3. Actions of past
Simple past Past perfect
Is the
First
action
♪ Before that
♪By then
♪Already
Expressions
Is the second
action
Expressions
♫Last week
♫Yesterday
♫That day
♫When
Structure:
S+HAD+VPP+C
Structure:
S+VERB IN PAST+C
4. Colloquial expressions
• Hit the headlines: To become famous
• Breaking news: Recent news
• Cover the story: To report on an event
5. From the inside of a newspaper
• Publisher
• Photographer
• Editor
• journalist
7. Past modals
No speculate to
because to make
guesses
Must+have+vpp (90%)
Could+have+vpp (50%)
Might+ have+vpp (30%)
8. Colloquial expressions
Be as fit as a fiddle: Be in good health
Be in bad shape: be in a poor physical condition
Be in murky waters: behave in morally and ethically questionable ways
10. COLLOQUIAL
EXPRESSIONS
Grin from ear to ear: Feeling very happy
Head over heels in love: falling in love wih someone
Make you blood boil: feeling very angry
Your heart sinks: feeling very sad
11. Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds Infinitives Both
Verb+ verb ing Verb+to+verb Verb+ verb ing
Verb+to+verb
♠Keep
♠Avoid
♠Enjoy
♠Admit
♠Finish
♣Continue
♣Start
♣Intend
♣Consider
♣Like
♦Seem
♦Decide
♦Hope
♦Tend
♦Want
♦Plan
♦Would like you
