Purposive communication

1. Evaluating messages
Reporters:
Febe Angelle Pamonag
Ma. Wennia Caloyloy
Rea Mae Derial
Cedrick Sevilla
Dozer Dauray
Christine Margaret Tan

2. Understanding a message is not simply focusing
on the text or words a sender delivers. When
someone talks to you, you do not simply
concentrate on what he/she says but you need
to take notice of the smile, the smirk, the rise of
the eyebrows, the hand and the body
movements of the speaker. Same goes when you
are reading articles of various kinds. There is a
need to read ‘between the lines’

3. Reading Text
Critically

4. Critical reading is define as the process of reading
beyond mere understanding a text. Students needs to
know how to read critically. Regardless of their college
courses, they will be engaged in various heavy
readings.
Critical reading requires you to evaluate the arguments
in the text. You need to distinguish fact from opinion
and look at arguments given for and against the
various claims. This also means being aware of your
opinions and assumptions (positive or negative) of the
text you are reading so you can evaluate it honestly.

5. To engage in critical reading, you may consider the following:
1. The Reading's Background - before considering the argument of the
reading, you should look into the background picture of the material.
a. Who is the author?
b. What type of source is this?
c. Who is the audience?
d. When was it written?
2. The Reading's purpose and and overall claim - getting the "bigger
picture" of the reading is important so that you can see how all the
pieces fit together.
a. What is the main claim of the reading?
b. What are the implications of the reading?
c. How is the reading structured?

6. 3. Evidences used in the reading - it is essential to consider the
quality of the evidence in the reading, as this directly relates to
the usefulness of the reading.
a. Is the evidence fact, research, opinion, or experience?
b. Is the evidence accurate?
c. Is the evidence relevant to the conclusion?
4. Methodology - if the reading is based on any kind of research,
it is important to consider how the research was conducted as
this can effect the validity of the findings reported.
a. Is the research qualitative or quantitative?
b. What was the range/sample size of research?

7. 5. Logic - when reading critically, it is important to examine the
chain of reasoning used by the author, as any gaps or problems can
undermine the validity of conclusion.
a. Are key terms defined?
b. Does the logic flow?
c. Are there any flaws in the reasoning?
6. Balance - in order to read critically, you have to consider whether
the argument is appropriately balanced, looking at the issue or
problem from relevant perspectives
a. Do you have questions that are not answered in the reading?
b. Is the reading biased?
c. What other perspectives are there on this issue?

8. 7. Limitations
a. What does the argument assume?
b. What are the limitations of the theory?
8. Other sources - no readings exist in isolation. You
must consider how the reading fit into the 'bigger
picture' of the larger academic context.

9. Reading In
Specialized Fields

10. Reading in the Physical and Biological Sciences
Printed materials in these fields usually rank as the most difficult
in readability. They are characterized by the use of much technical
language and a scholarly presentation of the subject matter. Most
of them are concerned only with the orderly presentation of data
and with the logical conclusions to be drawn. Difficulty of content
is compounded by complex writing style. Understanding scientific
material depends largely upon extensive backgrounds of
vocabulary, facts, concepts, and patterns of thought, especially in
reading original sources or the materials on which the textbooks
are based.

11. The first step in understanding scientific material is building a technical
vocabulary. Since scientific words usually have a single, precisely defined
meaning or a small group of closely related usages, they are easy to
remember. Consult glossaries or specialized dictionaries if the meanings in
an unabridged dictionary are still not clear.
Your concern after vocabulary difficulty is the organization of material. The
writer in the sciences generally follow this sequence which a reader should
learn to recognize:
1. Approach the problem
2. Description of observations and experiments
3. Solutions or conclusions
4. Suggestions for further research

12. The writer of scientific materials also states the limitations of
his/her studies and indicates when the conclusions are
tentative and when final.
As in the reading of non-specific material, you should also
look for:
a. Main ideas and details, and watch for signals like first,
second, however, in addition
b. You read for a purpose, so focus on conclusions.
c. Learn all the definitions and the words in heavy types or in
italics.
d. Study the examples and illustrations
e. Most importantly, distinguish between materials to be
learned in a general way and those to be learned verbatim.

