Demographic details

1. Demographic
features of
Indian
Population
- Dr. Karishma Chaudhary

4. • The current population of India is 1,381,752,440 as of Tuesday, August 18,
2020, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.
• India 2020 population is estimated at 1,380,004,385 people at mid year
according to UN data.
• India population is equivalent to 17.7% of the total world population.
• India ranks number 2 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by
population.
• The population density in India is 464 per Km2 (1,202 people per mi2).
• The total land area is 2,973,190 Km2 (1,147,955 sq. miles)
• 35.0 % of the population is urban (483,098,640 people in 2020)
• The median age in India is 28.4 years.

5. At independence-
• In India at the time of independence Life expectancy at birth was 32,
• Literacy rate -18%
• Poverty Ratio: 50 % of population was below poverty line

6. • https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/india-
demographics/#u5-infa-title

7. Population density Map
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/India_popul
ation_density_map_en.svg

12. Population growth implications
• unbalanced population (north – south,
urban – rural)
• strategic asset for India: innovation, army,
etc.
•growing demand in
jobs,
schools,
opportunities,
resources.

13. Population growth implications
• gender discrimination – ‘gendercide’, ‘foeticide’
• child marriages (for protection, debt cancellation,
capture, etc.)
• girl = somebody else’s wealth
• migration, ‘trafficking’, of women
• Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.13 m/f
15-64 years: 1.07 m/f
65 years and over: 0.9 m/f
total population: 1.08 m/f

14. Literacy Rate in India

15. • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territ
ories_by_literacy_rate

17. Literacy Map of India(2011 Census)

21. Infant Mortality rate

23. Life
expectancy

25. Life Expectancy

26. • Fertility in India
• A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level
Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each
generation to exactly replace itself without needing international
immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to
decline
• PREGNANT_WOMAN TOTAL FERTILIY RATE (TFR)
• 2.2(Live Births per Woman, 2020)

28. ear Population
Yearly %
Change
Yearly
Change
Migrants (net) Median Age Fertility Rate Density (P/Km²)
Urban
Pop %
Urban
Population
Country's Share
of
World Pop
World
Population
India
Global Rank
2020 1,380,004,385 0.99 % 13,586,631 -532,687 28.4 2.24 464 35.0 % 483,098,640 17.70 % 7,794,798,739 2
2019 1,366,417,754 1.02 % 13,775,474 -532,687 27.1 2.36 460 34.5 % 471,828,295 17.71 % 7,713,468,100 2
2018 1,352,642,280 1.04 % 13,965,495 -532,687 27.1 2.36 455 34.1 % 460,779,764 17.73 % 7,631,091,040 2
2017 1,338,676,785 1.07 % 14,159,536 -532,687 27.1 2.36 450 33.6 % 449,963,381 17.74 % 7,547,858,925 2
2016 1,324,517,249 1.10 % 14,364,846 -532,687 27.1 2.36 445 33.2 % 439,391,699 17.75 % 7,464,022,049 2
2015 1,310,152,403 1.20 % 15,174,247 -470,015 26.8 2.40 441 32.7 % 429,069,459 17.75 % 7,379,797,139 2
2010 1,234,281,170 1.47 % 17,334,249 -531,169 25.1 2.80 415 30.8 % 380,744,554 17.74 % 6,956,823,603 2
2005 1,147,609,927 1.67 % 18,206,876 -377,797 23.8 3.14 386 29.1 % 334,479,406 17.54 % 6,541,907,027 2
2000 1,056,575,549 1.85 % 18,530,592 -136,514 22.7 3.48 355 27.6 % 291,350,282 17.20 % 6,143,493,823 2

29. India Population forecast
Year Population
Yearly %
Change
Yearly
Change
Migrants
(net)
Median Age Fertility Rate
Density
(P/Km²)
Urban
Pop %
Urban
Population
Country's
Share of
World Pop
World
Population
India
Global Rank
2020
1,380,004,38
5
1.04 % 13,970,396 -532,687 28.4 2.24 464 35.0 % 483,098,640 17.70 %
7,794,798,73
9
2
2025
1,445,011,62
0
0.92 % 13,001,447 -464,081 30.0 2.24 486 37.6 % 542,742,539 17.66 %
8,184,437,46
0
2
2030
1,503,642,32
2
0.80 % 11,726,140 -440,124 31.7 2.24 506 40.4 % 607,341,981 17.59 %
8,548,487,40
0
1
2035
1,553,723,81
0
0.66 % 10,016,298 -415,732 33.3 2.24 523 43.5 % 675,456,367 17.48 %
8,887,524,21
3
1
2040
1,592,691,51
3
0.50 % 7,793,541 -415,736 35.0 2.24 536 46.7 % 744,380,367 17.31 %
9,198,847,24
0
1
2045
1,620,619,20
0
0.35 % 5,585,537 -414,772 36.6 2.24 545 50.1 % 811,749,463 17.09 %
9,481,803,27
4
1
2050
1,639,176,03
3
0.23 % 3,711,367 38.1 2.24 551 53.5 % 876,613,025 16.84 %
9,735,033,99
0
1
ndia Population Forecast
-413,437

30. Age structure
0–14 years 28.6% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553)[5]
15–64 years
63.6% (male 381,446,079/female 359,802,209) (2009
est.)
65 and over 5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est.)

