Magazine in Punjabi Language

5. 3gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

6. 4gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

7. 5gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

8. eZbQ fJE/ c[Zb ;B
ozr ;[ozr/
wfjeK tzvd/
x{eo gkT[Ad/ w;s G"o/
nmy/bhnK eodhnK
fssbhnK.
g'b/ g'b/ gZp Xod/
;or'PhnK eod/
jZE S{jzd/, x[ZNd/,
cVQd/ ;[gB/ p[Dd/
nZyK ’u
nBzs ;[gB/ phid/
whAj ’u fGZid/
c[Zb, G"o/,
fssbhnK d/ N'b/.
nZi fJE/ ib^s'gK
Nhno r?;,
6gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
w[jkoBh gVQhJ/
n;hA c[ZbK tZN/
fbZd BjhA tNkT[Dh
eZbQ fJE/ c[Zb ;B
eZbQ th
fJE/ c[Zb j'Dr/.
p?AsK dh |;b
p{NK dh
drV drV
fyZbo/ gZEo,
fJZNK o'V/,
bj{ d/ s[ge/.
nZi fJE/ c[Zb,
fssbhnK BjhA
fjD^fjDkT[Ad/ x'V/
d[orzX c?bkT[Adh fbZd j?.
pk^j[ew`
;iktNh gZEo
jNkJ/ ik oj/ jB
jkewK ƒ
gZEoK dk f|eo j?
gZEo i' d/P^Xo'jh,
j' rJ/ ;B eZbQ.
wB ’u
T[~r oj/,
|?b oj/ |b oj/
gZEoK dk
f|eo eo'
;kƒ x'V/ BjhA,
c[Zb ukjhd/ jB.
;fjwhnK BIoK
ykw'P p[ZbQK dh
eZbQ J/E/ c[Zb ;B $ vkH ;[yd/t f;zx f;o;k

9. 7gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

10. w[V T[E'A jh $ ;opihs ;'jh
8gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
sBjkJh $ joPoB e"o
oks ƒ sBjkJh
fJ; Pfjo ’u'A
r[Iodh j?
jo fJwkos ƒ
nkgDh p[Zeb ’u b?
d{o o"PBh s'A
v{zxh jB/oh
r[|k pDdh j? .
jo fJwkos dk pkfPzdk
sBjkJh dh ukdo b?
fJZe eZuh BhAd ftZu
rV{zd nZX^guZX/
;[gfBnK dh p[Dsh ’u
bZr iKdk j?.
;t/o dh ;[Bfjoh
X[zd ftZu pkjo
nkgD/ jwBPhB dk
fujok Y{zvdk j? .
fJ; Pfjo dk
jo pzdk sBjk j?
nkgD/ nkg ftZu
Uj PpdK d/ ikb
nzdo c; iKdk j? .
fit/A e'Jh fBZek fijk
wZSo, wZeVh d/ ikb ’u
cVcVKdk s/ nkfyo
Yfj Y/oh j' iKdk j? .
fco sBjkJh
;dhth nwo j' r[Iodh j? .
oks ƒ sBjkJh
fJ; Pfjo ’u'A r[Iodh j? .

11. 9gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
ejkDh gkDh fgskHHH $ i;tho f;zx dhdkorVQ

