Social Deviation Topic

1. Introduction to Social
Deviancy
and
Types of Deviance
Ofelia C. Mendoza, RSW, MSW

2. What is Deviance?
 Defined as violation of established
contextual, cultural or social norms ,
whether folkways, mores or codified law
(William Graham Summer).
 Deviant behavior cannot be answered in a
straightforward manner, whether an act is
labeled deviant or not depends on many
factors, including location, audience and
the individual committing the act (Becker,
1963).

3. Why is there a need to study
deviance?
 Although deviance has a negative
connection, sociologists recognize that
deviance is not necessarily bad since
some of the deviant activities in the past
fostered social change.

4. Deviance is variable..
 Culturally dependent
 Changes over time

5. Norms
 Social control is the enforcement of norms
that “everyone has the potential to
deviate”.

6. Social Order
 An arrangement of practices and
behaviors on which society’s members
base their daily lives.

7. Sanctions
 Positive sanctions – are rewards given for
conforming to norms.
 Negative sanctions – are punishment for
violating the norms.

8. Classification of Sanctions
 Informal sanctions – sanctions that occur
in face-to-face interactions.
 Formal sanctions – sanctions that are
culturally recognized and enforced.

9. Theoretical Framework
Major Sociological
Paradigm of
Deviance
Perspectives Objectivists Subjectivist
Functionalism Strain Theory (Durkheim &
Merton)
Social Disorganization Theory
Cultural Deviance
Conflict Neo Marxist (Cal Marx, Spitzer
& Quinney)
The Power of the Elite
Symbolic
Interactionism
Social Learning Differential
Association (Edwin
Sutherland)
Control Theory
Social Bond
Neutralization
Deterrence
Labeling Theory
Primary Deviance
Secondary Deviance
Career/Master Status
Definitional Theories
Retrospective
Respectability

10. Five Types of Deviance
 A typology is a classification scheme
designed to facilitate understanding.
 According to Merton, there are five types of
deviance based on these criteria:
1. Conformity
2. Innovation
3. Ritualism
4. Retreatism
5. Rebellion

11. Good/Admired Behavior
 Heroism; putting one’s life
 Admiration –is described as a human emotion
elicited by people of competency, talent, or
skill exceeding common standards.
 Admiration motivates self-improvement by
observing and appreciating the abilities of
our role models.

12. Top 10 characteristics of
highly admired people
1. Humility 6. Compassion for others
2. Ability to learn 7. Respect for others
3. Integrity 8. Big vision
4. Responsibility 9. Inspiring others
5. Resilience 10. Reinvent ourselves

13. 1. Humility
 Is understood as the ability to accept
and love ourselves the way we are,
without pretensions, without hiding not
the flaws neither the blessing.
 As it is often thought, is not about a low
view of one’s importance or poor living
standards.

14.  Is about self-awareness and self-
management.
 Humble people are incredibly attractive.
 They are empowered and attiring
because they have managed to love
themselves and self-confidence is
powerful.

15.  They are charming because they do not
look over anybody’s shoulder, not even
when they are greater than everybody
else.
 They are engaging because they do not
pretend they are perfect.
 They accept their limitations and focus
on self-improvement.

16. 2. The ability to learn
 Not just in a pure-knowledge-way but in a
life-changing way.
 We are all born with a circumstantial
backpack, and usually that’s fine.
 But some times it comes attached to also
certain limitations.

17.  Being able to learn or most important,
being open to learning is remarkable
quality of highly successful people.
 It is incredibly admirable because, at a
certain point, we all know there are
things we need to change or improve.
 But just open-minded learners are
courageous enough to take off their
backpack when needed.

18. 3. Integrity
 Understood as the honest behavior of
loyal human beings; of those people that
always look for win-win situations; of
those people that care about doing the
right thing; that speak face-to-face.
 Nothing to be with being a fool, or
looser or always letting things go.

19.  Integrity is about transparency.
 About doing what needs to be done
but in the right way.
 Honest leaders are wanted, because
they ar tough and successful but
respectful and caring managers.

20. 4. Responsibility
 Or this quality of people who take
ownership.
 People who finish what they have
started.
 People who do not quit when things get
tough.