13. Reading in the Social Sciences
These subjects deal with human relationships and make
much use of library resources in addition to textbooks.
Each social science course has its own inherent patterns
of reasoning and goals. Printed materials on the social
sciences should be read by the same general
procedures as for the other texts, with the added
attention to particular contexts. Much of the material is
meant to persuade and to direct behavior, hence it
should be read critically.

14. Reading Practical Prose Critically
Critical reading is founded on understanding. You must learn to
understand the organization of key passages and paragraphs. One
technique advocated is development analysis or discovering the
methods that the author used in developing his/her ideas. This form
of critical reading is used with fiction and poetry as well as with hard
hard reading materials.
Authors invariably use various methods not only for paragraphs but
also for long selections. In applying development analysis, you try
to recognize and follow the author’s use of these methods.

15. There are six categories of development:
1.Narration- where details of events are recounted, and description,
which presents an object or scene as it would appeal to the senses
2. Classification- determining the class or group to which the subject
belongs, and division, taking a subject or group apart in order to
analyze its components
3. Definition- stating what something is and showing how it differs
from others of its kind
4.Comparison- pointing out similarities, and contrast, pointing out
differences
5.Examples- using particular instances and showing how the instances
are relevant to the writer’s purposes
6.Cause and effect- explaining in what way one thing is the result of
something else

16. The Jeepney- A Product
of Filipino Ingenuity

17. If one were looking for a symbol of post-war Philippines, one could
do no better
than the jeepney, which is as abundant and as persistent as post-
war mosquitoes, as noisy and dangerous as post-war politics, as
useful as a Bailey bridge,' as insolent as a squatter, and as much a
creature of improvisation as the post-war Filipino.
The jeepney, unique in the world, is a tiny bus build by
superimposing a shop-made
body on an amy jeep. Its body juts out way behind the original
chassis and when fully loaded its rear lists perilously close to the
asphalt.Indeed, no one who has become used to thinking of the
army jeep as a drab, olive-colored drudge would recognize it on the
streets of Manila in its reincamation as the flamboyant Filipino
jeepney.

18. Foreigners who come to Manila for the first time stare in disbelief at the
fleets of jeepneys which swarm like a plague of locusts all over the city.
The man who name the jeep, the general-purpose vehicle, could never
have imagine the possibilities that have now been unfolded by the
Filipino jeepney. The rest of the jeepney is painted in a characteristic
design rendered in unpredictable color combinations which can best
described as Oriental barbeque; whorls, lines, stylized wings and shells are
fluted and convoluted in geometrical precision and bemuse the eye like a
Manila Bay sunset. It reposes on a curved structure, like a shallow dome of
welded iron, as proud as the marquee of a stylish hotel, fringed and line
with plastic leatherette. A railing of fretted metal nuns down each side
ending in two handle-bars of a design which another age called
"modemistic" and which hamper rather than aid the descent and ascent
of passengers at the rear steps.

19. The dashboard under the ambulatory altar is like as not quilted like a
gentleman's bar, but the instrument panel beneath it tells the sad truth
about the vehicle's condition: the mileage indicators has long ago run
down; the gas gauge does not work; ignition and lights are matters
that are best entrusted to providence. In iron or the wheel is a money
box, gnimy but sensible, to remind the driver of his purpose in life,
which is, to fill it before nightfall. The jeepney's ikon is as traditional as
the chapel where bullfighters kneel before courting death. Who rides
in jeepneys? Well, practically everybody. From the little cigarette boy
who is too tired to walk home to the well-paid secretary who
ordinarily takes a taxi, but since it is the day before pay day, there she
is holding herself aloof in one corner, hoping her friends will not see
her. Students, office-workers, laborers, salesmen, housewives, and their
babies.

20. The society matron who has two cars in her garage uses the jeepney to
transport odd items like potted plants and sacks of rice; and even the
newly arived official at the American Embassy tries a jeepney to show
how fully he
wants to Decome acquainted with the country.Perhaps the best proof of
the conceptual importance of the jeepney in Filipino life is he fact that
most modem Filipino painters in search of a genuinely native theme
have done
the jeepney. One of the most famous canvases of Manansala, for
instance, is an emotional rendering in hot yellow and garish orange of a
pack of jeepney.
The jeepney driver is a bundle of occupational hazards. He is an
individualist be-cause his trade has made him so. The only way to
survive, he has leamed, is through a ruthless self-interest.
The best authorities agree that his delinquency stem from economic and
social conditions.