12. 10gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

15. tzrko
s[;hA Gkt/A,
fezBk th esb eod/ oj'
e[ZyK ftZu
iK d[ZyK ftZu
wB[ZyK s/ o[ZyK ftZu
w?A fco th tzrko pDe/
g?dk j[zdh ojKrh
gZEoK ftu'A g[zroh
e{bh bro dh soQK.
ftek;^ftBk;
BfjoK B{z y/sK B/
y/sK B{z fgzvK B/
fgzvK B{z PfjoK B/,
PfjoK B{z p;shnK B/,
p;shnK B{z j;shnK B/,
e[ZM n?dK x/o fbn?.
ekdo dh e[dos s'A,
w[Zy pzfdnK c/o fbn?.
:'X/
;woZE j' e/ sK
jo e'Jh :[ZX eo ;edk j?
go wjkB j[zd/ jB
T[j :'X/
i' fBjZE/ j[zfdnK th
f;oV BjhA jkod/
jkbksK Bkb :[ZX eod/
w?dkB BjhA SZvd/
;r'A i'P dh w[Zeh B{z
;w/A dh fjZe ftZu
fJUA y'Gd/ jB
fit/A G{so/ jkEh d/
wZE/ pzBQhnK sthnK uhodh
GkJh pfuZso f;zx
dh BkrDh.
s{z fejk ;h
s{z fejk ;h
izrb dh nZr
p[ZMD s'A pknd
fco c[ZN nkT[AdhnK B/
broK
fco s'A wfjeK fpy/od/ B/
cb^c[Zb s/
pk}^p}hu/
fJ; Xos B{z
jfonk^Gfonk
oZyD bJh
go` n?E/ sK
Xos d/ fgzv/ s/
fco s'A T[Zr nkJ/ B/
ezv/, pko{d s/ eNkoK
fgzfvnK Bkb yfj e/
bj{^b[jkD j[zd/ fgzv/
fco izrb dh nZr tZb
s[o gJ/ B/.
s{z fejk ;h,
izrb dh nZr
p[ZMD s'A pknd
fco c[ZN nkT[AdhnK B/
broK.
13gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
eftsktK $ dbfizdo ofjb w[jKdok $ pwbihs wkB
r[Z;k s/o/ w[Zy dk
w[jKdok pdb fdzd?
s{z sK jZ;dk Jh iud?A.
wZE/ s/ Ifjoh ;Zg
Bk fpmkfJnk eo.
;[pe fij/ wB *s/
vzr tZid? s/
Ifjo uV iKd?.
fgnko dh [wkoh
S{ wzso j' iKdh
B;K *u y{B izw iKd?.
wKdoh d/ wzso
n;o BjhA eod?.
d[nk dko{ th ftnoE.
fgnko *u B|os dk
eh noE<
tZidh id ekbi/ S[oh
sK b{fjnK iKd?
;kok ti{d.
o'jh phnkpkB*u
yV;[Ze izvh tKr{z
fJeZbsk dk nfj;k;.
iK ezfvnkbh E'jo d/
ezv/ u[GD dh e;o.
r[Z;/ Bk j'fJnk eo
r[Z;k s/o/ w[Zy dk
w[jKdok pdb fdzd?
s{z sK jZ;dk Jh iud?A.

17. 15gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

18. 16gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

19. 17gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
eftsktK $ vkH dftzdo fpwok
ne; s/ok
X[zd ftZu
T[Godk ne; s/ok
s/o/ d[nkb/ x[zw oj/ pZdb
w?ƒ J/E/ p?m/ ƒ eo oj/ wdj'P
ikg/ jtk pD gj[zu frnk
fJZe fwZe j'
T[BQK pZdbK ’u w?A
ne; s/ok goSktK w/ok
x[bfwb oj/
eJh eJh ozr
cVQd/ SZvd/ T[V oj/
ikgd? s{z y[Pp{ pD
x[zw/ w/o/ d[nkb/
w?A P?dkJh fijk j'
s/o/ d[nkb/
fJj ;Zu j?
iK fe;/
e?Bt; s/ ozr
fdb fJZe feskp
fdb dhnK
fezBQhnK jh gosK
;kohnK gVQBhnK n"yhnK
tofenK tKr
T[BQK dh
frDsh e'Jh Bk
fJj c?bhnK
n;wkB s'A
gskb she
uzB skfonK s'A ;{oi she
;Zs ;w[zdo gko she
fd; jZd/ s'A th gko
eh e[ZM T[~efonk fgnk
e[ZM T[~eo fojk jo o'i
c/o th fezB/ jh toe/ ykbh
}wK Bkb fGZi/ eJh
eJh PowBke
eJh fgnko
dhnK ejkDhnK tkb/
fpojk tkb/
eJh tck tkb/,
p/tckJh tkb/
gSskt/ ƒ
eJh ;zGkbh p?m/
eJh T[vhe Bkb Go/
ftPtk; Go/, X'fynK Go/
M{m/, ;Zu/, b'G Go/
e[ZM cZNh tKr
g'u/ ikD o'i
c/o s'A ;'jD/ nZyoK ƒ
;ikT[D bJh
fJj toe/ Go/ gJ/
wwsk Bkb
fgnko Bkb
e[ZM ;[gfBnK Bkb
e[ZM nDej/ PpdK Bkb
eN/ cN/ , dod Go/
e[ZM fo;d/ IwK Bkb
fdb dhnK v{zxkJhnK ƒ
e'Jh Bk ikD/
Bk fdb tkbk
Bk fdb ftZu
tVB tkbk.
gq/wHHHH<
YkJh nZyo
s{zHHHw?A HHHs/ ng{oBsk
fJeso|k fyZu <
wB jkth
;'u ;[zB
;zs[PNh <
o{j oZih oZih
wB fsqgs
wzfBnk d/j w[jZps j?
w[jZps d/jHHHH
go o{j <
;[y s/ nkBzd <
tk;Bk ;[y
gq/w nkBzdHHHH
GNeD feT[A <
fsqgs wB
nfsqgs wB
e;s{oh <
GNeD
T[bMD
c/o ;t? sZe g[ZiDk
fsPBrh <
fyZu s/j
nfj;k;
fgnk;
jkT[ek <
p/tZ; r{zi
X[o sZe gj[zuHHHHHH
eftsk $ Bhb{ joP

