Thank You for referencing this work, if you find it useful! Reference/Citation to a book chapter: Katarzyna Wac, From Quantified Self to Quality of Life, Book Chapter in "Digital Health - Scaling Healthcare to the World", Health Informatics, Springer Nature, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2017 Note: The chapter has been presented along the following seminar: Katarzyna Wac, From Quantified Self to Quality of Life, Research Seminar: Tracking Experience – Enhancing Lives?, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Apr 2017. http://ccc.ku.dk/calendar/2017/tracking-experience-enhancing-lives/

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From Quantified Self to Quality of Life
1,2 Assoc. Prof. Katarzyna Wac
1 Human-Centric Computing, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Quality of Life Technologies lab, University of Geneva, Switzerland
www.qol.unige.ch
@katewac
DIKU
KU Seminar, Tracking Experience – Enhancing Lives?, April 2017

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Tracking Experience –
Enhancing Lives?
Yes, but…
DIKU
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Machines That Sent Man To The Moon (’60s)

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Smartwatch Vision (’80s)

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Today…

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Wearable, anybody?
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Causes of Premature Deaths: Behavioral
Cost of ‘behavioural’ diseases: 47 trillion USD for the
next 20 years (US)
[McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff 2002;21:78-93]
[Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup JS, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004;291:1238-1245]

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QS: “Self-knowledge through numbers”
A movement to leverage ICT to accumulate data
on the individual's behavior, health status, medical conditions and overall well-
being
By the individuals themselves
• Personal insights
• N-in-1 experimentation
Large number of devices (SMEs)
• ‘Colonization phase’
• Immature market
[Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, Wired, 2007]

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QS: Design Principles & Trends
Design Principles
• Miniaturized energy-efficient sensors
• Mobile apps
• Big data
• Data visualization
• Gamification
Trends
• 50% of US population tracks something,
21% via ICT
• 7 bill mobile subscriptions (2014), 10 bill in 2017
• 17 mill wearable bands shipped in 2014,
23 mill by 2015, 45 mill by 2017
• Internet of Things (IoT) economic impact of 2.7-6.2 trill USD in 2025
[Pew Research Center, McKinsey Global Institute, Cisco, Canalys, 2016 - 2017]

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QS Practice Types
• Private
Voluntary, intrinsically motivated
• Pushed
Voluntary, extrinsically motivated (by a person in power)
• Communal
Voluntary competition, social comparison
• Imposed
Consented, e.g., for workplace compliance, law compliance
• Exploited
Involuntary, non-consented tracking of data
DIKU
[Lupton, 2016]
ß our research

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Enhancing Lives: Quality of Life
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159 instruments
[Gill and Feinstein, 1994 ]

13. [WHOQOL group, 1995]
Quality of Life:
“individuals’ perception of their
position in life in the context of the
culture and value systems
in which they live and in relation to
their goals, expectations, standards
and concerns”
Quality of Life by
?%error

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Homero Rivas, Katarzyna Wac, (Eds)
Digital Health - Scaling Healthcare to
the World (Book),
Health Informatics, Springer Nature,
Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2017
(forthcoming).

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Research Approach
• Quantified Self
• What do people track: 609 Videos
• What can people track: 438 mobile/wearable devices/apps (/! weight scales)
• Coded behaviors
• into category
• “nutrition”, “sleep”, etc.
• 192 unique behaviors
• Into QoL domains/facets
DIKU
QoL Domain Facets incorporated within QoL domains CODE
Physical Health Activities of daily living
Dependence on medicinal substances, medical aids
Energy and fatigue
Mobility
Pain and discomfort
Sleep and rest
Work capacity
phy-adl
phy-meds
phy-energy
phy-mobility
phy-pain
phy-sleep
phy-work
Psychological
Health
Bodily image and appearance
Negative feelings
Positive feelings
Self-esteem
Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs
Thinking, learning, memory and concentration
psy-bodyimage
psy-negativefeel
psy-positivefeel
psy-selfesteem
psy-beliefs
psy-thinking
Social relation. Personal relationships
Social support
Sexual activity
soc-relationships
soc-support
soc-sex
Environment Financial resources
Freedom, physical safety and security
Health and social care: accessibility and quality
Home environment
Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills
Participation in/opportunities for recreation/leisure
Physical environ. (pollution / noise / traffic / climate)
Transport
env-finances
env-freedom
env-healthcare
env-home
env-info
env-leisure
env-environ
env-transport