21.  People that we can rely on.
 People who will be there until the
end.
 People who take other people
seriously.

22.  Responsible people are clearly
followed because they provide
others with a framework of safety
and with the feeling of really
mattered the most.

23. 5. Resilience
 Or the capacity to pursue a goal, dream,
objective, or wish until the very end.
 Resilient people are like bamboo in a
hurricane – they bend rather than break.
 They move towards a goal beyond
themselves, transcending possible pain
and grief by perceiving bad times as
temporary state of affairs.

24.  They keep sailing when others have
already abandoned the boat.
 And they usually finally arrive at
the port when others are still
looking for a new destination.

25. 6. Compassion for others
 “ We all think we want to be loved, but
what actually feels good to us is feeling-
loving – and part of what makes us feel
more low for other people is doing kind,
compassionate thigs for them,” (Lisa
Firestone, clinical psychologist).
 Compassionate people are not just the
happiest but also significantly attractive
to others.

26.  They are not these soft and characterless
beings doing just charity that we may have
in mind.
 Compassionate leaders are simply
empathetic.
 They know how to put themselves in other’s
shoes, and they practice it regularly.
 So, they listen, understand, and comprehend
others around.

27. 7. Respect for others
 Especially the small ones. The intern,
the cleaning lady, the beggars, the
children, the elderly, the poor, the
immigrant.
 Respectful leaders are not always able
to change the world.
 But they see the intrinsic value in every
single person, and they respect this
value.

28.  They respect people’s time, efforts,
and desires.
 They take care of tiny things
because small things matter.

29. 8. Big vision
 We tend to admire people who
think big because, whenever we do
not dare to follow our own dreams,
they prove us that big goals are
possible, and this is clearly
admirable.

30.  Human beings tend to narrow their vision
down to daily affairs, regular stuff, and
daily chores, and this is how life passes
by for many.
 So, when we find someone who sees the
big picture, the whole thing, the long
term end, we manage to look up and
refresh our perspective.

31. 9. Inspiring others
 Human being enjoy being emulated not
just because of a matter of pride but also
because of reassurance.
 Being able to inspire, to make other
people follow and fight for our own
battles is clearly a desirable quality
because it proves us that we are doing
things right.

32. 10. Reinvent ourselves
 “When life hands you lemons, make
lemonade.”
 With the magic powers of the Fenix
and the flexibility of those who do
not let circumstances to determine
their own lives.

33. ODD Behavior (Oppositional
Defiant Disorder)
 Even the most mild-mannered children have
occasional outbursts of frustration and
disobedience.
 But a persistent pattern of anger, defiance,
and vindictiveness against authority figures
could be a sign of oppositional defiant
disorder (ODD)

34.  ODD is a behavioral disorder that
results in defiance and anger against
authority. It can affect a person’s
work, school, and social life.
 ODD affects between 1 and 16 percent
of school age children, more common
in boys than girls.

35.  Many children start to show
symptoms of ODD between the age
of 6 and 8 years old.
 ODD also occurs with adults.
 Adults with ODD who were not
diagnosed as children often go
undiagnosed.

36. Symptoms of ODD Behavior in
Children and Adolescents
 Frequent temper tantrums or episodes
of anger.
 Refusal to comply with adults request.
 Excessive arguing with adults and
authority figures.
 Always questioning or actively
disregarding rules.

37.  Behavior intended to upset, annoy, or
anger others, especially authority figures.
 Blaming others for their own mistakes or
misbehaviors.
 Being easily annoyed.
 Vindictiveness
None of these symptoms alone points to
ODD. There needs to be a pattern of
multiple symptoms occurring over a period
of at least six months.

38. Symptoms of ODD in Adults
 Feeling angry at the world
 Feeling misunderstood or disliked
 Strong dislike for authority,
including supervisors at work
 Identifying as a rebel
 Defending themselves vehemently
and not being open to feedback
 Blaming others for their own
mistakes

39. Causes of ODD
 No proven cause of ODD, but there are
theories that can help identify potential
causes.
 It is through a combination of
environmental, biological and
psychological factors cause ODD.
Example: more common in families with a
history of (ADHD) attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder.

