about vegetables and dishes

1. LESSON 4: GATHERING
INFORMATION AND SUMMARIZING
FINDINGS
PRESENTED BY:
NATASHA YAP
IRINE CONSTANTINO
JAMES PAUL DE VILL

2. GATHERING INFORMATION AND
SUMMARIZING FINDINGS
ADVANTAGE:
COLLECTING DATA CAN HELP MEASURE A GENERAL
STATE OF AFFAIRS, NOT LIMITED TO SPECIFIC
CASES OR EVENTS. WHEN DATA IS GATHERED,
TRACKED AND ANALYZED IN A CREDIBLE WAY
OVER TIME, IT BECOMES POSSIBLE TO MEASURE
PROGRESS AND SUCCESS.

3. DISADVANTAGE
• THE DISADVANTAGES OF COLLECTING DATA
THROUGH PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION ARE (1)
COSTLY STAFF NECESSARY TO CONDUCT THE
RESEARCH OBSERVATIONS; (2) THE RESEARCH CAN
BE QUITE TIME CONSUMING; (3) THE PROBLEM OF
FITTING THE OBSERVER INTO THE SETTING OF
RESEARCH INTEREST UNOBTRUSIVELY AND
WITHOUT PUBLICITY

4. THE IMPORTANCE OF GATHERING INFORMATION
AND SUMMARIZING FINDINGS IS TO TAKE
DECISIONS RELATED TO THE INFORMATION
AVAILABLE AND ALSO TO UNDERSTAND HOW
HELPFUL IS THE INFORMATION THAT WILL ASSIST
IN CARRYING FORWARD THE RESEARCH WORK.

5. YOUR GOAL FOR INITIAL INFORMATION
GATHERING IS TO BUILD A FOUNDATION OF
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT YOUR TOPIC. YOUR
RESULT WILL BE NARROWING YOUR SUBJECT
INTO A FOCUSED TOPIC THAT IS NOT TOO
BROAD NOR TOO NARROW.

6. DATA
IS REFERRED TO AS A COLLECTION OF FACTS,
SUCH AS VALUES OR MEASUREMENTS,
OBSERVATION OR EVEN JUST DESCRIPTIONS OF
THINGS. DATA CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA.

7. PRIMARY DATA
ARE THOSE THAT YOU HAVE COLLECTED YOURSELF
OR THE DATA COLLECTED
AT SOURCE OR THE DATA ORIGINALLY COLLECTED BY
INDIVIDUALS, FOCUS GROUPS, AND A PANEL OF
RESPONDENTS SPECIFICALLY SET UP BY THE
RESEARCHER WHOSE OPINIONS MAY BE SOUGHT ON
SPECIFIC ISSUES FROM TIME TO TIME (MATT, 2001),
(AFONJA, 2001).

8. SECONDARY DATA
RESEARCH PROJECT INVOLVES THE GATHERING AND/OR
USE OF EXISTING DATA FOR WHICH THEY WERE
ORIGINALLY COLLECTED, FOR EXAMPLE, COMPUTERIZED
DATABASE, COMPANY RECORDS OR ARCHIVES,
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS, INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
OFFERED BY THE MEDIA, INFORMATION SYSTEM AND
COMPUTERIZED OR MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND SO ON (TIM ,1997),
(MATT, 2001)

9. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF DATA, ALTHOUGH NOT ALL
EVALUATIONS WILL NECESSARILY INCLUDE BOTH.
1. QUANTITATIVE DATA ARE MAINLY NUMBERS.
IT REFERS TO THE INFORMATION THAT IS COLLECTED AS, OR CAN
BE TRANSLATED INTO, NUMBERS, WHICH CAN THEN BE DISPLAYED
AND ANALYZED MATHEMATICALLY. QUANTITATIVE DATA ARE
STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED IN NATURE. STRUCTURED DATA
CAN BE PRODUCED BY CLOSED
QUESTIONS, UNSTRUCTURED DATA CAN BE PRODUCED BY OPEN
QUESTIONS.
(CHECKLAND ET AL 1998), (MATT, 2001), (BURCHFIELD, 1996),

10. 2. QUALITATIVE DATA IS DATA THAT IS MAINLY
WORDS, SOUNDS OR IMAGES.
UNLIKE NUMBERS OR “HARD DATA”, QUALITATIVE
INFORMATION TENDS TO BE “SOFT,” MEANING
IT CAN’T ALWAYS BE REDUCED TO SOMETHING
DEFINITE. THAT IS IN SOME WAYS A WEAKNESS, BUT
IT‟S ALSO A STRENGTH. A NUMBER MAY TELL (MATT,
2001), ( AFONJA, 2001), (BURCHFIELD, 1996)

11. THANKS MADAM!!!