Display systems used in avionics

PRESENTED BY:JEREMIE NIYONSABA
COURSE:M.TECH AEROSPACE ENG(AVIONICS 1 SEM)
SUBJECT:INTRODUCTION TO AVIONICS
DISPLAY SYSTEMS BY JEREMIE
NIYONSABA@JAIN UNIVERSITY 1

 INTRODUCTION TO AVIONICS SYSTEMS BY
R.P.G.Collinson
 AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS&INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS BY EHJ Pallett
 INTERNET.

 Introduction of display systems
 Forms of data display
 Six basic instruments
 Electronic flight display /glass cockpit (PFD and MFD)
 Electronic display technologies (CRT,LED,LCD)
 HEAD UP DISPLAYS (HUDs)
 HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS(HMDs)
 HEAD DOWN DISPLAYS(HDDs)
 Digitally generated moving colour map displays
 Displays management using intelligent based
system(IKBS )
 Current technologies and updates in avionic displays’

 In flight ,aircraft and operating crew form a
“man-machine “system loop
 The role of crew is to be an active controller or
monitor in case of automated flight with the
possibility of reverting to active function
 Instruments play vital role as they are means of
communication in the “man-machine” loop
 Data have to displayed in best way to help crew
interpret it ,with minimum mental efforts
 So ,the visual information is presented to pilot on
various displays

 Primary flight
information:airspeed,altitude,vertical speed,
angle of attack, heading …..
 Navigation information: aircraft's position,
ground speed and track angle(direction with
respect to true north)
 Engine Data: Engine pressure ratio,RPM,exhaust
gas temperature, fuel flow,….
 Warning information: data from ground proximity
system or weather radar returns
 Maps: maps showing the routes, flight points
have to displayed.

 Quantitative :variable quantity is presented by
numerical value or relative position with a pointer
on graduated scale.
 Qualitative :Symbolic or pictorial presentation of
data.

Six basic instruments in a light twin-engine airplane arranged in a
"basic-T". From top left: airspeed indicator, artificial horizon,
altimeter, turn coordinator, heading indicator (compass) and
vertical speed indicator.

Primary Flight Display
 The display unit taking the place of the ADI is called
the primary flight display (PFD).
 If a separate display replaces the HSI, it is called the
navigation display.
 The PFD displays all information critical to flight, including
calibrated airspeed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical
speed and yaw.
 The PFD is designed to improve a pilot's situational
awareness by integrating this information into a single
display instead of six different analog instruments,
reducing the amount of time necessary to monitor the
instruments.
 PFDs also increase situational awareness by alerting the
aircrew to unusual or potentially hazardous conditions —
for example, low airspeed, high rate of descent — by
changing the colour or shape of the display or by providing
audio alerts.
 These LCD units generate less heat than CRTs which is an
advantage in a congested instrument panel. They are also
lighter and occupy a lower volume.

Multi-function display (MFD) / Navigation display (ND)
 The MFD (multi-function display) displays navigational and
weather information from multiple systems.
 MFDs are most frequently designed as "chart-centric",
where the aircrew can overlay different information over a
map or chart.
 Examples of MFD overlay information include the aircraft's
current route plan, weather information from either on-
board radar or lightning detection sensors or ground-
based sensors.
 MFDs can also display information about aircraft systems,
such as fuel and electrical systems . As with the PFD, the
MFD can change the colour or shape of the data to alert the
aircrew to hazardous situations.

 CATHOD RAY TUBE(CRT):
 Thermionic device
 Use electronic beam scanning technique
 Consists of evacuated glass, electron gun
,beam focusing and beam deflection systems
 Screen coated by crystalline solid material
known as a phosphor.
 CRT signals are in Rho-theta form and have
to be converted into X-Y form

 Radar transmitter transmits a pulse, receiver
receives return echoes in Rho-theta form.
 Data is digitalised into binary form to present
four conditions.
 Blank screen shows zero or low level returns
 Green represent low returns(lowest rainfall
rate)
 Yellow represents moderate returns(moderate
rainfall rate)
 Red represents strong returns(high density
rainfall rate)

 Solid state device comprising forward biased
p-n junction transistor.
 Current flows through the chip and emits the
light proportional to the current flow
 LEDs are arranged in segments or matrix
forms in order to display certain information.
 Typical displays are 7 segments ,13 segment
and 16 segment displays

 Consists of two glass plates coated on their
surfaces with conducting material(polarizing
film)
 Material on front plate is etched in 7
segments displays and the back plate is
common return
 Space between plates is filled with liquid
crystal compound.
 When low voltage and low current signal is
applied to segments, the polarization of
compound changes to reflective medium.

 HUDs present data at the same level as pilot’s
line of sight So he can also view outside
scene.
 The data on the face of CRT is projected
through collimating lens.
 A collimator is optical system of finite focal
length with image source at focal plane .
 Rays of light emanating from a particular
point on the focal plane exit from collimating
system as parallel bunch of rays, as if they
come from source at infinity.

 HMDs function as HUDs on helmet
 CRTs are currently used as display sources
 HMDs have the IIT(image intensifier tube) and
NVGs(night viewing goggles) which intensify
the images.

 HDDs is the oldest type of display
 HDDs contains CRT or LCD display with drive
circuits ,power regulation
 It has a rectangular form
 They have colour CRTs

 Intended to manage information presented
visually to pilot in high work load situations like:
engine failure, evasion of ground threat, bird
strike, weather abort ,………
 To employed in next generation military crafts
 It has aircraft state expert which deduces what is
happening from the aircraft data, pilot inputs and
mission plan by applying set of rules.
 In turn aircraft expert controls the “display
management expert "which determines
information to be displayed on various displays.

Display systems used in avionics

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