Human Dimension

1. 1
“Training for warfighting is our number one priority in peace and in war. Warfighting readiness is derived
from tactical and technical competence and confidence. Competence relates to the ability to fight our
doctrine through tactical and technical execution. Confidence is the individual and collective belief that we
can do all things better than the adversary and the unit possesses the trust and will to accomplish the
mission.”
FM 7-0, Training the Force
“Training for warfighting is our number one priority in peace and in war. Warfighting readiness is derived
from tactical and technical competence and confidence. Competence relates to the ability to fight our
doctrine through tactical and technical execution. Confidence is the individual and collective belief that we
can do all things better than the adversary and the unit possesses the trust and will to accomplish the
mission.”
FM 7-0, Training the Force
Victory Starts Here
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum
Operations
Recruit-Access-Train-Retain-Develop
3c

2. 2
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Recruit-Access
1. We have the highest quality force in Army history in
terms of education and ability (ASVAB)
2. Things that are changing
3. Things that do not change
4. How DCG-IMT might prepare, support, and sustain
AMF in FSO.

3. 3
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Population
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Population
• Entry Fitness
• Coping Skills
• Nutrition
• Bone density
• Iron & b vitamin levels
• Entry Fitness
• Coping Skills
• Nutrition
• Bone density
• Iron & b vitamin levels
?
• Over fat
• Dysfunctional
families
• Asthma
• Over fat
• Dysfunctional
families
• Asthma
1980 2015
Source: CDC
• 90% spend 90% time indoors
• 14% obese; 25% OW
• 75% not have regular fitness in HS
• 90% bused to school
• 75% less contact with adults
• Fast food diets (even in HS)
• Entry fitness down
• 25% from single parent families
• 63% from dual-income families
• Dysfunctional families (ACE)
By 2020, 52.5% of recruitable population will be medically disqualified
“Impact of Physical, Behavioral, and Moral Disqualification of Prime Market” 2005

4. 4
Age (years)
45403530252015
Bodyweight(kg)
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
2000
1984
1864
Male Soldiers
1864 1919 1946 1984 2000
Age (y) 25.7 24.9 24.3 26.3 26.3
Ht (in) 67.2 67.7 68.4 68.6 69.6
BW (lb) 141 145 155 167 178
BF(%) 16.9 15.7 14.4 17.3 17.0
FFM (lb) 117 122 133 138 148
+30 lbs lean mass
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight

5. 5
20
36
19
56
24
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
Male 20 19 24
Female 36 56 55
Caucasion Black Hispanic
% 17-20 y/o Who Do Not Meet Army Accession Weight Standards
Source: Nolte et al, “U.S. Military Weight Standards: What Percentage of U.S. Adults Meet
the Current Standards?” The American Journal of Medicine, Vol 113, Oct 15, 2002
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight

6. 6
27
48.6
25.6
75.6
32.4
74
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%
Caucasion Black Hispanic
Male 2015
Female 2015
% 17-20 y/o Who Will Not Meet Army Accession Weight Standards in 2015
Projection based on 35% increase predicted by bariatric experts.
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Weight

7. 7
Entry Fitness: 1-1-1 in RECBN
Males: Overall failure rate (at least one event failed):
17.86%
Females: Overall failure rate (at least one event failed):
34.57%
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Entry Fitness
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Entry Fitness
1—1-1 PT stds on slide 25

8. 8
• Body iron stores were low pre-BCT (56%)
and decreased further by graduation
(84%)
• Anemia was correlated with poor PT
performance
• B vitamin levels were low normal pre-BCT
and “decreased significantly over BCT.”
• Menu was adequate in energy, but
inadequate in B6, folic acid, calcium,
magnesium, iron, and zinc.
• Way Ahead: Improved rations
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Things That Are Changing: Nutrition
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Things That Are Changing: Nutrition
Source: “Health, Performance, and Nutritional Status of U.S. Army Women during Basic Combat
Training,” (1995)(ADA302042)
NOTE: Study BCT menu governed by the 1985 AR 40-25

9. 9
Admiral Nelson 11 March 1804 to Dr. Mosely:
“The greatest thing in all military service is health; and you will agree with
me that it is easier for an officer to keep men healthy than it is for a
• BCT Injuries
– Males: 19-37% injured
– Females: 42-67% injured
• Most injuries = lower extremity
(low back, pelvis, hip and leg)
– Males: 83% of all injuries
– Females: 87% of all injuries
• BCT grads arriving injured at AIT :
– 28% men
– 48% women
• Lower limb stress fractures are trending up from
2.1% (FY04) to 3.4% (FY06)(3+K/year)
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Things That Are Changing: Injuries
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Things That Are Changing: Injuries
Sources: CHPPM, AMEDDC&S OPN Aegis, OTSG