40.  One theory suggest ODD can begin to
develop when children are toddlers,
because children and adolescents with
ODD show behaviors fairly typical to
toddlers.
 This theory also suggests that the child
or adolescent is struggling to become
independent from parental or authority
figures they were emotionally attached
to.

41.  It is also possible that ODD develops as a
result of learned behaviors, reflecting
negative reinforcement methods some
authority figures and parents use.
 This is especially rue if the child uses bad
behavior to get attention.
 In other cases, the child adopt negative
behaviors from a parent.

42. Other Possible Causes of ODD
 Certain personality traits. like being
strong-willed
 Lack of positive attachment to a parent
 Significant stress or unpredictability in
the home or daily life

43. Criteria to diagnose ODD
(can be done by trained psychiatrist and
psychologist )
1. Showing behavioral pattern for at
least six months with one who is
not a sibling displaying at least one
of these symptoms:
• Angry or irritable mood
• Argumentative or defiant behavior
• vindictiveness

44.  Angry or irritable mood includes
symptoms like:
• Often losing their temper
• Being touchy
• Being easily annoyed
• often becoming angry or resentful
 Vindictiveness is acting spitefully at
least twice in a six-month period

45.  Argumentative or defiant behavior includes
symptoms like:
• Having frequent arguments with authority
figures or adults
• Actively defying requests from authority
figures
• Refusing to comply with requests from
authority figures
• Deliberately annoying others
• Blaming others for misbehavior

46. 2. The behavior disrupts their life
 The disruptive behavior may
negatively affect important areas lie
their social life, education or
occupation.

47. 3. It’s not linked to substance
abuse or mental health episodes
 For diagnosis, the behavior does not occur
exclusively during the course of episodes
that include:
• Substance abuse
• Depression
• Bipolar disorder
• psychosis

48. Severity
 The DSM-5 also has a scale for
severity. A diagnosis of ODD can be:
• Mild: Symptoms are confined to only
one setting.
• Moderate: Some symptoms will be
present in at least two settings.
• Severe: Symptoms will be present in
three or more settings.

49. Treatment for ODD
 Early treatment is essential for people
with ODD.
 Teens and adults with untreated ODD
increased risk for depression and
substance abuse, according to the
American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry.

50. Treatment Options can include:
 Individual cognitive behavioral therapy:
• Anger management skills
• Communication skills
• Impulse control
• Problem-solving skills

51.  Family therapy: therapist will work
with the whole family to make changes.
This can help parents find support and
learn strategies for handling their
child’s ODD.
 Parent-child interaction therapy
(PCIT): therapists will coach the parents
as they interact with their children.
Parents can learn mor effective
parenting techniques.

52.  Peer groups: The child can learn
how to improve their social skills
and relationships with other
children.
 Medications: These can help treat
cause of ODD, such as depression or
ADHD. However, her is no specific
medication to treat ODD itself.

53. Bad Behavior
 Behavior that hurts others or
yourself is bad behavior.
 Behavior that helps you or others
without hurting others is good
behavior.
 Behavior that does not hurt others
and does not hurt you is neither
good nor bad behavior.

54. Compelling reasons to drop
consistent bad behavior habits
and create positive new ones.
 Bad behavior draws you to the world’s
bottom feeders. Like attracts like. If you
want to have relationships with matur,
emotionally healthy, authentic people,
you must consistently be one yourself.

55.  Bad behavior is prelude to poor self-
esteem and mood disorders. If your
behavior is pushing people away, causing
problems at work, and making you
unhappy, eventually it will take a toll on
your emotions and feelings of self-worth.
 Bad behavior is frequently a symptom
of a bigger issue. If we regularly act out
in inappropriate or irritating ways, it’s
often a call for further self-awareness.
Something deeper (unresolved anger,
pain, fear, etc.) may be behind those
poor relational skills.

56.  Bad behaviors negatively impact those
you love most. Spouses, children, and
close family members might be deeply
hurt or embarrassed by your behavior
habits. But they live with you and often
must tolerate these actions. Children in
particular don’t have the emotional
skills to implement appropriate
boundaries or express their frustrations
about adult bad behavior.