22. 20gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

23. 21gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

24. 22gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

26. 24gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

27. 25gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

28. jtkb/ ns/ fN¤gDhnK
(1) vkH i;ftµdo f;µx, xo dk ihn, gµBk 73H
(2) T[jh, gµBk 74
(3) T[jh, gµBk 74
(4) T[jh, gµBk 72
(5) T[jh, gµBk 72
(6) T[jh, gµBk 77
(7) T[jh, gµBk 84
26gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
oks oks Go ikr ikr e/
bZfrnk ofjzdk jK
i[rB{z bZGD ftZu
wB eodk j?
;w/N e/ M'b/ ftZu
fJjBK i[rB{znK B{z
fBeb iktK
tes dh wko Bkb
g;o/ j'J/
jBQ/o/ d/
phnkpkB ftZu
tzvdk iktK
o"PBh d/ tzPi
fJj i[rB{z
T[jBK d/ Go';/ ns/
j'Dh Bkb gEok ojhnK
nZyK B{z
;dhnK s'A
jBQ/o/ d/ nkdh ;[gB/
dwB dh f;ZbQ Bkb
G[o G[ok e/ fpyo rJ/
nkgDh jh j'Ad B{z
BekoB bZr/ jB
fiBQK d/ ti{d
fdbkf;nK dh
gke Bkb GohnK
g"VhnK d/ EZb/
dhnK dhtkoK
s/ Go';/ dhnK szr rbhnK
BkbhnK ftZu
sVcd/ wo oj/
;[gfBnK d/ fgzio
fiT[A oj/ jB
T[vhe ftZu
:[rK :[rK s'A
;bhe/ Bkb
nzfsw fefonk dh
;BksB G[Zy d/ NKe/ bZrh
pugB dh jE/bh ftZu
w?A oZy d/Dk ukj[zdk jK
i[rB{z
ftPtk; dk, Go';/ dk
Go b?Dk ukj[zdk jK
nkgDh T[whd
d/ M'b/ ftZu
;Zu d/ i[rB{z
tes dhnK
;koh fInkdshnK B{z
nDd/fynk eoe/
eh gsk p[ZY/ j[zd/
dos d/ sD/ ftZu
fco c[ZN gt/
e'Jh BtK phiHHH.
;Zu d/ i[rB{z $ oth g[o'fjsoki;EkBh eftsk nB[tkdL nwoihs e"Ae/

30. 28gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

31. 29gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

32. 30gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

33. 31gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

36. 34gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

37. 35gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

38. 36gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
jtkb/ s/ fNgZDhnK
1H nkX[fBe gzikph ekft^o{g nfXn?B, gzBk 9
2H oxpho f;zx, :EkoEh, gzBk 32
3H See onLiterature P32
4H See IbidP 244
5HStudiesin EuropanRealism P 115
6H GeorgeLukacs, Meaning ofContemporaryRealism P97
7H GrtkB f;zx i'P,‘‘;wekbh ;wkie :EkoE ns/ fJBebkph
;kfjs’’, f;nkV, nes{Po 1973, gzBk 34
8H oftzdo f;zx oth,‘‘;wekbh :EkoE ns/ nkX[fBe
eftsk’’ fto;k s/ toswkB, gzBk 134
9H gzikph eftsk dk ftek; o[y ‘‘fto;k s/ toswkB, gzBk 87’’
!
n?;';hJ/N gq'c?;o
f;Zy B?PBb ekbi, pzrk.