21. He works from eight to fourteen hours a day at grueling pace and he
grosses between twelve to twenty pesos at the end of his shift. His only
rule of conduct is his money box: his only ethics the fact that the cop is
not looking. He cannot afford courtesy or compassion; he cannot even
afford to obey the traffic rules. To
wait patiently in line is to delay the next trip and diminish the day's
earnings; to stop only at designated spots along the route as the traffic
cops have tried to get him to, 1s to hurt his business. He is a true
proletarian," with the proletarian certitude that he has nothing to lose
and everything to gain with daring. The jeepney driver is not a very
lovable fellow.
But whether the jeepney stays or goes, whether it will become an
anachronism or
become an indestructible part of contemporary Filipino life, it will
always remain the embodiment of the brash and outrageously
impudent post-war decade.

22. Impact of texting on language

23. The most prominent trend in the language is a direct result
of the technological world in which we live: abbreviations.
Instant messaging and texting have created a need for our
messages to be delivered now, and in order to make this
occur a fraction of a second faster, abbreviations came into
existence
The English Language as you may know is evolving since
the beginning, one read of Beowulf or The Canterbury
Tales is enough to be reminded of how far removed we are
from the language of our ancestors. Texting is the next step
in evolution of English language so we should be cautious
about it.

24. There are two main arguments about text messaging. One
is that text messaging is impacting the English language by
impacting teenager's ability to write English using proper
punctuation and spelling.
The opposing position is, of course, that it does not impact
English language and in some way might actually enhance
it. Perhaps as we document and collect works of writers and
leaders, texts will be abbreviation rich. Future generations
would have to study and analyze those abbreviations to
understand them. It is accurate to say that the use of texting
impacts teenager's language skills which in turn can impact
our English language.

25. Language skills
What are the 4 skills of language?
When we say that someone 'speaks' a language fluently, we usually
mean that they have a high level in all four skills – listening, speaking,
reading and writing.
Some researchers have begun exploring how text messaging affects
student language skills and surprisingly, they find a positive
correlation. One study don by Professor Clare Wood at Coventry
University in Britain found that 11-year old who used the most textism
(texting language) were actually better at spelling an writing. A
command of texting seems to indicate a broader facility for language
and these students seem to switch easily between text messaging and
Standard English. Not only that the study also showed that children
who regularly text showcased a richer vocabulary and gain creativity.

26. Addiction
The people who accepted more words did so because
they were better able to interpret the meaning of the
word, or tolerate the word, even if they didn't recognize
the word. Students who reported texting more rejected
more words instead of acknowledging them as possible
words."

27. What's in a Handshake?

28. A handshake is a common part of the greeting
in the American business
culture, especially in formal situations, in
situations where individuals have not
seen each other in a long time, or when people
are meeting for the first time.

29. Here are the rules according to Innovative Training and Communication
Solutions:
1. Know when to shake hands. Shake hands when (1) you are introduced
to someone, (2) someone introduces himself or herself, (3) you introduce
yourself to someone, (4) the conversation is over.
2. Shake for no more than three "pumps." Another rule is to shake for about
three seconds. Any longer than that and you make the situation awkward
for everyone.
3.
Shake from the elbow, not your shoulder. This allows you to have a
smooth handshake that is not rough or too forceful for the other person.

30. 4. Don't be a "dead fish" or "wet fish." Just as you do not want to shake
too roughly, you do not want a limp handshake either. If your hands
are sweaty, have some way to wipe them off (on your slacks or in the
bathroom) before meeting people.
5. Don't be a "bone crusher." Don't grip the other person's hand too hard.
Not only do you not want to inflict pain, you don't want to appear too
aggressive. Use the same force you would use to turn a door handle.
6. Don't give the "little lady" handshake. Extend your whole hand, not just
your fingertips. Extending just your fingertips signals that
(especially if you are a woman).
weak
you are
7. Shake with one hand, not two. Using both hands is too personal for a
business setting. It also makes you look like you're trying too hard.

31. Thank You!