57. Eight of the most common
bad behavior habits to avod
1. Guilt tripping
2. Holier Than Thou
3. Temper Tantrums
4. Manipulation
5. Gossiping
6. Jealousy
7. Poor listening
8. Bad manners

58. 1. Guilt Tripping
Common Bad New Behavior
Guilt tripper uses not-so-subtle
strategies to let others know they
are not happy about something.
When things don’t go their way,
they will say or do things to try to
make others feel bad about their
choices or actions. Rather than
speaking plainly about a desire or
disappointment, or just letting go,
hey want others to suffer right
along with him/her.
Learn to accept
that not everything
will go your way.
Other people are
entitled to make
choices that you
may not like. Ask
for what you want,
express your needs
kindly, and accept
disappointment
graciously.

59. 2. Holier Than you
Common Bad New Behavior
Manifests as the need
to be right all the time,
the need to have the
last word, the need to
feel more important or
intelligent than others.
This person feels they
know best and must let
others in on their
superiority. This
behavior is frequently a
cover for insecurity.
Recognize the humility
combined with mature
self-confidence is highly
attractive. No one
wants to fell “less than”
or inferior, regardless of
their background,
income, or station in
life. Every person has
something valuable to
contribute, so seek first
to learn from others.

60. 3. Temper Tantrums
Common Bad New Behavior
Pouting, withdrawal,
belligerence, and passive
aggressive behaviors are all
examples of an adult temper
tantrums. We all get angry and
hurt, but there are healthy
adult ways of expressing anger
that don’t undermine
relationships. When my kids
were little and had temper
tantrums, I would tell them to
“use your words”. We all need
to use our words rather than
childish behaviors to express
our feelings.
Recognize anger and
frustration when they arise
and work to identify the
source. Often it is much
deeper than the issue at hand.
Take a deep breath and talk
calmly about the feelings
under the anger. Step back
from interactions until you can
control your feelings and
speak calmly.

61. 4. Manipulation
Common Bad New Behavior
Many of the behaviors listed
involve manipulation., but a
manipulator pro will take it to new
levels. They will use intelligence,
wit, charm, r other skills to get
people conform to their will. It
may take months or years for
those close to manipulator to
realize what’s happening.
Sometimes the manipulator
doesn’t consciously realize what
they are doing is wrong or
underhanded. They simply see the
behavior as a normal means to an
end.
This one is tricky because
it involves a fairly
sophisticated level of self-
awareness. It begins by
embracing an honest
respect for those around
you – acknowledging that
most people have inner
wisdom and should not be
led down a path that is not
right for them, even if they
do so willingly at first.

62. 5. Gossiping
Common Bad New Behavior
This is one behavior that can
easily become habitual.
Having information about
someone, especially
salacious or negative
information, feels powerful.
We know something that
inquiring minds want to
know. But gossip creates so
much hurts and erodes trust.
It takes practice and
commitment to throw water
on the fire of gossip.
Begin to view gossip for
what it is – hurtful and
unkind. Rather thana
engage in gossip, seek
the good in the person or
situation and be the
arbiter of kindness and
healing.

63. 6. Jealousy
Common Bad New Behavior
Can manifest in many of the
behavior listed, especially guilt
tripping. It usually stems from
feeling wounded, inferior, or
insecure. Jealous behavior makes
others feel uncomfortable and
unnecessarily guilty or wrong. We
will feel it from time to time, and
it’s a call to examine and
appreciate our own lives.
When jealousy rears its
ugly head, stop and take
a moment to turn the
feeling around. If you
feel jealous of someone,
take a moment to bless
their bounty and to
acknowledge your own.
If you want to improve
your circumstances, take
action rather than
feeding the jealousy or
putting someone down

64. 7. Poor Listening
Common Bad New Behavior
The age of distraction has sled to
an erosion of good listening
skills. We type on the computer
and talk to our children without
looking at them. We answer cell
phones during an important
conversation or meal. We text
while socializing with real, live
people. We look past the person
we are speaking with to see if
someone mor important is
nearby. We are disengaged from
really hearing what others have
to say to us.
Start by removing
distractions when you are
speaking to someone. Turn
off the cell phone or tv.
Step away from the
computer. Practice deep
listening by making eye
contact, reflecting back to
the speaker what you
heard, and acknowledging
the feelings or ideas
conveyed.