39. u?B ukjhdk $ fBowbk f;zx
fdB ƒ Gkt/A Bro pDk bt'
oks ƒ Gkt/A e;pk jh ofjD fdU
xZN' xZN oks ƒ
BhAd sK w[nZ;o j't/rh
pugB dhnK :kdK torh
phs/ fdBK dk s;Zt[o j'trh
;t/o jh id'A
P'o ftu r[nkuD bZr/
fdB fet/A BtK Be'o oj/rk
pD e/ fJe p/tZ;
ue'o fijk ofj ikt/rk
go eh fJT[A j' ;e/rk
fgzv ;G e;p/ pD rJ/
s/ Bro ub gJ/
T[; okj s/ fiE/ pkjK nZvh
T[BQK dh okj d/y oj/ B/ wjkBro
ifjohbh j'Jh jtk
rZvhnK d/ gqd{PD
s/ P'o dk tk;sk
soZeh d/ Bkw s/
g[okD/ doys Yfj Y/oh j'J/
izrb ƒ uho frnk
niroK dk o;sk ykw'PhnK ƒ
g[oIk g[oIk eo frnk
tZv/ tZv/ tkjBK dk P'o
fet/A j[D izrb ftu BZu/rk w'o
w'o ƒ th P'o BjhA
u?B ukjhdk j?
go feE'A fbnkJhJ/<<<<
fgnko $ fozeh towk
‘c/o p[bkT[Dk’
w?ƒ efj e/
ubk frnk s{z
w?A ;'funk
fgnko sK y[d jh
fJe ;Zdk j?
c/o fJj p[bktk e?;k
id'A wfj;{; j'D bZrD
s?ƒ p/u?Bhnk
;kjK dh nZr ftu
s{z fgxbD bZr gt/A
tfjD bZr/ s/o/ nzdo
fJe o;Xkok
nkgD/ jh ;kj
s?ƒ ;zdbh bZrD
fJe y[wkoh fijh ftu
id'A s{z pfjeD bZr gt/A
fco nk ikthA
w?A T[E/ jh mfjoh jK
fiE'A ubk frnk ;h s{z
nZyK ftu T[vhe b? e/
gsk Bh fezBk tes r[Ifonk
gsk Bh fezB/ w";w phs/
go nkgD/ ;wogD Bkb
Go/ fgnkfbnK ftu'A
fJZe p{zd th xZN BjhA
j'D fdsh
s{z nk ikthA
fJjh fgnko j?
jK fJjh fgnko j?,HHHHHHH
io{oh j? y{B $ o'fjs e"fPe
iwhB s/ i' fd; fojk j?
y{B BjhA
y{B dk XZpk j?
y{B sK u{; fbnk
Xosh B/
;oho s/ i' fd; fojk j?
Iyw j?
dod sK u{; fbnk j?
;oho B/
e[M jh fdBK pknd
y{B d/ XZp/ s/
izw ikt/rh
X{V dh gos
j"bh j"bh fwN ikJ/rk
Iyw dk fBPkB th
e'Jh nZy
d/y BjhA ;e/rh
fdb d/ Iyw ƒ
Xosh u{; BjhA ;e/rh
;koh T[wo
fdb ftu'A
fo;d/ y{B ƒ
go okiBhsh bJh
io{oh B/ XZp/
io{oh j? y{B
s/ io{oh j?
y{B dh ehwsHHHHHHH
fjzdh eftsktK
gzikph nB[tkd L nwoihs e"Ae/
37gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

