2. Hostage Situation
● A hostage situation refers
to the unlawful abduction
or restraint of one or more
individuals with intent to
restrict their freedom.
● This is termed as crisis by
the law enforcement
officers and behavioral
professionals.
3. Priorities
In dealing with hostage
situations, the priorities
are to
1) preserve lives,
2) apprehend the captors,
4. STAGES OF A HOSTAGE SITUATION
● 1. Alarm Stage - This stage is the most traumatic and
dangerous. In the alarm stage, the emotion of the
hostage taker is exceedingly in its highest peak.
5. ● 2. Crisis Stage - In this stage, when negotiation attempts are
being initiated by the crisis negotiator.
-At this stage hostages may start to feel three (3) problems:
1) Isolation, 2) Claustrophobia, and 3) Sense of time.
The hostage taker may inconsistently enforce numerous demands
and petty rules and this may result to unsuccessful negotiation. In
addition, the perpetrator seeks to destroy the victim’s sense of
autonomy by depriving him of his basic needs.
6. 3. Accommodation Stage - This is distinguished by
boredom, and with moments of terror. Though is
considered as the longest yet is the most tranquil.
Stockholm’s syndrome will likely to occur between the
captors and the victims
7. 4. Resolution Stage - This is the stage when the hostage
taker is being stressed out or fatigued of the situation.
Losing interest of the situation and lost most of his
bargaining points.
Tension between the hostages, hostage taker and the
crisis negotiator is notably low
8. Procedure to be followed in a Hostage Situation The following steps
shall be undertaken:
1) Crisis Management Task Group shall be activated immediately;
2) Incident scene shall be secured and isolated;
3) Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed entry and exit to the incident
scene; and
4) Witnesses’ names, addresses, and other information shall be recorded.
Witnesses shall be directed to a safe location.
5) Evacuate all victims/injured persons immediately when the opportunity
permits;
6)The arrest of the perpetrator shall be the last paramount concern
7) Conduct debriefing immediately after the conclusion of the incident.
9. ● Negotiators/ Negotiation Team - Negotiators
shall be designated by the Ground
Commander .No one shall be allowed to talk to
the hostage taker without clearance from the
negotiator or Ground Commander. The
Negotiation Team is directly under control and
supervision of the On-Scene Commander.
10. Negotiation Team
● Generally, the Negotiation Team consists
of five (5) negotiators, all trained in the
art of crisis negotiation. Each team
member plays a vital role in the
successful resolution of critical incidents
11. ● Except in cases where negotiators are not physically
available or the situation demands for the immediate
commencement of negotiation, the Negotiation Team
structure will be as follows:
● a. Negotiation Team Leader (NTL)/Coordinator;
● b. Primary Negotiator;
● c. Secondary Negotiator;
● d. Intelligence Liaison/Recorder;
● e. Board Negotiator.
12. 1. The Primary Negotiator actually communicates with the
subject.
2. The Secondary (or backup) Negotiator assists the primary
negotiator by offering advice, monitoring the negotiations,
keeping notes, and ensuring that the Primary Negotiator sees
and hears everything in the proper perspective.
3. The Intelligence Liaison/Recorder - interviews individuals
associated with the suspect to compile a criminal history and
a history of mental illness, as well as to gather other relevant
information. He is also in charge of the recordings of all
conversations.
13. 4. Most senior member of the team will act as the
Negotiation Team Leader, whose primary responsibility
is to act as a buffer between command personnel and the
Negotiation Team.
When the Incident/ OnScene Commander wants to offer
advice to the Negotiation Team, this should be routed to the
Negotiations Team via the Negotiation Team Leader
5. Board Negotiator is the “board person” who maintains a
visual display of all information relevant to the
negotiations, i.e. deadlines, demands and details of
persons known to be in the stronghold;
14. ● Assault Team
● An assault team shall be alerted for
deployment in case the
negotiation fails. Members of the
assault team shall wear authorized
and easily recognizable uniform
during the conduct of the
operation.
