This document summarizes information about a patient with diabetes mellitus. It includes details of the patient's medical history, test results showing high blood sugar levels, and the medications prescribed to treat her condition. The patient is a 32-year-old female who presents with fatigue, polyuria, leg pain, and chest pain. Laboratory tests confirm she has diabetes. Her treatment plan involves medications like Glimepiride and Metformin to control blood sugar, Atorvastatin for cholesterol, and supplements like Methylcobalamine and Vitamin D3. She receives counseling on diet, exercise, and managing her diabetes.

1. Name: Mahirrao Jayesh Anil
Class: Final Year B. Pharm.
Division: B
Roll No.: 81
on
DIABETES MELLITUS
R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur

2. DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes is commonly known as diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a group of
metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over prolonged
period, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidaemia and some times
ketonaemia.
There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:
1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Gestational diabetes

3. DIAGNOSIS
IFG:
Fasting blood glucose level: 110 mg/dL – 126 mg/dL
IGT:
Fasting blood glucose level: Less than 126 mg/dL
Postprandial: 140 mg/dL – 200 mg/dL

4. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS

6. PATIENT INFORMATION
• Name: Mrs. ABC
• Age: 32 years
• Gender: Female
• Hospital Name: Shri. Nrusinha Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Chopda
• Name of Physician: Dipak O. Patil (M.D.)
• Occupation: Housewife
• Social History: Non-alcoholic,
Non-smoker,
Vegetarian.
• Present Complaints: Fatigue
Polyuria
Leg pain
Chest pain

7. Test Result Normal Range
Haemoglobin 10.90 gm/dl 12.00-15.00 gm/dl
Total RBC count 4.83x106/mm3 3.8-5.8x106/mm3
Total WBC count 11100 mm3 4000-11000 mm3
Mean Corpuscular Volume 74.7 fl 76-96 fl
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin 22.6 pg 27-32 pg
HAEMOGRAM

8. DIABETIC PROFILE REPORT
Parameters Result Normal range
F. Blood Sugar 257.48 mg/dl 70-110 mg/dl
F. Urine Sugar +++
Ketone NIL
P. P. Blood Sugar 293.10 mg/dl 70-130 mg/dl
P. P. Urine Sugar ++++
Ketone NIL

9. MEDICATIONS USED IN TREATMENT
Sr. No. Medication name API Dose Frequency
Route of
Administration
Category
1 GLYCOMET 500 Metformin 500 mg b.d. Oral
Non-sulfonylureas, Oral
Biguanide
2 TAZLOC 20 Telmisartan 20 mg b.d. Oral
Angiotensin receptor
blocker
3 ATORSAVE 20 Atorvastatin 20 mg o.d. Oral Statin
4 ACMIC Methylcobalamine
1500
mcg
o.d. Oral Vitamin
5 DV 60 K Vitamin D3
60000
IU
Twice a
week
Oral Vitamin
Date: 26/11/2013

10. Sr. No. Medication name API Dose Frequency
Route of
Administration
Category
1 GLIMISAVE M-1
Glimepiride +
Metformin
1 mg +
500 mg
o.d. Oral
Sulfonylureas, Oral
Biguanides
2 VYSOV M 50/500
Metformin +
Vildagliptin
500 mg
+ 50 mg
b.d. Oral
Oral Biguanides,
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
inhibitors
3 TAZLOC 20 Telmisartan 20 mg b.d. Oral
Angiotensin receptor
blocker
4 ACMIC Methylcobalamine
1500
mcg
o.d. Oral Vitamin
Date: 06/12/2013

11. Sr. No. Medication name API Dose Frequency
Route of
Administration
Category
1 GLIMISAVE M-1
Glimepiride +
Metformin
1 mg +
500 mg
o.d. Oral
Sulfonylureas, Oral
Biguanides
2 VYSOV M 50/500
Vildagliptin+
Metformin
50 mg +
500 mg
b.d. Oral
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
inhibitors,
Oral Biguanides,
3 TAZLOC 20 Telmisartan 20 mg b.d. Oral
Angiotensin receptor
blocker
4 ACMIC Methylcobalamine
1500
mcg
o.d. Oral Vitamin
5 ATORSAVE 10 Atorvastatin 10 mg o.d. Oral Statin
Date: 27/12/2013

12. MECHANISMS OF MEDICATIONS IN TREATMENT
1. GLYCOMET 500
• Contains Metformin
• Treats Type II Diabetes
• Decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines and increases the action of insulin in the body
2. TAZLOC 20
• Contains Telmisartan
• Treats hypertension, prevents heart disease
• Blocks vasoconstrictors & aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking
angiotensin
3. ATORSAVE 20
• Contains Atorvastatin
• Decreases level of blood cholesterol & triglycerides in blood
• Atorvastatin is competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which causes decrease in cholesterol
synthesis
• 1st line treatment for CVD

13. 4. ACMIC
• Contains Methylcobalamine
• Treats diabetic neuropathy & vitamin B 12 deficiency
• Methylcobalamine is neurologically active form of Vitamin B 12
5. DV 60 K
• Contains Vitamin D3
• Improves body’s sensitivity to insulin & decreases risk of insulin resistance
• Vitamin D3 is more than 3 times effective than Vitamin D
6. GLIMISAVE M-1
• Contains Glimepiride & Metformin
• Treats Type II Diabetes
• Glimepiride is long acting oral antidiabetic
• Increases insulin secretion
• Glimepiride stimulates release of insulin by pancreatic ß-cells & by inducing increased activity of
intracellular insulin receptor
• Metformin decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines and increases the action of insulin
in the body

14. 7. VYSOV M 50/500
• Contains Metformin & Vildagliptin
• Treats Type II Diabetes
• Metformin decreases absorption of glucose from intestines and increase action of insulin
• Vildagliptin increases secretion of insulin and lowers glucagon production
• Combination is better effective than monotherapy in lowering blood glucose levels

15. PATIENT COUNSELLING
• Regular exercise & Physical activities (like walking,
jogging, cycling, etc.) for about 30 minutes a day
• Regular monthly blood glucose check up
• Avoid sweet foods like chocolates, jam, cake, etc.
• Eat low salt content diet
• Include following things in diet:
 Bananas
 Apples
 Oranges
 Carrots
 Spinach
 Cereals

16. REFERENCES
• Harsh Mohan, Textbook of Pathology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher, Sixth
Edition, 2010., 9.8-9.10
• Rosa GM, Carbone F, Parodi A, Massimelli EA, Brunelli C, Mach F, et al., Update
on the efficacy of statin treatment in acute coronary syndromes, European Journal
of Clinical Investigation, 44 (5), May, 2014, 501–15
• Bhavani Jayabalan, Lian Leng Low, Vitamin B supplementation for diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, Singapore Med J., 57(2), Feb., 2016, 55–59.
• https://www.who.int/diabetes/action_online/basics/en/index2.html
• https://www.healthline.com/health/metformin-oral-tablet#highlights