1. Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
A dissertation on
“Effect of pH and temperature on growth of fungus,
on the production of antifungal compound.”
Submitted by,
Jyotika Sa
Roll no- 20202040
MSc. Biotechnology, 3rd
Sem.
Supervised by,
Prof. B.N. Tiwary
Dean of school of studies of
interdisciplinary education
and research
3. INTRODUCTION
Primary and secondary metabolites
• A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal
growth, development, and reproduction. It usually performs a physiological function
in the organism (i.e. an intrinsic function).
• The metabolites that help in carrying out other bodily functions which are not
involved in the growth and maintenance of cellular activities are called secondary
metabolites. Secondary metabolites (SMs) are formed near the stationary phase of
growth and are not involved in growth, reproduction and development.
4. OSMAC
• OSMAC (One Strain–Many Compounds), is an approach that enhances the
production and diversity of SMs expressed by a single microbial strain. It
was discovered by Dr. Bode et al. in their paper ‘Big effects from small
changes’ (Bode et al., 2002).
• The OSMAC approaches activate some silent biosynthetic pathways or
induce various restricted metabolic pathways (Bode et al., 2002).
• OSMAC implies changes in easily accessible physicochemical growth
conditions. Other than physicochemical conditions, the use of certain
chemical additives have also been shown to diversify the generation of
SMs.
• In one strain many compounds (OSMAC) the fungus was grown under
different culture conditions using solid agar, broth cultures, or grain based
media. (Bode et al., 2002; Abdelwahab et al., 2017).
5. • Primary metabolites are directly involved in primary growth development and
production ,whereas secondary metabolites are indirectly involved in metabolism
while playing an ecological function in the body. Therefore, to trigger the silent
genes of the microorganisms to secret SMs, OSMAC approach is applied.
• The factors that may affect the growth of microorganisms are:
Factors
Nutrient availability Physical parameter
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Minerals
Temperature
pH
Salinity
Fermentation
condition
6. Name Source Medium
(Media)
Parameters
Temperatur
e
Compound Mode of
action
Reference
(Fungus)
Tri
Chocladium Soil
Solid Rice
Medium 20°C Ciprofloxcin
It is use as
an
antibacteria
l and treat a
very few
type of
infection.
Nam
Michael
Tran-
Cong.et al
(30th Aug
2019)
(Fungus)
Penicillium
Solid Zapek
medium
28°C cholomyceti
n
It work
against
Pathogenic
bacteria
Ling Hong
Meng
27th
November
2017
(Fungus)
Aplosporella
Javeedii Soil
Solid Rice
Medium 30°C
Pramanici
n
They
show
strong
cytotoxicit
y against
Human
lymhoma
Ying
Gao.et al
(4th Nov
2020)
8. Objectives
The ‘one strain many compounds’(OSMAC) framework, which explain
how a single strain can synthesize distinct chemicals when
cultivated under diverse condition.
1. Soil sample collect from different site, (miningarea, Raigarh),(Arpa’s
riverbank, Bilaspur), (mud from bottom of the pond, Bilaspur).
2. Isolation of microbes by serial dilution and then pure culture3 to
get a visible colony of the similar cells.
3.OSMAC Approach; Effect of pH and Temperature
4. Extraction of microbes by fermentation medium .
5.Antifungal susceptibility examination against pathogenic fungal
9. Proposed work plan
Soil sample will be collected from the
selected site of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.
Microbial Cultures (fungi) will be
isolated from collected soil samples by
using serial dilution and spread plate
method.
Maintance and storage of the pure
culture
Selected fungal isolate will be identified
on the basis of their morphological,
biochemical characteristics.
10. Fermented medium extraction by using
liquid extraction
Antifungalsusceptibility examination
against pathogenic fungal
OSAMC Approach; effect of
Temperature and pH for secondary
metabolites
11. Expected outcomes of the project
• As a competitive weapon used against other bacteria, fungi, amoeba,
plant insects and large animal
• Improved detection of antibiotic and secondary metabolites in microbial
culture.
• To obtain an antifungal that is resistance to variety of skin disease and
severe other bacterial disease
• it acts as a differentiation effectors although antibiotic is not obligatory for
sporulation, some secondary metabolite can slow down the germination
of the spore until a less competitive environment and more favorable
condition for growth exist.
• It can be further applied to produce antibacterial, antiviral, anti-
inflammatory, and antitumor too.
12. • REFRENCES
• Abdelwahab, M. F., Kurtán, T., Mándi, A., Müller, W. E., Fouad, M. A., Kamel, M. S., & Proksch, P.
(2018). Induced secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor through
bacterial co-culture and OSMAC approaches. Tetrahedron Letters, 59(27), 2647-2652.
• Bode, H. B., Bethe, B., Höfs, R., & Zeeck, A. (2002). Big effects from small changes: possible ways to
explore nature's chemical diversity. ChemBioChem, 3(7), 619-627.
• . Deshmukh, S. K., Agrawal, S., Prakash, V., Gupta, M. K., & Reddy, M. S. (2020). Anti-infectives from
mangrove endophytic fungi. South African Journal of Botany, 134, 237-263.
• Fan, B., Parrot, D., Blümel, M., Labes, A., & Tasdemir, D. (2019). Influence of OSMAC-based
cultivation in metabolome and anticancer activity of fungi associated with the brown alga Fucus
vesiculosus. Marine drugs, 17(1), 67..
• Hemphill, C. F. P., Sureechatchaiyan, P., Kassack, M. U., Orfali, R. S., Lin, W., Daletos, G., & Proksch,
P. (2017). OSMAC approach leads to new fusarielin metabolites from Fusarium tricinctum. The
Journal of antibiotics, 70(6), 726-732
• Mian-ce, X. I. E., Xian-guo, L. I., & Da-hai, Z. H. A. N. G. (2015). A Mini Review of OSMAC Approach
and Its Application in Aspergillus fumigatus Secondary Metabolites. Natural Product Research and
Development, 27(9), 1668.
• Pan, R., Bai, X., Chen, J., Zhang, H., & Wang, H. (2019). Exploring structural diversity of microbe
secondary metabolites using OSMAC strategy: a literature review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 294.
• Romano, S., Jackson, S. A., Patry, S., & Dobson, A. D. (2018). Extending the “one strain many
compounds”(OSMAC) principle to marine microorganisms. Marine drugs, 16(7), 244.
• Singh, A., Singh, D. K., Kharwar, R. N., White, J. F., & Gond, S. K. (2021). Fungal endophytes as
efficient sources of plant-derived bioactive compounds and their prospective applications in natural
product drug discovery: insights, avenues, and challenges. Microorganisms, 9(1), 197.
• . Villanueva-Silva, R., Velez, P., Riquelme, M., Fajardo-Hernández, C. A., Martínez-Cárdenas, A.,
Arista-Romero, A., ... & Figueroa, M. (2021). Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential of
Cultivable Fungi from Deep-Sea Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico. Molecules, 26(23), 7328.
• Wei, H., Lin, Z., Li, D., Gu, Q., & Zhu, T. (2010). OSMAC (one strain many compounds) approach in
the research of microbial metabolites--a review. Wei sheng wu xue bao= Acta microbiologica
Sinica, 50(6), 701-709.
