Plastic pollution involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans.[1] Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro-, meso-, or macrodebris, based on size.[2] The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being inexpensive and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans.[3] However, it is slow to degrade.[4] Plastic pollution can unfavorably affect lands, waterways and oceans. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can also be affected through entanglement, direct ingestion of plastic waste, or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that cause interruptions in biological functions. Humans are also affected by plastic pollution, such as through the disruption of the thyroid hormone axis or hormone levels. In the UK alone, more than 5 million tonnes of plastic are consumed each year, of which an estimated mere 24% makes it into recycling systems. That leaves a remaining 3.8 million tonnes of waste, destined for landfills.[5][6] Plastic reduction efforts have occurred in some areas in attempts to reduce plastic consumption and pollution and promote plastic recycling.

1. PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Seminar Report / Project Report is submitted to
BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY
Under the guidance of
Prof (Dr.) N.N BALA,
Principal
Presented By,
Arindam Mukherjee
B.Pharm. 6th Sem.
University Roll No- 20101914010
Registration No- 142010210012
&
Dipu Batabyal
B.Pharm. 6th Sem.
University Roll No- 20101914020
Registration No- 142010210023
BCDA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to Maulana Abul Kamal Azad University of Technology (Formerly known as West Bengal University of
Technology),Kolkata
78, Jessore road (South), Hridaypur, Barasat, Kolkata-700127
INDIA
2017

2. Topics to be covered1. Definition of plastic.
2. Classifications of Plastics.
3. Advantages & Disadvantages of Plastics.
4. Plastic waste.
5. Plastics as a pharmaceutical waste.
6. Classification of plastics' waste based on medical products.
7. Adverse effect of plastics.
8. Effects on Human Health.
9. Technologies of waste Management.
A. Recycling of plastics through environmental manner.
B. Plasma Pyrolysis Technology .
C. Conversion of Plastics Waste into liquid fuel .
10. Benefits of Recycling Medicinal Waste.
11. Categorizing of plastics.
12. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 What‘s New?.
13. Conclusion.
14. References.

3. Definition of plastic
• The word 'Plastic' is derived from the
Greek word 'Plastikos' meaning fit for
moulding & 'Plastos' meaning
moulded.
• The term “plastics” include materials
composed of various elements such as
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
chlorine & sulphur,
• Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride ,
polystyrene is largely used in the
manufacturing plastics.
• The first human-made plastic,
parkesine, later called cellulose, was
invented by Alexander Parkes in 1855.

4. Classifications of Plastics
Thermoplastics:-
• Thermoplastics (Thermo=Heat, Plastic =A State Between Solid And Liquid) Are Made Of Long
Chain Molecule that are entangled with each other but not bonded together.
• They can be recycled.
Thermoplastic can be molded Into any shape,
• E.g.. Polyethylene , Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) , Nylon And Teflon , Polypropylene , Polystyrene
Thermosetting:-
• Thermosetting Made From Long Chain Molecules Tied With Strong Covalent Bond And
Cross Linked -This Cause Plastic Became Rigid And Not Flexible Even At High
Temperature.
• They Are More Brittle.
• E.g.. - Phenolic resin, Amino and epoxy resin, Bakelite, Polyurethane, Vulcanized rubber.

5. Advantages & Disadvantages of Plastics
Disadvantages of Plastics
 Plastic is totally impermeable to moisture,
gases etc.
 Most plastics permit some passage of light.
Even highly pigmented .
 May be permeable to, or subject to attack by,
organic substances, particularly solvents.
 Light weight & thin wall section may require
specific production line handling.
 Certain designs may show paneling or
cavitation .
Advantages of Plastics
 Plastic materials are light in weight, unbreakable,
odorless and can be easily molded.
 They have excellent finishing possess good
shock absorption capacity, high strength as well
as toughness.
 Therefore they possess good thermal and
electrical insulating property.
 Plastics have water resistant good
adhesiveness.
 Plastic can be used in building, construction,
electronics, packing and transportation industries.

6. Plastic waste
 “Plastic waste “ means any plastic product
such as carry bags, pouches or multi-layered
packing, which have been discarded after use
or after their intended life is over
 Plastic material found in our waste are
various both according to their nature and to
their uses.
 Indeed, the vast majority of plastic material is
made of petroleum products and they are
not biodegradable.

7. Plastics as a pharmaceutical waste
 As a matter of fact plastics are essential
in modern day health care. Plastic
products are used in surgery, health
care products, pharmaceuticals, drug
delivery systems and medical
packaging.
 Essential medical applications include:
a) Blood bags.
b) Fluid bags.
c) Heart and lung bypass sets.
d) Blood transfusion sets.
e) Surgical gloves.
f) Drug containers and bottles.