10. 10
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Families
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Families
Wolfe, J. (1996-2000). Adaptation to First-Term Enlistment Among Women in the Marine Corps. DAMD
17-95-1-5047.
Adverse Childhood Experiences
(ACE)
1. Associated high-risk behaviors
(sex, drugs, smoking, etc.)
2. Associated impacts (health,
disease, poor job performance,
depression, etc.).
3. Treatable.
USMC
Sample
National
Samples
Men Women Men Women
Child
physical
26.7 38.3 3.2 4.8
Child
sexual
14.7 51.0 3-16 12-27
Diminished brain development.

11. 11
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Education
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Changing: Education

12. 12
ARMED SERVICES VOCATIONAL APTITUDE BATTERY (ASVAB)
TARGET
8%28%34%21%9%
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Not Changing: Ability
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Things That Are Not Changing: Ability
Ability is distributed unequally in the population
212 recruited MOS have different requirements
Ability is only one variable for success
Ability can be overwhelmed by fatique, task-loading, and poor design
I
II
IIIB
IV
IIIA
8%
28%
17%
17%
21%
II
I
III
A
III
B
IVV

13. 13
* Estimate based on 2005 Camber Prime Market Study; 2005 DOD QMA Study; 2005 Woods & Poole (2006 projections)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
Potential Market Qualified Market Prime Market
Millions
Incarcerated 0.6
Disqualified 13.9
• Medical
• Mental
• Moral
In-Military 1.1
HSDG IIIB 1.9
HSDG Female I-IIIA
3.0
30.8 M
2.2 M
14 M
HSDG Male I-IIIA 3.4 HSDG Male I-IIIA 3.4 HSDG Male I-IIIA 2.2
HSDG < CAT IIIB 2.6
17-24 YO Youth
Population (M/F)
Total Market minus
- Disqualified
Potential Market minus
- Cat IV
- Non-HSDG
Qualified Market minus
- IIIB
- I-IIIA Females
- No Waivers (1.2 M)
Less than 3
of 10 (17-24
YOs) are fully
qualified to
serve
Youth Market
8.3 M
Disqualified
Morally/Dependent/
Overweight
Medically Disqualified
Require a
Medical/Moral Waiver
Fully Qualified
10.7
6.1
5.2
8.8
Non-HSDG 3.1
HSDG Female I-IIIA
3.0
HSDG IIIB 1.9
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Impact
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
Impact
Recruiters
must focus
on finding
the 7.1%
(Prime
Market)
Numbers BEFORE
Propensity is
considered

14. 14
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
How DCG-IMT might prepare, support, and sustain AMF in FSO
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Recruit-Access
How DCG-IMT might prepare, support, and sustain AMF in FSO
• Broaden qualified market
• Improve incentives
• Improve access to testing and physicals
• Improve Soldier-MOS matching (ARI Select 21)
• Develop individual success predictors (vice population
characteristics)
• Possible national fitness high school grad standard
• Possible national language-cultural awareness HS
programs
• Possible pre-military development programs

15. 15
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
How DCG-IMT might prepare, support, and sustain AMF in FSO
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
How DCG-IMT might prepare, support, and sustain AMF in FSO
Train Army Modular Force for Full Spectrum
Operations
• Teamwork: Soldier-Collective Warrior Task Integration
• Cultural awareness and languages
• Positive Leadership
• Leader Development
• Adaptive Thinking
• Tools: Combat Leader’s Guide
• Combat Fitness Concept
• Combat Marksmanship Concept

16. 16
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Teamwork: Soldier-Collective Task Integration
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Teamwork: Soldier-Collective Task Integration
• As much as 70% of unit performance can be teamwork
• Train Soldier tasks in collective context
• Provide CTC-like capabilities by level in IMT & units
• Design training courses backwards from collective tasks
• Create joint, combined, and multi-national training opportunities

17. 17
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Cultural Awareness and Languages
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Cultural Awareness and Languages
• Predicting outyear language inventory needs can be problematic
• Automated translation tools yield ‘technology leverage’
• Cultural awareness model (COL Wayne Gosnell, PhD) possible tool
• Improved language immersion training in country with functional
applied testing re British Army model a possible ‘way ahead’
• Create multi-national training opportunities (unit exchange programs)
1. Possible COA to recruit foreign non-
citizens with careful controls
2. Possible COA to establish a national
language education program in HS
and colleges

