This presentation was presented in class presentation on M.A. English in the Department of English, MKBU. It deals with a paper titled Contemporary Literature in English, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness By Arundhati Roy. It tries to bring out the situation of the marginalized in the globalizing world in relation to The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.
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Marginalized Communities in the Globalized World: The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
1. Marginalized
Communities in the
Globalized World: The
Ministry of Utmost
Happiness
Department of English, MKBU
Paper no.:207 Contemporary Literatures in English
Prepared by: Jheel Barad
2. I am Jheel Barad
Roll No.: 12
Enrollment no.: 4069206420210003
Sem.: 4 (M.A.)
Paper no.: 207 Paper code: 22414
Paper name: Contemporary Literatures in English
Topic: Marginalized Communities in the Globalized
World: Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Submitted to: Smt S.B. Gardi, Department of English,
M.K.B.U
E-mail: jheelbarad@gmail.com
4. Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's
economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information (Daes).
Development projects have the potential to bring positive changes, including improved
infrastructure and access to education and healthcare.
facilitated economic
growth
led to the displacement of marginalized
communities due to development projects
and the loss of traditional ways of life.
INTRODUCTION
5. ● Published in 2017
● A.Roy’s Second novel
● Multi Layered story
● India's political and social landscape, and explores
themes such as gender, identity, love, and the
impact of political conflict on ordinary people's
lives.
● Shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2017.
● multidimensional depiction of Indian society of
both the dominant and subjugated classes.
● The pathetic condition of the marginalized
sections of society, rampant urbanization.
The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Her novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness also portrays a world, where people suffer at the
hands of the authority. This is the burning issue of Kashmir insurgency; where violence and
ferocity has become day to day problem (Kashyap).
6. The people who have been deliberately silenced and marginalized from the
mainstream to the periphery like the untouchables (Dalits), the poverty-
stricken, the tribal (Adivasis), the transgender (hijra) and in some cases women
as well the elderly. This novel seeks consolation for all those people who are
unconsoled (Khan).
“Skyscrapers and steel factories sprang up where forests used to be, rivers
were bottled and sold in supermarkets, fish were tinned, mountains mined and
turned into shining missiles. Massive dams lit up the cities like Christmas trees.
Everyone was happy” (Roy 98)
“Away from the lights and advertisements, villages were being emptied. Cities
too. Millions of people were being moved, but nobody knew where to” (Roy 98).
“You don’t have to go abroad for shopping any more. Imported things are
available here now” (Roy 99).
7. “The men were tired from their day’s work on the building site, their eyelashes and lungs
pale with stone-dust from cutting stone and laying floors in the multi-storey shopping
centres and housing estates springing up around the city like a fast-growing forest (Roy 83).
“Every few months the municipal authorities stuck a notice on Anjum’s front door that said
squatters were strictly prohibited from living in the graveyard and that any unauthorized
construction would be demolished within a week” (Roy).
As described by Biplab Dasgupta, the surroundings have changed from ‘quiet’ and ‘pretty’
to noisy and overcrowded.
“Most of the older houses have been torn down and plush new developers’ flats are coming
up in their place. Some are on stilts, the ground floors given over to parking. It’s a good
idea in this car-maddened city, but somehow it saddens me. I’m not sure why. Nostalgia for
an older, quieter time perhaps”(Roy 145).
“The socio-spatial hierarchy in the country’s ever-expanding cities is growing deeper, even
as inequalities of income, access and opportunities remain un-arrested. Marginalisation
and ghettoisation remains appallingly commonplace in Indian cities,...” (Bhunia).
8. ● Farmers Land Acquisition for Fourlane
Roads (“Gujarat: Farmers protest land acquisition, 46
detained | India News.”)
● Road widening for Char Dham Project
(Talwar)
● Joshimath Sinking(Bathla)
● Narmada Bachao Andolan (“1985: Narmada
Bachao Andolan - Frontline.”)
● Salman Khan hit and run 2002 Case
(Ghosh)
● Emergency Files: Inside Sanjay
Gandhi’s ‘beautification drive’ that
bulldozed unauthorized settlements
in Old Delhi (Suyash)
● POSCO Steel Plant(Das)
● Vedanta's Bauxite Mining in Niyamgiri
(Barik)
Globalising world
9. Works Cited
Barik, Satyasundar. “Dongria Kondhs continue to fight bauxite mining in Odisha's Niyamgiri forests.” The Hindu, 16 March 2019,
https://www.thehindu.com/society/dongria-kondhs-continue-to-fight-bauxite-mining-in-odishas-niyamgiri-
forests/article26544621.ece. Accessed 6 March 2023.
Bathla, Amit. “Joshimath sinking: How man-made factors assaulted fragile ecology.” Hindustan Times, 8 February 2023,
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/joshimath-sinking-how-man-made-factors-assaulted-fragile-ecology-
101673290161100.html. Accessed 6 March 2023.
Bhunia, Abhirup. “India's Unplanned Urbanisation Is Far from 'Smart.'” The Wire, 12 January 2017, https://thewire.in/culture/india-
urbanisation-smart-cities. Accessed 6 March 2023.
Daes, Dr. Erica-Irene A. “The impact of globalization on Indigenous Intellectual Property and Cultures.” Australian Human Rights
Commission, 2004, https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/speeches/impact-globalization-indigenous-intellectual-property-
and-cultures. Accessed 6 March 2023.
10. Das, Prafulla. “Protests against land acquisition for Posco project.” The Hindu, 3 June 2011,
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/protests-against-land-acquisition-for-posco-
project/article2073671.ece. Accessed 6 March 2023.
Ghosh, Deepshikha. “Salman Khan Acquitted In 2002 Hit-And-Run Case, Breaks Down in Court.” NDTV.com, 10 December 2015,
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/salman-khan-to-be-present-in-bombay-high-court-for-order-on-2002-hit-and-run-case-
1253237. Accessed 6 March 2023.
“Gujarat: Farmers protest land acquisition, 46 detained | India News.” The Indian Express, 12 June 2020,
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-farmers-protest-land-acquisition-46-detained-6454914/. Accessed 6 March
2023.
Kashyap, Dr. Tanu. “Aligning Connotations Of Lost Identities in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” Research
Journal of English Language and Literature, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019, pp. 66-72.
Khan, Fayaz, et al. “Marginalization Strategies in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” Pakistan Journal of Society,
Education and Language (PJSEL), 29 June 2021, https://pjsel.jehanf.com/index.php/journal/article/view/489. Accessed 6
March 2023.
11. Mohsin, Dr. Syed Wahaj. “Environmental Concerns in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness : A Critical Study.” The Criterion: An
International Journal in English, vol. 8, no. VI, 2017, pp. 78-87.
“1985: Narmada Bachao Andolan - Frontline.” Frontline, 15 August 2022, https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/india-at-75-epochal-
moments-1985-narmada-bachao-andolan/article65730806.ece. Accessed 6 March 2023.
Roy, Arundhati. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Penguin books., 2017.
Suyash. “Emergency Files: Inside Sanjay Gandhi's 'beautification drive' that bulldozed unauthorized settlements in Old Delhi.” OpIndia, 21 April
2022, https://www.opindia.com/2022/04/emergency-sanjay-gandhi-beautification-drive-bulldozed-old-delhi/. Accessed 7 March 2023.
Talwar, Gaurav. “Over 550-km road widening work under All-Weather Char Dham Road project complete: State govt | Dehradun News.” Times
of India, 8 April 2021, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/over-550-km-road-widening-work-under-all-weather-char-dham-
road-project-complete-state-govt/articleshow/81956619.cms. Accessed 6 March 2023.