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What do people track?
From QuantifiedSelf community Vinemo channel
From 1006 available videos:
609 videos coded –
had some meaningful title/
Description and presented
Individual self-tracking
Experience
(other videos: commercial
Product presentation, ethics,
Visionary, summarizing trends,
Intro to some meetup etc.)
Years:
2008-2016
[http://quantifiedself.com/topics/videos/]

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What can people track?
Wearable list from Vandrico.com website
From 438 available wearables
438 wearables coded –
All have meaningful
Description
Years:
2001-2017 (forthcoming)
90% after 2008
[http://vandrico.com/wearables/]

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QS Talks: What do people track?
Behavior Self-tracking Projects Focus
physical activity (97 talks) and nutrition (72), weight (47), sleep (47), productivity (31), emotions (28)
…flossing teeth, exposure to light, odd events, lying or flying (1)
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QS Talks: What do people track?
Behavior Self-tracking Projects Focus Change in Time
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QS Technologies: What can people track?
Embedded Sensors/Interaction Elements
accelerometer (209), gyroscope (83), some type of button-based interface (116), touch
interface (73), kinesthetic interface (vibrator, 71) or LCD-based display (70), digital clock
(100), heart rate monitor (82), GPS (78), including microphone (64) and audio speaker (78)
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QS Technologies: What can people track?
Behaviors Tracked/Enabled
physical activity (207), sleep (47), geo-localization (20), phone notifications (57) and phone
controls (44), as well as enable behaviors or novel form of interactions (e.g., gesture) with
connected objects (29) and/or communications (17)
… eating, foot pressure, urinary infections and dreaming
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QS Technologies: What can people track?
Positioning on the Body
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QS Technologies: What can people track?
Timeline for the Diversity of Sensors & Behaviors & Positioning on
the Body
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≤2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2017
2016
positioning on a bodyraw sensors tracked/enabled behavior

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QS Technologies: What can people track?
Positioning on the Body & Behaviors
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QoL Coding
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QoL Domain Facets incorporated within QoL domains CODE
Physical Health Activities of daily living
Dependence on medicinal substances, medical aids
Energy and fatigue
Mobility
Pain and discomfort
Sleep and rest
Work capacity
phy-adl
phy-meds
phy-energy
phy-mobility
phy-pain
phy-sleep
phy-work
Psychological
Health
Bodily image and appearance
Negative feelings
Positive feelings
Self-esteem
Spirituality/religion/personal beliefs
Thinking, learning, memory and concentration
psy-bodyimage
psy-negativefeel
psy-positivefeel
psy-selfesteem
psy-beliefs
psy-thinking
Social relation. Personal relationships
Social support
Sexual activity
soc-relationships
soc-support
soc-sex
Environment Financial resources
Freedom, physical safety and security
Health and social care: accessibility and quality
Home environment
Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills
Participation in/opportunities for recreation/leisure
Physical environ. (pollution / noise / traffic / climate)
Transport
env-finances
env-freedom
env-healthcare
env-home
env-info
env-leisure
env-environ
env-transport

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QS Talks and Technologies vs. QoL
QS Talks: What do people track?
QS Technologies: What can people track?
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27. DIKU

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QS à QoL improvements ?
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Causes of Premature Deaths: Behavioral
Cost of ‘behavioural’ diseases: 47 trillion USD for the
next 20 years (US)
[McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Aff 2002;21:78-93]
[Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup JS, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004;291:1238-1245]

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evidence
?
[G. Wolf and K. Kelly, Wired, 2007; Wac, IMIA 2012; Wac, SAA 2013; Wac, AAAI, 2014]
%error
[Wac, QuantifiedSelf for Quality of Life, “Digital Health” book 2017]