15. Support Personnel
● An ambulance with medical
crew and a fire truck shall
be detailed at the incident
area.
16. ● Guidelines during Negotiations
● 1. Situation must be stabilized first and contained before
the start of the negotiation.
● 2. All relevant tools and information that can strengthen a
successful negotiator's position and create a favorable
climate successful negotiation must be prepared e.g. facts
relevant to the situation, financial and non-financial
terms, issues and concerns, etc.
● 3. Do not introduce outsiders (non-law enforcement
officers) into the negotiation process, unless their presence
is extremely necessary in the solution of the crisis. If so
introduced, they shall be properly advised on the do's and
don'ts of hostage negotiations.
17. ● 4. In case the negotiator breaks down or he/she finds
himself/ herself in a deadlock, it is recommended to employ
the service of a mediator.
● 5. Police officers without proper training shall not be allowed
to participate in hostage negotiations.
● 6. Whatever the scale of an incident and the extent of
resources deployed, it is essential that proper liaison exist
between Tactical/Assault Team, Technical Support Team
and the Negotiation Team.
● 7. All activities on the scene, even the delivery of food to the
stronghold, must have tactical coordination with the NTL/
Coordinator
18. Safety of Hostage
● Safety of Hostage(s)
● In negotiating for the release of a
hostage, the safety of the hostage
shall always be paramount.
19. Barricade situation
● Barricade situation - An incident where
a person maintains a position of cover or
concealment and ignores or resists law
enforcement personnel, and it is
reasonable to believe the subject is
armed with a dangerous or deadly
weapon.
20. Barricaded Criminals
● This type might be robbers cornered by the
police while in the act of committing their
crime (i.e bank robbers). Either barricaded in
a building, road block or on getaway cars.
Hostages are may be employees, bystanders or
both caught in the process of escaping
26. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
POLICE
Mars is actually a very cold
place
COURTS
Neptune is far away from the
Sun
Jupiter is the biggest planet of
them all
PROSECUTOR
S
MURDERER
Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings
27. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one
here. For more info, click here
MAGAZINES
Mars is a cold place
BOOKS
Saturn has several rings
PODCASTS
Venus has a nice name
FILMS
Jupiter is a big planet
20%
30%
32%
18%
28. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s very hot
JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar
System
MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold place
TRUE CRIME FEATURES
29. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Saturn is a gas giant
planet
SATURN
It is the biggest planet of
them all
JUPITER
Neptune is very far from
the Sun
NEPTUNE
Venus has a
beautiful name
VENUS
It is the smallest
planet
MERCURY
30. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
PHASE 1
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
PHASE 2
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
PHASE 4
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
PHASE 5
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
PHASE 3
Neptune is the
farthest planet of
them all
31. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
VENUS
Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place
Jupiter is the
biggest planet of
them all
JUPITER
32. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
ANALYSING THE SUSPECTS
BEFORE DURING AFTER
THOMAS
Mars is a very cold
place
Mercury is a small
planet
Jupiter is a big
planet
ALICE
Neptune is far from
the sun
Venus has a
beautiful name
Saturn is the ringed
planet
PETER
Neptune is an ice
giant
Earth is where we
all live
Saturn has several
rings
33. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
MURDER WEAPONS
VENUS
Venus is the second planet from the Sun
MARS
It is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide
dust
JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar
System
SATURN
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings
34. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
JUPITER
It is the biggest planet of
them all
SATURN
It is a gas giant and has
rings
NEPTUNE
It is the farthest planet to
the sun
It is the smallest planet
of them all
MERCURY
Planet Venus has
beautiful name
VENUS
Mars is actually a very
cold place
MARS
36. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
STEP 1
It’s the farthest
planet from the Sun
NEPTUNE
STEP 2
