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Dyeing of polyester at low temperature
1.
2.
3. INTRODUCTION OF POLYESTER
Polyester fibre is hydrophobic and characterized by crystalline
structure
The most common dyestuffs used to dye PES fibres are disperse
dyes
Water insoluble dyes are suitable
Lower molecular weight of dye have a faster dyeing rate
Dispersing agent must be needed
Usually high temperature need to dye polyester
Polyester fibers have a high glass transition temperature,
approximately 80°C
4. DYEING at LOW TEMPERATURE (≤40°C)
Method
Emulsion dyeing system
Prepared by ultrasonic agitation
Composed of a small proportion of organic solvent (alkyl
halogen) and phosphogliceride as the emulsifier
Applying high, medium, and low molecular weight disperse
dyes
5. USING DYES
Disperse Dyes Molecular Weight
Red Foron E-2GL
Low Molecular Weight
Blue Foron E-2RLS
Yellow Foron SE-4GRL
Medium Molecular Weight
Red Foron SE-GL
Blue Foron S-BGL
High Molecular Weight
Yellow Foron S-4GL
6. CHEMICALS with FUNCTION
Methylene Chloride
(12 ml)
Phosphoglyceride
(Lecithin 2.4 g/l)
It is used as dipersing agent
which is to lead segmental
movement of the fibre and
solubilized dye and emulsifier.
It is used as emulsifier which is
surface active agent, it helps
emulsion to remain in stable
form.
7. BEFORE DYEING,
The fibers were washed with a nonionic
surfactant as follows:
Sandozina NIA (Sandoz),(0.5 g/l)
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (4 g/l)
Washing at 65°C temperature, and duration 30
minutes
Five rinses wash with double distilled water
8. MACHINERY with APPLICATION
Launder-Ometer
Spectrophotometer
The ultrasound
apparatus
Laser diffraction device
Used for dyeing trials
Used for determine the
dye in aquous solution
Used to prepare the
microemulsions
Used to determine
particle size
9. DYEING KINETICS and RATE CONSTANT
Fig-1: Dyeing kinetics of Red Foron E-2GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low temperatures of
20. 30. 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) and soya lecithin (2.4g/l).
DyeAbsorption
Time
10. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-2: Dyeing kinetics of Blue Foron E-2RLS absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in presence of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) and
soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
11. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-3: Dyeing kinetics of Yellow Foron SE-4GRL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml) and
soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
12. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-4: Dyeing kinetics of Red Foron SE-GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
13. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-5: Dyeing kinetics of Blue Foron S-BGL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride ( 12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
14. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-6: Dyeing kinetics of Yellow Foron S-4GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20. 30. 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
15. ACTIVATION ENERGY
Activation energies range from 20-40 Kcal.mol-1; these values
are similar to those achieved in traditional dyeing with a carrier.
Table-1: Activation energies of polyester dyeing at low temperatures with
disperse dyes.
16. Table-2: Color fastness to dry heat of polyester dyed with conventional
procedure with carrier (7 ml/l of dilatina BN of Sandoz) and with proposed
emulsion dyeing system.
COLOR FASTNESS to DRY HEAT
17. DIFFUSION of DYE DEPENDS on
In inner diffusion,
Local rate of dye transport
The geometry of the medium
Radius of the cross section
18. DIFFERENCE between CARRIER and EMULSION
DYEING SYSTEM
Carrier Method Emulsion Method
Polyester dyeing temperature at 100°C
in this system
Polyester dyeing temperature at ≤40°C
in this system
Structural transformations that are
sometimes undesirable, because the
carrier can partly plasticize the fibers
Undesirable structural transformations
is not occurred in this system
Machinery cost is high than the
emulsion dyeing system
Machinery cost is low than the carrier
method
Less time than emulsion dyeing system More time required
Less dye absorption rate than emulsion
method
High dye absorption rate
19. ADVANTAGES of EMULSION DYEING SYSTEM
Less temperature
Less cost
Save electricity
Can be apply high, medium, and low molecular weight
disperse dyes
Good fastness properties and without significantly
altering the microstructure
Dye exhaustion is higher than 90% at 40°C and 180
min for low,intermediate molecular weight
20. SHORT SUMMARY
Small amounts of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) are dispersed in
water by ultrasound and stabilized with lecithin.
Dyeing kinetics are good for this method with disperse dyes of
high, intermediate, and low molecular weight.
Dye exhaustion is higher than 90% at a temperature of 40°C and
time of 180 minutes for low and, intermediate molecular weight
dyes.
Dye exhaustion is lower with the highest molecular weight
dyes.
Activation energies vary between 20-40 kcal/mol.
So, we should apply these emulsion dyeing procedure for
polyester at low temperature with disperse dyes.