8. Classification of plastics' waste based on medical products
Unlike the household plastic products the medical products are mostly disposable .This can be classified
in to two main categories namely-
Post consumer waste :-
 Hospitals produce most of the post consumer waste in form of used syringes, drip bags, surgical gloves,
bottles etc.
 Now a days approximately 16 billion injections are administered worldwide, every single year.
Unused or company waste :-
 Plastic waste generated during the production of medical products such as syringes, drip bags etc. is
due to the test production and machine errors caused during moulding process.
 This waste is usually cleaner as compared to the post consumer waste and hence easily recycled
through shorter process mainly shredding and pelletizing only.

9. Adverse effect of plastics
 In addition to creating safety
problems during production,
many chemical additives that
give plastic products desirable
performance properties also
have negative environmental
and human health effects.
These effects include
 Direct toxicity, as in the cases of
lead, cadmium, and mercury
 Carcinogens, as in the case of
diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
 Endocrine disruption, which can
lead to cancers, birth defects.

10. Effects on Human Health
Plastic Adverse Health Effects
Polyvinylchloride Cancer, birth defects, vision failure, ulcers
Phthalates ( DEHP, DINP) Endocrine disruption, asthma, hormonal changes
Polycarbonate Cancer, obesity, diabetes, hyperactivity
Polystyrene Irritate eyes, nose and throat, dizziness
Polyethylene Human carcinogen
Urea formaldehyde Carcinogen, birth defects and genetic changes
Polyurethane Foam Bronchitis, coughing, shin and eye problem
Acrylic Vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, headache and fatigue
Tetrafluoro Ethelyn Breathing difficulties

11. Technologies of waste Management

12. Recycling of plastics through environmental manner
• Recycling of plastics should be carried in such a
manner to minimize the pollution during the process.
• Plastics recycling have been historically divided into
four general types:-
• Primary recycling involves processing of a waste into a
product with characteristics similar to those of
original product.
• Secondary recycling involves processing of waste
plastics into materials that have characteristics
different from those of original plastics product.
• Tertiary recycling involves the production of basic
chemicals and fuels from plastics waste as part of
municipal waste stream.
• Quaternary recycling retrieves the energy content of
waste plastics by burning. This process is not use in
India.

13. Plasma Pyrolysis Technology

Pyrolysis is the thermal disintegration
of carbonaceous material in oxygen-
starved atmosphere.
 The intense and versatile heat
generation capabilities of Plasma
Pyrolysis technology enable it to
dispose of all types of plastic waste
including polymeric, biomedical and
hazardous waste in a safe and reliable
manner.
 When optimized, the most likely
compounds formed are methane,
carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon
dioxide and water molecules.

14. Conversion of Plastics Waste into liquid fuel
 The entire process is undertaken in
closed reactor vessel followed by
condensation, if required.
 Waste plastics while heating up to 2700 to
3000 C convert into liquid- vapour state,
which is collected in condensation
chamber in the form of liquid fuel.
 The tarry liquid waste is topped-down
from the heating reactor vessel.
 The organic gas is generated which can
be used in dual fuel diesel generator set
for generation of electricity.

15. Benefits of Recycling Medicinal Waste
 Collecting, recycling and reusing
medical waste can avoid environmental
hazards and can provide economic
benefits for health care facilities.
 It reduces the volume of the waste
materials that must be disposed in a
landfill as a result of it -
1. The emission of green house gasses
is decreased.
2. Burning of fossil fuels become less.
3. Mixing of Carbon di oxide become
less.

16. Categorizing of plastics

17. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 What‘s New?

Aluminum thickness Of plastic carry bags
increased from 40 to 50 microns.
 Responsibility Of local bodies and gram
panchayat.
 Responsibility Of waste generator.
 C011ect back system and extended
producer responsibility.
 Responsibility Of retailers and street
vendors.
 Registration Of the shopkeepers and street
vendor to getting plastic bag.

18. Conclusion
 Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and
used.
 It is convenient (use and throw away).
 Although some plastics are recyclable, not enough is
recycled.
 Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.
 Laws, economical measures and education help.
Should we really put our own selfish needs before the
needs of everything around us now and the lives of
future generations? As a responsible citizen we must
take precautions while using plastic products, reduce
the consumption, and encourage others to do the same.

19. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_pollution
 www.cpcb.nic.in/139-144.pdf
 www.wbpcb.gov.in/pages/display/122-plastic-waste-management
 https://saferenvironment.wordpress.com/2008/10/06/plastic-wastes-
%E2%80%93-reduce-reuse-and-recycle-of-plastics-are-essential-to-make-
environment-greener-and-safer/
 A Review of Plastic Waste Management Strategies:Javeriya Siddiqui
and Govind Pandey, International Research Journal of Environment
Sciences .
 Development of process for disposal of plastic waste using plasma
pyrolysis technology and option for energy recovery: M. Puncochara,
B. Rujb, P. K. Chatterjee .

21. THANK YOU