In this module we will get to know about the air we breathe, water we drink and Forensic Chemistry in daily life.

1. Satish Pradhan
Dnyanasadhana College, Thane.
•
Department of Chemistry
Organises Certificate Course on
Chemistry in Context
(To Uncover the Chemistry in Everyday Life)
Dr.Bhagure G.R.
26.12.20016 1

2. Date Time Module Name and Topic Topic to be covered
18/05/2021
Tuesday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
The Air We Breathe :Components in Air,
Air Pollution and Properties of Gases
Air Quality Life Index,
Air Pollution Data, Terms Involved,
Investigating Air Pollution
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution Data,
Terms Involved,
Investigating Air
Pollution,
20/05/2021
Thursday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
Water Every where:
The Chemistry of Natural Waters the
Uniqueness of Water -From Its
Molecular Structure- Polarity, Hydrogen
Bonding, Cohesion, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle, Pollution of Water, Water
Analysis
, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle,
Pollution of Water,
Water Analysis
28/05/2021
Friday
10:00 am to
11:00 am
Forensic Chemistry: Early History of
Forensic Chemistry, Analytical
Techniques Used for Specialised Case
Si-Dentification of Drugs and Poisons,
Investigation of Arson Cases, Dye and
Ink Analysis, Drunk and Drive Cases
Forensic Chemistry:
Early History of
Forensic Chemistry,
Analytical
Techniques Used for
Specialised Case Si-
Dentification of
Drugs and Poisons

3. The Air We Breathe
The Air We
Breathe
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution
Data
Terms Involved,
Investigating
Air Pollution

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3,24000 for
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5. 1 tree we have plant
Care should be taken by you
It will extend benefit to
your genaeration

6. Air Quality Life Index
Air quality is a measure of the
suitability of air for breathing by
people, plants and animals. On
average, a person inhales about
14,000 litres of air every day.
Therefore, poor air quality may
affect the quality of life now and for
future generations by affecting the
health, the environment, the
economy and the city’s livability
https://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NAAQS_2019.pdf

7. Non-Attainment Cities NCAP
• 50. Akola
• 51. Amravati
• 52. Aurangabad
• 53. Badlapur
• 54. Chandrapur
• 55. Jalgaon
• 56. Jalna
• 57. Kolhapur
• 58. Latur
• 58. Latur
• 59. Mumbai
• 60. Nagpur
• 61. Nashik
• 62. Navi Mumbai
• 63. Pune
• 64. Sangli
• 65. Solapur
• 66. Thane
• 67. Ulhasnagar

9. India is today the world’s second most polluted country. Air pollution shortens the average
Indian life expectancy by 5.2 years, relative to what it would be if the World Health
Organization (WHO) guideline was met; 2.3 years relative to what it would be if pollution
were reduced to meet the country’s own national standard. Some areas of India fare much
worse than average, with air pollution shortening lives by 9.4 years in the capital of Delhi
and 8.6 years in Uttar Pradesh, the most polluted state.

10. • In India, average PM2.5 concentration in
2018 was 63 micron per cubic meter.
A new analysis of the Air Quality Life
Index (AQLI) produced by the Energy
Policy Institute at the University of
Chicago (EPIC) found that across India's
total population, life expectancy would
increase by 5.2 years if pollution is
reduced in accordance with WHO
guidelines.
"The particulate pollution has sharply
increased over time. Since 1998, average
annual particulate pollution has
increased 42 per ..
Read more at:
•
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
news/politics-and-nation/air-pollution-
shortened-average-indian-life-
expectancy-by-5-2-years-
report/articleshow/77222957.cms?utm
_source=contentofinterest&utm_mediu
m=text&utm_campaign=cppst

13. NCAP
India is not away from air pollution
problem. Many cities are highly polluted, to
overcome this Indian Government came
with National Clean Air Programme4,5.
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP),
launched in 2019, is India’s flagship
program for better air quality in 122 cities.
NCAP categories 122 cities from 21 states
and 2 union territories as non-attainment of
National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
Maharashtra has the most cities (18)
followed by Uttar Pradesh (15). Thane city
is also designated under the NCAP for
reducing Air Pollution.

14. AQLI is a pollution index
• The AQLI is a pollution index that translates particulate air
pollution into perhaps the most important metric that exists: its
impact on life expectancy. Developed by the University of Chicago’s
Milton Friedman Dinstinguished Service Professor in Economics
Michael Greenstone and his team at the Energy Policy Institute at
the University of Chicago (EPIC),
• The AQLI is rooted in recent research that quantifies the causal
relationship between long-term human exposure to air pollution and life
expectancy.
• The Index then combines this research with hyper-localized, global
particulate measurements, yielding unprecedented insight into the true
cost of particulate pollution in communities around the world.
• The Index also illustrates how air pollution policies can increase life
expectancy when they meet the World Health Organization’s guideline
for what is considered a safe level of exposure, existing national air
quality standards, or userdefined air quality levels. local communities
and policymakers about the importance of air pollution policies in
concrete terms.