65. 8. Bad Manners
Common Bad New Behavior
Is it just me or have manners
gone with the wind? These very
simple skills that most of us
were taught as children are
powerful relating tools. Saying
please and thank you, not
interrupting, assisting someone,
making conversation, showing
appreciation, having table
manners, being on time – all of
these reflect consideration for
others and respect for one’s
self.
Most of us know what good
manners are, but since society
in general has become more and
more relaxed about them, we
might have forgotten to use
them. Start by reminding
yourself about good manners.
Take notice of what you might
be neglecting and make
conscious effort to implement
the manners that are missing for
you.

66. Personal growth, and ultimately
happiness in life, involves making
ourselves vulnerable,
acknowledging our flaws, and
changing our behavior.

67. Objectivist (Norm Based)
 Objectivism holds that reality is an
absolute – that facts are facts, regardless
of anyone’s hope, fears, or desires.
 Likewise, the accepted ideas or norms of
society or culture have no effect on the
nature of reality, they either comfort
with the facts of reality, or hey do not.

68. Objectivist Theories
 Deviance lies in the characteristics
/qualities of an act or a person.
 There is something about a person or their
behavior that makes them deviant.
 For people who believe this, it is often
treated a common sense.
 E.g., homicide is believed to be deviant
simply because its always treated as such;
its just common sense that homicidi is a
deviant theing to do.

69.  Which characteristics or qualities make
something inherently deviant?
 Harm (its deviant because it inflicted
harm on someone or something)
 Rarity (its deviant because it rarely
happens)
 Reaction (its deviant because of how
society reacts to it)
 Norms (its deviant because it violated
social norms)

70. Subjectivism
 Subjectivist believe that deviance is a
subjective perception of human beings,
rather then a objective
characteristic/quality.
o Nothing is inherently deviant: it is all about
the labels that are applied to it.
 Example – homicide is not inherently
deviant: we know this because killing is
accepted and celebrated in many contexts
(war, euthanasia, etc.)
o We bring different kinds of understanding to
same act depending on the context.

71.  Deviance is a perception/interpretation
applied to the phenomenon – but how
do phenomena come to be interpreted
as deviant?
o What social processes are involved?
 There are many dimensions of deviance:
o Sociocultural (e.g., what happened in
pop culture to make smoking weed less
deviant than it used to be?)

72. o Institutional (e.g., did our cops or
the courts do anything to make
smoking weed less deviant than it
used to be?)

73. Subjectivist Approaches
 In the simplest terms, the
subjectivist paradigm holds that a
social problem lies in the eye of the
beholder, not in objective reality.

74.  Subjectivism is the doctrine that
“our own mental activity is the only
unquestionable fact of our
experience”, instead of shared
communal, and that there is no
external or objective truth.
 Subjectivism accords primacy to
subjective experience as
fundamental of all measures and
law.

75.  The subjectivist approach, with its root in
German Idealism, takes human
experiences as the sole foundation of
factual knowledge.
 All objective facts have to be interpreted
and evaluated by human minds.
 In this approach, experience, knowledge,
expectation, plans, errors and revision of
plans are key elements.

76. Goodluck & Enjoy!!!

77. References:
 www.coursehero.com > file > Sociology-Chapter-8-
 www.valleybehavioral.com > disorders > signs-symptoms
 www.healthline.com > health > oppossitial-defiant-
disorder
 www.aacap.org > aacap > facts_for_families > FFF-
Guide
 ccc.cdc.gov > childrensmentalheath > behavior
 liveboldandblom.com > habits > bad-behavior-habits
 en.Wikipedia.org > wiki > Bad_Behavior
 www.iep.utm.edu > ethics
 www.studocu.com >…> Social Deviance SFW
 www.anthempress.com > Socicology