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
SATURN
STEP 4
Mercury is the
closest object to the
Sun
MERCURY
STEP 3
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
MARS
37. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Mercury is a very small
planet
FEAR
Venus has a nice name,
but it is hot
ANGRY
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one
here. For more info, click here
39. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
EVIDENCE INTERROGATION LIE DETECTOR
Mars Mars is a cold place It is the red planet
Venus Venus has a nice name It’s very hot
Mercury It is a small planet It is close to the Sun
Saturn It is a gas giant It has many rings
ANALYSIS
Jupiter It is a big planet It is a gas giant
40. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
IDENTIFICATIO
N
Venus has extremely high
temperatures
COMPILATION
Venus is very hot
SUSPECT 1
Mars is very cold
SUSPECT 2
Jupiter is big
EVIDENCE
1
Saturn has rings
EVIDENCE
2
41. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
TRUE CRIME COMPARISON CRIME FICTION
It doesn’t always have a
resolution
Crime fiction always has to tie
thing up
It doesn’t pretend to be
believable
Crime fiction has to be
believable
It doesn’t need to empathize
with
Characters the reader can
empathize with
True crime can always take
any path
Crime fiction has to be
formulaic
42. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
JUPITER
It is the biggest planet
of them all
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
MARS
VENUS
Venus is the second
planet from the sun
It’s the smallest
planet of them all
MERCURY
43. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
It is the smallest planet of
them all
METHOD 1
Venus has a nice name,
but it is hot
METHOD 2
Saturn is a gas giant and
has rings
METHOD 3
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more
info, click here
44. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
10%
60%
30%
DRUG CRIMES
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
one from the Sun
VIOLENT CRIMES
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest of them all
HOMICIDES
Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide
dust
45. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
01 Mercury is the closest planet of
them all
MERCURY
02 Venus has a beautiful name, but
it is hot
VENUS
03 It is the third planet from the Sun
EARTH
04
MARS
Mars is actually a very cold
place
46. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Venus has a
beautiful name
VENUS
STEP 01
Earth is where we all
live
EARTH
STEP 02
Saturn has several
rings
SATURN
STEP 03
It’s the star at the
center
THE SUN
STEP 04
47. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
It’s considered a
dwarf planet
PLUTO
STEP 08
It is far away from
the sun
NEPTUNE
STEP 07
Jupiter is a big planet
JUPITER
STEP 06
Mars is a very cold
place
MARS
STEP 05
48. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun
MERCURY
30%
Venus is the second planet
from the sun
VENUS
15%
Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place
MARS
25%
Jupiter is the biggest planet of
them all
JUPITER
30%
49. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
EVIDENCE 1 EVIDENCE 2 EVIDENCE 3
True crime case 1
Mars is a very cold
place
Venus has a nice
name
True crime case 2
Jupiter is a big
planet
True crime case 3
Saturn has many
rings
True crime case 4
Mercury is a small
planet
50. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
Saturn is a gas giant
and has many rings
SATURN
It is the closest planet
to the Sun
MERCURY
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
VENUS
It is the farthest planet
from the Sun
NEPTUNE
51. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
CRIME EVIDENCE
SUSPECTS
The Sun is a star
Saturn is a gas giant
Earth is where we live
Neptune is far from us
Mars is a very cold place
Mercury is a small planet
Venus has a nice name
Jupiter is a big planet
JOHN DOE
Saturn has rings
MARIE SMITH
Mercury is close to sun
52. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
DRUG ANALYSIS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
one from the Sun
DNA FINGERPRINTING
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest of them all
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide
dust
54. TRUE CRIME STUDIES
INFOGRAPHICS
INTERROGATION
Saturn is the second-largest
planet in the Solar System
SURVEILLANCE
Planet Venus has a beautiful
name, but also high temperatures
LIE DETECTOR
Despite being red, planet Mars is
actually a really cold place
CONFESSION
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the
entire Solar System
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