40. 38

41. gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017 39

42. 40

43. foPfsnK ƒ gzikph ;wki ftu ftP/P ;EkB gqkgs j?. i/eo fJj efj fbnk
ikt/ fe j'o ;fGnkukoK dh s[bBk ftu gzikph ;fGnkuko ftu foPfsnK ƒ e[M tX/o/ jh
wjZst fdZsk iKdk j? sK fJj nfseEBh BjhA j't/rh. t?;/ sK jo foPs/ dk nkgDk wjZst
j? gozs{ i/eo gzikph rhsK d/ gZy s'A d/yDk j't/ sK fdT[o^GoikJh s/ i/m Bkb ;pzfXs
pj[s ;ko/ rhs fwb iKd/ jB. rhs Gkt/A e'Jh b'erhs j't/ iK fco b'e gquZfbs rhs
fdT[o s/ i/m fJj d't/A gkso EK^EK nkg' nkgD/ tZyo/ o{gK ftu fuso/ fwb iKd/ jB.
fJjBK dk rhsK ftu ;ztkd w[Zy s"o s/ GoikJh Bkb jh uZbdk j?. fdT[o ƒ fiZE/ bkvbk
oZfynk frnk j? T[~E/ i/m ƒ jw/PK jh GoikJh dhnK BIoK ftu fJe fxqDk:'r gkso ti'A ftuodk fdykfJnk
iKdk j?.
xotkb/ dk tZvk Gok i/m nytkT[Adk j? i' gzikph rhsK ftu fInkdkso SVk jh ftykfJnk frnk j?.
“i/m dk ;zebg gzikp ftu gqufbs fpeowh ;zws Bkb ;pzfXs d/;h wjhB/ i/m s'A fbnk frnk j? i' fe d{;o/
frnkoK wjhfBnK s'A tZvk j[zdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktK rowh gZy'A fJj wjhBk ;G s'A sgP tkbk Gkt sfgnk j[zdk
j?. fJ; bJh i/m T[; wod iK gsBh d/ pZfunK dk skfJnk (sgkfJnk j'fJnk) nytkT[Adk j?.@1 i/m
GoikJh dh B'e^M'e dk ftPk d'rkDk rhsekoh ftu fJe wjZstg{oB ftPk j?. fi; ftu i/m ƒ nkw eoe/
fJe fxqDk:'r gkso ti'A fdykfJnk frnk j?. T[;ƒ d/to tKr GoikJh Bkb jk;k mZmk eoB dh y[Zb BjhA ;r'A
Gkt/A fezBk e[ ;kT[A feT[A Bk j't/ jw/Pk PZe dhnK BIoK Bkb d/fynk iKdk j? . T[;ƒ GoikJh dhnK yohnK
yohnK ;[DBhnK g?Adh hn:-
Gkph^ g[Zm/ st/ Bkb'A th ekbk s/ok ozr t/
pkoK fgzvK ftu'A Bk s{z fe;/ dh g;zd t/
fojk SVk s/ wbzr skJhT[A eo/A w?ƒ szr
t/ s[z SZv/rk Io{o w/oh fwZNh SkD e/
gzr/ b?Adk fco/ i/mk t/ s{z ikD ikD e/.
i/m^ oZp B/ sK fby/ w/o/ pV/ wzd/ Gkr Bh
w?A th fJzBk ezwK tb'A efonk fsnkr ;h
s?ƒ tfjw dh fpwkoh w?A sK gZek pqjwukoh
n?t/A G[Zb e/ s[jkv/ e'b wzik vfj frnk
Bh w?A nZXh oks T[~m e/ doK ’u pfj 2
fdT[o
Bkb ;pzX ;[ykt/A j'D dk ekoB fJj th j? fe T[j gsh dk S'Nk Gok j[zdk j? i' bkvbk oZfynk j[zdk j? idfe
i/m gsh Bkb'A tZvk j[zdk j?. GoikJh i/m d/ w[ekpb/ d/to Bkb jo soK dh rZb ;KMh eo b?Adh j?. “ i/ wB ftu
jk;k j't/ sK jh swkPk eoB ƒ ihn eodk j?. jk;/ s/ swkP/ fdT[o GoikJh ftu ubd/ ofjzd/ jB go i/m c[ZNh
nZy BjhA GkT[Adk ;h. i/m ƒ i/eo fe;/ ekoB ;j[o/ tZb'A fMVeK g?AdhnK jB sK Goikoh dk x[zv ftu'A th jk;k
o'fenK BjhA Wedk j[zdk sI:-
w/ok x[zv u'A fBeb frnk jk;k
GkJh ih d/ g?D i[ZshnK 3
i/m dk SVk j'Dk th fJe soK Bkb T[; bJh Pokg pD iKdk j? fiZE/ T[;ƒ pj[s ;kohnK go/PkBhnK dk
;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?.‘‘i/eo i/m SVk j't/ sK fco pj[s wkVk j[zdk j?. fco T[;ƒ ykj wykj jh PZe dh
fBrkj Bkb d/fynk iKdk j?, T[;ƒ skjB/ wko/ iKd/ jB, GoikJh p'b e[p'b th p'bdh j? go T[j ftukok u[Zg
ukg ;[Ddk ofjzdk j? ns/ nZr'A p'bdk BjhA.@4 eJh tko GoikJh d/ fttjko s'A szr nk e/ i/m IwhB ftu'A nZXk
gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
gzikph rhsK ftu i/m dk gkso $ g'qH jowB f;zx
41