15. Air Pollution Data
• National Air Quality Index (NAQI) was launched by Hon’ble Prime
Minister on 6th April, 2015 with the objective for dissemination
of Air Quality information to the public. Computation of AQI is
done using real-time data of Continuous Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations. This index will help the people to know
about the level of pollution in the ambient air on daily basis. The
AQI Display has been increased from the initial 10 cities to
currently 114 cities in 20 States/UTs of India. Total 208
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations all over the
country are connected with NAQI.
• The AQI consider eight pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO,
O3, NH3, and Pb), it is calculated only if data are available for
minimum three pollutants out of which one should necessarily be
either PM2.5 or PM10. There are six AQI categories namely,
Good, Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. The
AQI values and corresponding ambient concentrations (health
breakpoints) as well as associated likely health impacts are as
follows

17. Air
pollution
• Any undesirable solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in a gaseous or liquid medium
can be called as air pollution OR
Air
pollution
• Air pollution is defined by the Engineers Joint Council as "the presence in the
outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants, such as dust, fumes, gas,
mist, odor, smoke, or vapor
Primary
Pollutant
• a pollutant emitted into the atmosphere from an identifiable source
Secondary
pollutant
• a pollutant formed by chemical reaction in the atmosphere.
Terms Involved in Air Pollution Study

18. Free
radical:
• A molecular fragment or an ion that has one or more
unpaired electrons, rendering it highly reactive
Role of Free
radical
• free radicals play a significant role in the production of
aldehydes (q.v.), ketones (q.v.), acetyl nitro peroxide
(see peroxide, acetyl nitro), and other constituents of
photochemical smog (q.v.).
Particulate
matter
• All solid and liquid particles in the air that are small
enough not to settle out on to the earth's surface under
the influence of gravity

19. Particulate Matter
• Sea salt, soil dust, volcanic particles, smoke from forest fires
account for particulate emissions each year.
• Small particles are removed from the atmosphere by accretion
to water droplets, which grow in size until they are large
enough to precipitate.
• Larger particles are removed by direct washout by falling
raindrops.

20. Particulate Matter

21. Particulate Matter
Particulate matter contains microscopic solids or liquid
droplets that are so small that they can be inhaled and
cause serious health problems.

22. Suspended particulate
matter (SPM) are finely
divided solids or liquids that
may be dispersed through the
air from combustion
processes, industrial activities
or natural sources.
Source Publication: Glossary
of Environment Statistics,
Studies in Methods, Series F,
No. 67, United Nations, New
York, 1997.
High Volume Sampler for sampling of Suspended Particulate Matter

23. Air
Pollutants
Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) Particulate
matter (PM) is a complex pollutant as it contains a
variety of components in variable concentrations. ...
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...
Ozone (O3) ...
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) ...
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ...
Lead (Pb) ...
Toxic Organic Micro-Pollutants (TOMPs)

24. Investigating Air Pollution
Ambient Air monitoring
Stack Monitoring

25. Investigating Air Pollution
•
Sampling
Ambient Air
monitoring
Stack Monitoring
Two Major

26. Ambient sampling
• Ambient sampling : Sampling of atmospheric gases
is called as Ambient sampling

27. Ambient sampling
The definite area is selected for sampling.
Sampling stations are decided on the basis
of grid pattern.
Sampling of atmospheric gases should be
carried out region wise and area wise and
time wise.
For. Ex. Sampling of atmospheric air in
Thane city

28. Stack sampling: Sampling of
gases released from industry is
called as stack sampling.
PLANT
Industry
Opening
for
sampling
of gas

29. Stack sampling
Industrial gases are
generally sampled
continuously.
While sampling it should
be ensured that sample
collected should
represent constant
fraction of total flow of
all portions of streams
are sampled.

30. Analysis of Air Pollutant
Manual Analysis (GC and
Spectrophotometers)
Concentration meters
Continuous analysers

31. Analysis of Air
Pollutant
Manual
Analysis •(GC and
Spectrophotoeters
Concentration
meters
• Onsite for
particular
gas
Continuous
analysers
• At fixed
station

32. Continuous Analyser
•Continuous Analyser are automatic devices that
continuously introduce the air sample and record
the output either continuously or with Intervals
.Such devices have a standard gas generators built
in ,and introduce the standard gas in place of
sample on average once a day , check the sensitivity
and adjust it as necessary so that the equipment's
involved usually tend to rather large

33. SO2
• Ultraviolet fluorescent method
NOx
• Chemiluminescence method
• Trietanolamine
O3
• Ultraviolet absorption method
CARBON
MONOXIDE
• Infrared absorption method
HYDROCA
RBONS
• Gas chromatographic method

