Practical research quantitative research

1. Practical Research I
KIMBERLY M. CAINTOY
Course facilitator

2. QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH METHOD
NATURE AND INQUIRY

3. WHAT IS RESEARCH?

4. RESEARCH
Defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes
collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that aligns an
individual's speculation with reality.
Research includes any gathering of data,
information and facts for the advancement of
knowledge – Martin Shuttleworth.
Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze
information to increase our understanding a topic or issue.
It consist of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to
answer the question, and present an answer to the
question – Creswell.

5. RESEARCH
Research is a studious inquiry or examination; especially:
investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of the facts, revision of accepted theories or laws.
– Merriam Webster Online Dictionary
A careful inquiry or examination to discover new
information, relationship to expand and verify the
existing knowledge – Rummel, J Francis.
The pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation,
comparison, and experiment; the search for knowledge
through objective and systematic method. – Kothari, C.R

6. Research in our Daily Life

7. Research in our Daily Life
Research is the underpinning for a successful endeavor. Everything in
life, business, love, education, and family requires run-up as a new
beginning. Like offspring or seedling that needs to be taken cared of
become a useful tree.
Circumstances of our lives that will make us realize that research is indeed
important.
Research is the lifeblood for human modernization. Research is not just
simply knowing things or investigating before doing something. Research
must be done with scientific basis and uses scientific methods.

8. Importance and Purpose of Research
To solve problems.
To make a sound decision; is very vital to our everyday decision making
To obtain academic degrees
To unveil the truth
To acquaint with facts/happening
To find out casual/underlying relationship

9. Characteristic of Research
Empirical
Research is
based on direct
experience or
observation by
the researcher.
Logical Cyclical
Research is
based on valid
procedures and
principles.
Research is a
cyclical process
because it starts
with problem and
ends with
problem.

10. Characteristic of Research
Analytical
Research utilizes
proven analytical
procedures in
gathering the data,
whether historical,
descriptive,
experimental and case
study.
Critical Methodical
Research exhibits
careful and
precise
judgement.
Research is
conducted in a
methodical manner
without bias using
systematic method
and procedures.

11. Characteristic of Research
Replicability
The research design
and procedures are
replicated or
repeated to enable
the researcher to
arrive at valid and
conclusive

12. Types of Research
Basic
Research
This is also called as
“Fundamental
Research” or “Pure
Research”. It seeks to
discover basic truth or
principles.
Applied
Research
Developmental
Research
This type of research
involves seeking new
applications of
scientific knowledge
to solution the
problem, such as
development of new
procedure, new
device, or new
method in order to
solve the problem.
This is decision-
oriented research
involving the
application of the
steps of the
scientific method in
response to an
immediate need to
improve existing
practices.

13. Classification of Research
Library
Research
This is done in the
library where answers
to specific questions or
problems of the study
are available.
Field
Research
Laboratory
Research
Research is conducted
in a natural setting. The research is
conducted in
artificial or
controlled condition
by isolating the
study in a
thoroughly specified
area.

14. The Research Process
1. Identifying the problem
or question
Example: Childhood
Obesity
2. Review of Related
Literature
Look for similar studies
that have been
conducted.
3. Clarify the Problem –
specifically – identify the
purpose of the study.
The purpose of the
study is to determine if
walking 10,000 steps a
day for three days a
week improves a
person’s health.

15. The Research Process
4. Clearly define terms
and concepts
This is done so that
the readers
understand exactly
what each term
means.
5. Define the population
Children who are 10 to
12 years old.
6. Develop instrumentation
plan
Data will be collected on
the variables at the
beginning of the
program and at the
conclusion of the study.

16. The Research Process
7. Collect data
Collect the data on
the specified variables
at the first and last
session of the
program.
8. Analyze the Data
Compare data gathered
from each participant.
The first measurements
are compared to the
second measurements to
see if there is a
difference. Report the
results and the
differences if there are
any

17. Assignment
Make an essay why we need to study research. Provide
arguments and specific examples.

18. Ethics of Research
Ethical
considerations are
to the fore with
the development of
new technologies
Society is inherently
conservative and seeks
to set the limits of
research activity

19. Ethical Issues
Justification for the research
Access to participants/Privacy
Potential harm
Informed consent

20. Ethical Issues
Justification for the research
Access to participants/Privacy
Potential harm
Informed consent

21. Scope of Research Ethics
Ethical consideration cover all aspect of
research but they are fore-grounded when the
subject of the research are humans or animals.
Research involving human subjects in the
Medical, Social and Behavioral Sciences poses
complex ethical issues.

22. Scope of Research Ethics
It requires careful thought and consideration on
the part of both researchers and research
participants.
Prospective participants must be given adequate
information on both the possible risks and the
potential benefits of their involvement to allow
them to make informed decisions.

23. Autonomy and Vulnerable
Participants
The ethical principle of autonomy means that
each person should be given the respect, time,
and opportunity necessary to make his or her
own decisions.
Prospective participants must be given the
information they will need to decide to enter a
study or not to participate. There should be no
pressure to participate.

24. Autonomy and Vulnerable
Participants
Potentially vulnerable participants such as
children, the elderly, the mentally ill may be
incapable of understanding information that
would enable them to make an informed
decision about their participation.

25. Autonomy and Vulnerable
Participants
Consequently, careful consideration of
their situation and needs is required,
and extra care must be taken to
protect them.

26. Process of Obtaining Consent
Identify participant population
Produce information sheet and consent document
Obtain permission from school’s ethics committee
Present research information to participant and discuss
its contents – indicating that withdrawal at any time
is possible.
Answer participants question

27. Process of Obtaining Consent
Give a copy of the consent document
Allow the participant time to consider
Meet participant and discuss documents, to answer any
more questions and assess participants understanding
Obtain appropriate signed consent
Start research