44. fjZ;k S[vkT[D dh rZb eodk j? fiE/ Gkph bJh BthA ;wZf;nk T[sgzB j[zdh j?. “wkbtk fyZs/ d/ iZN gfotkoK
ftu nkgD/ fjZ;/ dh ;koh IwhB ikfJdkd Gok GoikJh ƒ d/D T[gozs SV/ i/m dh wzr o'Nh s/ ekw g{osh dh j?.
i/m GoikJh d/ foPs/ T[~go fwb d/ d'rkfDnK dh fJjh ;wZf;nk e/Adoh u{b pD e/ T[Godh j?. fJj d't/A wzrK
ik sK Gkph y[d g{ohnK eo/ iK fco e'Jh ;ke dk gqpzX eo/. xZN IwhB s/ T[wo d/ tZXD ekoB foPsk j[zdk th
BjhA s/ Gkph IwhB tzvD ;w/A nkgDh IwhB xND d/ vo'A j'o foPsk eotT[Adh th BjhA s/ i/m Bkb ;fjws th
BjhA j[zdh. fJ; ;fEsh ftu SV/ i/m nZr/ n"os dh gqkgsh dk wkwbk ;t?wkB i[V e/ fteokb o{g XkoB eo
b?Adk j?.@5 fJ; ;fEsh ftu w[Zb dh shthA fbnk e/ ftnkj eotkfJnk iKdk j? s/ ;oheK ftu m[Ze pzBh jWdIj?
iK fco nkgD/ fjZ;/ dh IwhB ikfJdkd nZv eo d/D dk w;bk T[mkfJnk iKdk j?. Gok$GoikJh bJh fJj
fJwfsjkB dh xVh j[zdh j? fi; dk jZb T[BQK nkg jh sbkPDk j[zdk j? fJZE/ nk e/ eJh tko n"os dk gshtosk
j'D dk ;zebg th N[ZNdk gqshs j[zdk hY:-
;kok fdB fBrQk ofjzdh w/o/ ftu uzdo/ dh
i/m ƒ e;{sh MZ; g? rJh t/ ;[D wZyDk
T[jdh Pow^P[ow ;G bfj rJh t/ j[D wZyDk 6
eJh tko S'Nh GoikJh pdfe;wsh Bkb ftXtk j't/ sK th eJh jkbsK ftu T[;ƒ i/m dhnK
tXhehnK ;fjD eoBhnK g?AdhnK jB. SVk i/m eJh tko nkgDh ikfJdkd d/ fJtI ftu th GoikJh s/ E'Vk
jZe oZydk j? go nfij/ ;pzX fizB/ fJ; foPs/ ftu pdBkw jB , T[B/ fJ; gZy s'A ;jh gVskb ehfsnK BjhA
fwbd/.@7 i/m GoikJh dk foPsk sbyhnK Gog{o jh BjhA ;r'A fiE/ fes/ th w"ek fwb/ fJ; ftu jk; o; th
go'fJnk fwbdk j?.
es{fonK d/ tKr{ ;kv/ i/m d/ fBnkD/
;KG/ BjhA iKd/ ;kE'A y;wK d/ ykD/ 8
fJjBK rhsK ftu feXo/ th i/m ƒ ;fseko dh GktBK Bkb fusfonk BjhA fwbdk. n;b ftu xo dk
tZvk w?Apo j'D d/ Bks/ pj[s ;kohnK fizw/tkohnK T[;d/ f;o jB. gfotko ftu fgsk s'A pknd i/eo e'Jh j'o
xo ftu tZvk ;h sK T[j i/m jh ;h. fgsk dh w"s T[gozs iK fco T[;dh r?ojkIoh ftu xo d/ ;ko/ ezwK dh
fIzw/tkoh tZv/ g[Zso dh ;h. T[j nkg th pkeh G?D^GoktK ƒ nkgD/ s'A S'N/ ikDfdnK T[jBK gqsh pDd/ coI g{o/
eodk ;h. eJh tko fgsk dh w"s j' ikD T[gozs T[j nkg jh fgsk d/ ;ko/ eko ftjko ƒ g{ok eodk ;h fi;
ftu nkg s'A S'N/ G?D^GoktK d/ ftnkj eoBk th Pkfwb ;h. fJj ;ko/ coI fBGkT[fdnK T[;dk nkg T[wo
ftu tZvk j' ikDk ;[Gkfte ;h. fJjBK fIzw/tkohnK d/ uZbfdnK nkgDh T[wo d/ fInkdk tXD eoe/ T[; bJh
e'Jh ;ke i[VBk w[Pfeb j' iKdk s/ e'Jh th nkgDh Xh dk foPsk eoB bJh th nkw eoe/ ;fjws BjhA j[zdk
;h s/ T[;ƒ ;koh T[wo SVk ofj e/ jh r[IkoBh g?Adh ;h. gzikph rhsK ftu i/m dh PyPhns d/ fJ; gZy ƒ
feXo/ th fusfonk BjhA fwbdk fi; ftu T[;dhnK fIzw/tkohnK T[~s/ ns/ T[; tZb'A fBGkJ/ iKd/ coIK T[~s/
ukBDk gkfJnk frnk j't/. ;wki ftu d/fynK nkw eoe/ pj[s ;ko/ xoK ftu i/m ƒ ;fsekfos Wspk
fwfbnk j{zdk j? s/ pj[sh EKJhA S'NhnK GoikJhnK tZb'A T[;ƒ p[bkT[D bJh ‘GkJh ih’ BK d/ ftP/P Ppd dh
tos'A th ehsh iKdh j? i' fe T[;d/ ;fseko dh rtkjh j? gozs{ rhsK ftubk ‘i/m’ fJ; gqeko dk feXo/ th BIo
BjhA nkT[Adk.
jtkb/ ns/ fNZgDhnK
1H ib"o f;zx yhtk, gzikph ;fGnkuko ftu foPfsnK dh ;zpkfdesk, u/sBk gqekPB, b[fXnkDk, 2010,
gzBk^18.
2H rhseko uso f;zx gotkBk, rkfJe nihs okjh s/ Bfozdo phpk, ;hH vhH eb?ohnk w'ok t/, ;zrhseko e/H
n?;H Bo{bk, ;ko/rkwk fJzvhnk fbfwfNv, 2005, rhs BzH^5.
42gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017