18. 18
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Positive Leadership
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Positive Leadership
USMA Peak Performance
Model:
Training the Warrior
Pentathlete
Peak
Performance
Attention
Control
Cognitive
Foundation
s
Goal
Setting
Visualizatio
n =
Stress &
Energy
Mgmt
ARI – Infantry Forces Research Unit United States Olympic Committee 1998
The most critical training that prepared Soldiers for
efficient and effective task accomplishment under life-
threatening, fast-paced, and stressful conditions are:
• time management
• command of the basics
• skill mastery
• combat focus
• Visualization
• repetition, and
• the use of job aids
Human performance at elite levels is heavily
dependent upon intangible, mental factors, i.e.
• confidence despite setbacks,
• concentration amidst distractions,
• composure during times of stress.
Physical
Technical
Tactical
Mental
Emotional
Self Regulating
Instinctive
Adaptive
Agile
Mental Effort
Warrior
Mindset
Build confidence
Control attention
Recover energy
‘See’ the battlefield
Combat PT
8-Step AAR
Rote Repetition
Self critical
Analytical
Judgmental
Physical effort

19. 19
Expert Patterns of Battlefield
Thinking
 Keep a focus on mission
accomplishment and higher
commander's intent.
 Model a thinking enemy.
 Consider effects of terrain.
 Use all elements/systems
available.
 Include considerations of timing.
 Exhibit visualizations that are
dynamic and proactive.
 Consider contingencies and
remain flexible.
 Consider how your fight fits into
the bigger picture from friendly and
enemy perspectives.
no TLAC training and no
OIF/OEF experience
no TLAC training and
OIF/OEF experience
TLAC training (with classroom
instructor) but no OIF/OEF experience
Training critical thinking works!
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Adaptive Thinking
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Adaptive Thinking
Source: ARI

20. 20
PERCENT
INITIAL
EFFECTIVENESS
100
80
60
40
20
24 48 72 96 120
MISSION HOURS
COORDINATION AND
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
COMMAND
AND
CONTROL
MECHANIZED
INFANTRY
CONFIDENCE
P
E
R
C
E
N
T
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
RANK
SGT SSG SFC MSGSGM2LT 1LT CPTMAJ LTC COL BG
NO CLG
WITH CLG
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Tools: Combat Leader’s Guide
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Tools: Combat Leader’s Guide
How confident are you in your Soldier’s
ability to perform their combat missions
with and without the CLG?
(ARI Research Report)
Soldier’s ability to perform
complex mental functions
decreases by time.

21. 21
Task-based Combat Fitness with Fighting Load with Fire Team Elements
2-mile road march
Scored on both time and TTP
Supply
or
Sandba
g
stack
(time)
C4
pit
C4
pit
grenade
throw
Truck
Dismount
Or
Convoy
React to Ambush
low
wall
cross
dry
gulch
jump
high
wall
cross
3 sec burst
up-down
assault
(time)
low crawl casualty
carry
Simunition
engagement
Not to
scale
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Fitness Concept
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Fitness Concept
Reverse the course with 2 or 4 Soldier combat litter carry

22. 22
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Marksmanship Concept
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Marksmanship Concept
• Integrated rifle-optics-ammunition-targets-training strategy
• Targets:
•Simple, deployable targets (kill-reset)
•Rocking or moving
•Physiologically-based kill zone scoring
•Shoot-back targets (Simunition©)
•Ballistic mass requiring multiple hits
• Fire and maneuver CTC-like ranges
• Possible high-low standards/ammunition mix by MOS
Body armor, rifle, and vehicle interfaces
can be critical

23. 23
M16A2 10-Round Shot Group Extreme Spread
100 300200 400 500 550 600 700 800
M4A1/ACOG 4x W/ MK 262 MOD 1 10-Round Group Extreme Spread
100 300200 400 500 550 600 700 800
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Marksmanship Concept
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Train
Combat Marksmanship Concept
An optical sight and great ammunition makes a difference*
* Firing was done from the shoulder on a bench

24. 24
We’ve been here before
We’ve done this before
We know how to do this well
We have confidence in ourselves and our leaders
Our team can win
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Summary: Preparing Warfighters for
Combat
The Human Dimension in Full Spectrum Operations
Summary: Preparing Warfighters for
Combat
Elements of
Effective
Stress
Innoculation

25. 25
Back Up

26. 26
1-1-1 Entry Test
Event Male Female
17-34 y/o
Run 1 mile <8:31 <10:31
SU 1 min 17 17
PU 1 min 13 3
> 35 y/o
Run 1 mile <8:45 <11:00
SU 1 min 14 14
PU 1 min 12 2