1. [Transcription]
The Qajar period (1785-1925 CE), despite its decrepitude and deficiencies, was
the last period in Iranian art history when artists absorbed European artistic
influences and employed Iranian artistic traditions to create their works.
Mahmoud Khān Malek al-Sho‘arā (Sabā) has a unique importance for this period
thanks to his unprecedented style in watercolor and oil paintings, particularly his
amalgamating of European techniques and Iranian visual traditions. Mahmoud
Khān’s art and potential influence on the proceeding generation of Iranian artists
were eclipsed by social and cultural disarray of the period and by the
predominance of the school of Kamāl al-Molk. In an effort to appreciate the true
locus of Mahmoud Khān in Iran’s art history, the documentary, Estensākh, seeks
to shed light on his life, times, and invaluable contributions.