPINAL CORD: A WORD ON DERMATOMES
- 15. DISEASES OF THE BRAIN • brain injuries, such as concussions • cerebrovascular injuries, such as aneurysms or strokes • brain tumors, such as acoustic neuromas or schwannomas • neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease • psychological conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia
- 16. KEEPING YOUR BRAIN HEALTHY: DR. MARION DIAMOND • DIET • EXERCISE • NEWNESS • CHALLENGE • LOVE
- 17. “WE ARE WHAT WE THINK. ALL THAT WE ARE ARISES WITH OUR THOUGHTS. WITH OUR THOUGHTS, WE MAKE THE WORLD.” ~ BUDDHA
Editor's Notes
- My goal is to introduce you to the wonder of the brain. This is best done by my own college professor, world-renowned Dr. Marion Diamond from U.C. Berkeley. She just passed away last July - and I know she would be very proud to hear her work mentioned here. NOV 5, 2007 - In 1960, Diamond became the first female faculty member in Cal’s science department, achieving full professorship in 1974. She still teaches anatomy with her 81st birthday two weeks away. - Diamond, a professor of anatomy at UC Berkeley, determined that the brain can stay young through stimulation, which can be achieved through her five-point plan: diet, exercise, challenge, newness and tender loving care. - Using her plan, how is she challenged? - “Every student who sits in that chair,” she said, pointing across the desk in her fifth-floor office in the Life Sciences Building on campus. “They come in here asking questions, and you better have the answers.” - What newness, then, is in her life? - “I have grandchildren,” she said. “What could be better, deciding new things for them, to stimulate their brains.” - She has four children, four grandchildren and a husband, Arnold Scheidel, who teaches anatomy at UCLA. They see each other on school weekends, - Diamond feels her own brain growing… She is in part responsible for my going to medical school)!
- Midbrain. The midbrain helps control eye movement and processes visual and auditory information. Pons. This is the largest part of the brain stem. It’s located below the midbrain. It’s a group of nerves that help connect different parts of the brain. The pons also contains the start of some of the cranial nerves. These nerves are involved in facial movements and transmitting sensory information. Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brain. It acts as the control center for the function of the heart and lungs. It helps regulate many important functions, including breathing, sneezing, and swallowing.
- The thalamus acts as a kind of relay station for signals coming into the brain. It’s also involved in consciousness, sleep, and memory. The epithalamus serves as a connection between the limbic system and other parts of the brain. The limbic system is a part of the brain that’s involved with emotion, long-term memory, and behavior. The hypothalamus helps maintain homeostasis. This refers to the balance of all bodily functions. It does this by: maintaining daily physiological cycles, such as the sleep-wake cycle controlling appetite regulating body temperature controlling the producing and release of hormones