45. 3H joe/P f;zx efjb, b'erhsK ftu gzikph ihtB, ;zrw gpbhe/PBI ;wkDk, 2009, gzBk^64.
4H e[bftzdo e"o ShBk, gzikph b'erhsK ftu foPsk^Bksk gqDkbh, oth ;kfjs gqekPB nzfwqs;o, 2004,
gzBk^28.
5H i;ftzdo Powk, jkPhnk, ngq?b^i{B 2008, gzBk^62.
6H rkfJe eoB?b frZb s/ ;[fozdo e"o.
7H e[bftzdo e"o ShBk, gzikph b'erhsK ftu foPsk^Bksk gqDkbh, oth ;kfjs gqekPB nzfwqs;o, 2004,
gzBk^59.
8H jod/t fdbrho, Bkr bV t/ frnk, dopko gpfbfPzr jkT{; nzfwqs;o, 1969, gzBk^73.
43gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017
eftsk $ dftzdo e"o dth
w?A T[j o/s eDh jK
fiE/ th ftPokw eodh jK
nkgD/ fgzv s/
fgzv f;oi b?Adh jK
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fcZek BjhA g?Adk
w?A T[j gfjbh p{zd jK
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T[j bfjo jK w?A
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s{z f;oc fJj g[ZS
fe eh BjhA jK w?A <
;jkfJe gq'c?;o, w[bskBh wZb w'dh ekbi
gfNnkbk.
eftsktK $ r[oi'X e"o
T[whd
eVh fwjBs s'A pknd
fezBhnK jh T[whdK, T[wzrK
s/ y[Ph Bkb Gfonk
frnk id'A s/o/ d[nko s/ j' e/
fBwkDk fijk
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fit/A f;ZXk j/mK
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s/oh fJZe ‘Bk’ d/ Bkb.
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fe;/ dk dod tzvkT[Dk
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wdd eoBk uzrk j[zdk j? <
j"Ae/ GofdnK B{z
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wsbph fejk iKdk j?.

46. 44

47. gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017 45

48. gqfswkB $ ngq?b^i{B 2017 46

49. 47

50. 48