2. Introduction to MIMO
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
• MIMO stands for "Multiple Input Multiple Output
• It is a wireless communication technology that utilizes multiple antennas for
both transmitting and receiving data simultaneously.
How MIMO Technology Improves Data Transmission
• Spatial Multiplexing
• Spatial Diversity
• Beamforming
3. Basic Principles of MIMO
Multiple Antennas for Transmission and Reception
MIMO, which stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output, utilizes multiple antennas at both the transmitting and
receiving ends of a wireless communication system.
This means that instead of a single antenna at each end, there are multiple antennas, which can vary in number
(e.g., 2x2, 4x4, etc.).
Spatial Diversity in MIMO:
Spatial diversity is a fundamental principle of MIMO.
It leverages the presence of multiple antennas to improve signal reliability.
In the presence of fading and interference, MIMO systems can receive multiple copies of the same signal through
different paths (multipath propagation).
4. MIMO Configuration
Different MIMO Configurations
• MIMO technology can be configured in
various ways, denoted by numbers such as
2x2, 4x4, 8x8, and so on.
• The first number represents the number of
antennas used for transmission, and the
second number represents the number of
antennas used for reception.
Significance of MIMO Order
• The "MIMO order" or configuration plays a crucial role in
determining the capabilities and performance of a MIMO
system.
a. 2x2 MIMO: - It provides spatial diversity and some
degree of spatial multiplexing, enhancing signal reliability
and data throughput.
b. 4x4 MIMO: - In this setup, there are four antennas for
both transmission and reception. - It offers increased
data rates compared to 2x2 MIMO by enabling more
spatial multiplexing and diversity.
c. 8x8 MIMO: - An 8x8 MIMO configuration employs eight
antennas for both transmission and reception.
6. Concept of Spatial Multiplexing
Spatial Multiplexing in MIMO
• Spatial multiplexing is a key technique in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
Output) systems.
• It leverages the presence of multiple antennas to transmit multiple data
streams simultaneously over the same frequency band.
How Spatial Multiplexing Works:
• In MIMO, each antenna can transmit a unique data stream.
• Spatial multiplexing takes advantage of the spatial diversity provided by
multiple antennas to send different data streams in parallel.
• This technique increases the effective data throughput of the wireless
communication link.
7. Transmission in MIMO
system
Simultaneous Transmission in
MIMO system
• Transmitting Multiple Data
Streams Simultaneously
• Utilizing Multiple Antennas
• Parallel Data Streams
• Independent Data Paths
8. Diversity Techniques in MIMO
• MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems utilize diversity techniques to enhance signal reliability
and robustness.
• Two common diversity techniques in MIMO are spatial diversity and frequency diversity
1. Spatial Diversity
• Spatial diversity leverages multiple antennas to receive signals from different spatial paths.
• In a MIMO system, each antenna receives a slightly different version of the transmitted signal
due to reflections and scattering.
• This diversity helps mitigate fading and interference in wireless channels.
2. Frequency Diversity
• Frequency diversity involves transmitting the same data over multiple frequencies or frequency
bands.
• In MIMO, this can be achieved by using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or
transmitting on multiple subcarriers.
9. Future Applications of MIMO
Internet of Things (IoT)
Autonomous Vehicles
Smart Cities
Satellite Communication
Defense and Security
10. Conclusion
Key Points About MIMO Technology:
• MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is a transformative technology in wireless communication.
• It harnesses the power of multiple antennas for simultaneous data transmission and reception.
• MIMO enables spatial multiplexing, diversity, and beamforming techniques for improved data rates,
reliability, and spectrum efficiency.
Importance in Modern Wireless Communication
• MIMO is of paramount importance in modern wireless communication.
