It's a case study heritage site (Peerak) which is located in BALOCHISTAN.

1. HERITAGE
 KASHIF WAHID
 50533
 6TH SEMESTER
 BUITEMS , QUETTA

2. Heritage of
Balochistan
PIRAK

3. PIRAK
 Pirak is an archaeological site
belonging to the Indus Valley
Civilization.

4. PIRAK
 PERIOD : Post-Harappan period or
Neolithic period.
 The results of Pirak excavations are
extremely valuable for understanding
and interpreting different stages of
post-Harappan occupational deposits.
 This is so far the only example of its
kind in the northern part of Kacchi
plain.

5. LOCATION
 Balochistan, Pakistan.
 It is 20 km south of Sibi east of
the Nari River.

7. AREA
 The mound is 8m high and covers
approximately 12 acres (49,000 m2).
 The area is sandy and dry but the
alluvial soil is extremely fertile with
ample scope and possibility of
irrigation.

8. EXCAVATION
 The site of Pirak was first reported by
Robert Raikes in 1963.
 It was excavated, between 1968 and
1974, before the well known sites
of Mehrgarh or Nausharo by the
French archaeological mission team
led by Jean Marie Casal.
 According to the excavator, this site
was occupied from c.1800 BCE to 800
BCE.

10. HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
 The historical importance of this site in
the South Asia is because of its very
early horse remains.
 Also, the site has some very early
ironwork and iron artifacts.

11. ARCHITECTURE,
MATERIAL, CULTURE
The excavator records three phases of
unbroken occupation in Safi Pirak.

12. FIRST PERIOD
 The first period, assignable to c.16-17th
centuries BCE.
 In the first period, structures of unburnt
brick associated with a large platform
were found.

13. FIRST PERIOD
 A major part of the pottery was a coarse
ware decorated with applique bands
and fingertip impressions, geometric
designs are seen on the red, pinkish or
creamy buff ware on dishes and bowls.
 The pottery contains paintings parallel
to those earlier found in the preceding
culture in this region.

15. FIRST PERIOD
 Both terracotta and unburnt clay figurines of horses and
camels were found, along with numerous bones of both
the species.
 The earliest indubitable evidence of domestic horse
comes from Safi Pirak, during period I (c.1700 BC), well
after Mature Harappan period.
 Other antiquities include circular, square, diamond
and cross button seals of terracotta with raised and
holed back (boss) with crosses and dots appearing
on the seals, copper, flint, bone, ivory and terracotta
objects besides semiprecious beads, bricks of
trapezoidal shape with rounded edge probably used
as firedogs.

18. ARCHITECTURE
 Period I is sub-divided into two viz., A and B.
 Period I A is marked by mud-brick structures of
unbaked clay serving as bases of silos, two small
fireplaces against a wall, a carefully made brick-
built platform of river pebbles near a fireplace and
a massive mud-brick structure.
 Most remarkable feature is the uniform material
culture indicating a homogenous, consistent
social and economic organization which lasted
for such a long time.
 The occupation would point to an agricultural
settlement although a few seals ( of Jhukar style)
suggest some commercial purpose.

20. ARCHITECTURE
 Period I B showed evidence of five phases
of rebuilding and repairing.
 Importantly some of the older buildings
were used as foundation after proper
levelling.
 Mainly wheel-turned pink ware (also noticed
in the preceding level)and the teethed flint
sickle blades, hafted bone points with
incised circlets of antlers of hog deer,
square or rectangular compartmented seals
in copper with cross or dots are particularly
noteworthy.

21. SECOND PERIOD
 The second period also showed a
similar assemblage with large
numbers of terracota and clay
figurines, which include not only
Bactrian camels and horses but also
human figures, including riders.
 Along with numerous tools of copper
and bronze, first pieces of iron are
also found.

24. ARCHITECTURE
 Almost similar material is collected
from Period II but with a marked
change in layout of structures showing
the successive stages of courtyard,
large quadrangular buildings,
postholes and streets in-between the
houses.

25. THIRD PERIOD
 The third period (c.1000-800 BCE)
produced a greater quantity of iron
and a continuation of all the elements
of the earlier periods.
 Along with three varieties and two
varieties of barley, rice and sorghum
were also found here, which is the first
recorded appearance of these two
cereals in this region.

26. ARTEFACTS
 In addition to pottery items, wheeled
camel figures (terracotta) as
per Harappan tradition were also
found at Pirak.
 Items made of Iron were also present
in this site.
 Different seals were also found.

29. CULTIVATION
 Rice was cultivated as main crop in
Post urban Pirak and the Kachi Plain
was irrigated.
 A canal was constructed alongside the
settlement of Pirak shows continuation
of irrigation facility in the region.
 Grapes, oats and chickpeas were also
grown at Pirak.

30. MITHRI GRAVEYARD

33. PROTECTION MEASURES
 Balochistan government is taking
measure to protect the centuries old
civilizations sites of the province.
 The provincial government had
allocated Rs 200 million for the
protection of renovation of all heritage
sites in 2019.