34. Total
Hydrocarbons
• Hydrogen flame ionisation
method
SPM
• B-ray absorption method
CO2
• Infrared absorption method

36. Date Time Module Name and Topic Topic to be covered
18/05/2021
Tuesday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
The Air We Breathe :Components in Air,
Air Pollution and Properties of Gases
Air Quality Life Index,
Air Pollution Data, Terms Involved,
Investigating Air Pollution
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution Data,
Terms Involved,
Investigating Air
Pollution,
20/05/2021
Thursday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
Water Every where:
The Chemistry of Natural Waters the
Uniqueness of Water -From Its
Molecular Structure- Polarity, Hydrogen
Bonding, Cohesion, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle, Pollution of Water, Water
Analysis
, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle,
Pollution of Water,
Water Analysis
28/05/2021
Friday
10:00 am to
11:00 am
Forensic Chemistry: Early History of
Forensic Chemistry, Analytical
Techniques Used for Specialised Case
Si-Dentification of Drugs and Poisons,
Investigation of Arson Cases, Dye and
Ink Analysis, Drunk and Drive Cases
Forensic Chemistry:
Early History of
Forensic Chemistry,
Analytical
Techniques Used for
Specialised Case Si-
Dentification of
Drugs and Poisons

37. 20/05/2021
•Surface Tension, Water Cycle,
Pollution of Water, Water
Analysis

39. Surface Tension
• Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink into
the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what
allows heavier than water i.e., denser than water objects such
as razor blades, insects (e.g. water striders), to float and slide
on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.

42. Pollution of Water
• Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is
the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of
human activities.
• Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans,
aquifers and groundwater. ... Point sources have one
identifiable cause of the pollution, such as a storm drain or
a wastewater treatment plant.

43. • The following precautions were taken while collecting the samples:
• a) The plastic containers having a five litre capacity were used for the
• collection and storage of water samples. These containers are resistant to
• the solution action.
• b) The containers were thoroughly cleaned with 6 N Nitric acid, washed
• and rinsed before every collection.
• c) For each station, separate container was used.
• d) Surface water samples were collected from different locations of the
• lake and mixed to get representative sample of the lake.
• e) The collected samples were labeled properly and record was made
• of date, pH and electrical conductivity in the field itself.

44. • Samples were filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and analysis
of filtered water samples was carried out to determine the
• total dissolved solids,
• total hardness (as CaCO3 and MgCO3),
• total alkalinity (as CaCO3),
• Dissolved oxygen,
• chemical oxygen demand,
• chloride,
• sulphate,
• nitrate,
• phosphate,
• calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium.
• The chemical analysis of different constituents of water samples was
carried out by following the standard procedures available in the literature
209,211

45. Physical Analysis
of Water
pH
Electrical
Conductivity
colour

46. Chemical
Analysis of
Water
total dissolved solids,
total hardness (as CaCO3
and MgCO3),
total alkalinity (as CaCO3),
Dissolved oxygen,
chemical oxygen demand,
chloride,
sulphate,
nitrate,
phosphate,
calcium, magnesium, sodium
and potassium

49. Determination of Chlorides

50. Chemical Oxygen Demand
• (v) Chemical Oxygen Demand
• In this method, the sample is refluxed with a known amount of
potassium dichromate and strong sulphuric acid, followed by
addition of silver sulphate and mercuric sulphate. After cooling and
dilution up to 140 ml, the excess of the dichromate is titrated with
ferrous ammonium sulphate with the help of ferroin indicator which
changes its colour from blue green to reddish brown. The reaction
involved in this process is shown below:

51. Chemical Oxygen Demand
• A) Potassium dichromate solution (0.25N): Dissolve 12.259 g of dried
• A.R. grade K2Cr2O7 is distilled water to make 1 liter of solution.
• (b) Ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) (0.1 N): Dissolve 39.39 g of
• ferrous ammonium sulphate, Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2.6H20, in distilled
• water. Add 20 ml of concentrated H2SO4 to it, cool and make the
• volume 1 liter.

53. Total Hardness
• Reagents:
• a) Ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer: Dissolve 16.9 g of ammonium
• chloride (NH4Cl) in 143 ml of concentrated ammonium hydroxide
• (NH4OH)
• b) EDTA solution (0.01M): Dissolve 3.723 g of disodium salt of EDTA
• in distilled water to make 1 litre of solution.
• c) Sodium Sulphide Inhibitor: 5 g of Na2S. 9H2O or 3.7 g Na2S.5H2O
• in 100 ml of distilled water. It inhibits the effect of heavy metals.
• d) Eriochrome Black T Indicator: Mix 0.40g of Eriochrome Black T,
• with 100 g NaCl l(AR) and grind.

55. Thank you very
much for kind
attention