31. Sex ratio
Total 1.079 male(s)/female (2020)
At birth 1.11 male(s)/female (2020)
Under 15 0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female (2020)
15–64 years 1.06 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
65 and over 0.89 male(s)/female (2020)

32. • Human Development
• The first Human development report (HDR) published by United
Nations Development Program(UNDP) focused on the new paradigm
of development that puts people at the centre of development.
• The concept developed by Mahbub al Haq and Amartya Sen, is
defined as the process of enlarging people’s choices,’ emphasising the
freedom to be healthy, to be educated and to enjoy a decent standard
of living. It also encompasses political freedoms and human rights.

33. Human Development Index
• Used in HDRs to compare countries in world , has been designed as
an alternative to per capita income.
• Report HDR

34. • The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities
should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a
country, not economic growth alone.
• The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking
how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up
with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can
stimulate debate about government policy priorities.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of
average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a
long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent
standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized
indices for each of the three dimensions.

35. • The health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth, the
education dimension is measured by mean of years of schooling for
adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for
children of school entering age.
• The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national
income per capita.

36. • The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing
importance of income with increasing GNI. The scores for the three
HDI dimension indices are then aggregated into a composite index
using geometric mean.

38. • What is GDP?
• Definition
• GDP stands for "Gross Domestic Product" and represents the total
monetary value of all final goods and services produced (and sold on the
market) within a country during a period of time (typically 1 year).
• Purpose
• GDP is the most commonly used measure of economic activity.
• History
• The first basic concept of GDP was invented at the end of the 18th century.
The modern concept was developed by the American economist Simon
Kuznets in 1934 and adopted as the main measure of a country's economy
at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944.

39. • What does"Gross" stand for?
• "Gross" (in "Gross Domestic Product") indicates that products are
counted regardless of their subsequent use. A product can be used
for consumption, for investment, or to replace an asset. In all cases,
the product's final "sales receipt" will be added to the total GDP
figure.
• In contrast, "Net" doesn't account for products used to replace an
asset (in order to offset depreciation). "Net" only shows products
used for consumption or investment.

40. • What does"Domestic" stand for? (GDP vs. GNP and GNI)
• Domestic (GDP)
"Domestic" (in "Gross Domestic Product") indicates that the inclusion
criterion is geographical: goods and services counted are those
produced within the country's border, regardless of the nationality of
the producer. For example, the production of a German-owned
factory in the United States will be counted as part of United States'
GDP.

41. • National (GNP)
In contrast, "National" (in "Gross National Product") indicates that the
inclusion criterion is based on citizenship (nationality): goods and services
are counted when produced by a national of the country, regardless of
where the production physically takes place. In the example, the
production of a German-owned factory in the United States will be counted
as part of Germany's GNP (Gross National Product) in addition to being
counted as part of United States' GDP.
• GNI
GNI (Gross National Income) is a metric similar to GNP, since both are
based on nationality rather than geography. The difference is that, when
calculating the total value, GNI uses the income approach whereas GNP
uses the production approach to calculate GDP. Both GNP and GNI should
theoretically yield the same result

42. • Included in GDP:
• Final goods and services sold for money. Only sales of final goods are counted, because the transaction
concerning a good used to make the final good (for example, the purchase of wood used to build a chair) is
already incorporated in the final good total value (price at which the chair is sold).
• Not included in GDP:
• unpaid work: work performed within the family, volunteer work, etc.
• non-monetary compensated work
• goods not produced for sale in the marketplace
• bartered goods and services
• black market
• illegal activities
• transfer payments
• sales of used goods
• intermediate goods and services that are used to produce other final goods and services

43. • Nominal (Current) GDP vs Real (Constant) GDP
• Nominal GDP (or "Current GDP") = face value of output, without any
inflation adjustment
• Real GDP (or "Constant GDP") = value of output adjusted for inflation
or deflation. It allows us to determine whether the value of output
has changed because more is being produced or simply because
prices have increased. Real GDP is used to calculate GDP growth.

44. • How to calculate GDP
• GDP can be calculated in three ways: using the production, expenditure, or
income approach. All methods should give the same result.
• Production approach: sum of the “value-added” (total sales minus the value of
intermediate inputs) at each stage of production.
• Expenditure approach: sum of purchases made by final users.
• Income approach: sum of the incomes generated by production subjects.
• GDP Formula
• The formula for calculating GDP with the expenditure approach is the following:
• GDP = private consumption + gross private investment + government investment
+ government spending + (exports – imports).
• or, expressed in a formula:

45. • expressed in a formula:
• GDP = C + I + G + (X – M)
• GDP is usually calculated by the national statistical agency of the country
following the international standard. In the United States, GDP is measured by
the Bureau of Economic Analysis within the U.S. Commerce Department. The
international standard for measuring GDP is contained in the System of National
Accounts, compiled in 1993 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the
European Commission, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), and the World Bank.
• GDP Growth Rate
• The GDP growth rate measures the percentage change in real GDP (GDP adjusted
for inflation) from one period to another, typically as a comparison between the
most recent quarter or year and the previous one. It can be a positive or negative
number (negative growth rate, indicating economic contraction).