i have made it from a research article based on oral vaccine making for H9N2 influenza virus in chicken

1. Recombinant Lactococcus Lactis Expressing M1-HA2
Fusion Protein
Provides Protective Mucosal
Immunity Against H9N2 Avian
Influenza Virus in Chickens
Presented by :- Mistry Jemini Ashokbhai
M.Sc. DBT Biotechnology
IAR/11892
Supervised by:- Priti Ma’am

2. Research by:-
Zhou Sha1,2†, Hongqi Shang1,2†, Yongqiang Miao1,2,
Jin Huang1,2, Xiangyun Niu1,2,Ruichang Chen1,2, Liping
Hu3, He Huang4, Kai Wei 1,2* and Ruiliang Zhu1,2
▸ Received: 06 December 2019
▸ Accepted: 03 March 2020
▸ Published: 24 March 2020

3. What is Mucosal Immunity?
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4. INTRODUCTION:-
 LPAIV Firstly discovered in United States in
1966, It appeared in China in 1992 and is now
widely prevalent worldwide.
 This virus can infect poultry by affecting its
production rate, moreover can also infect
humans and other mammal
 There are different subtypes like H5N1,
H10N8, among which H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8
subtypes are currently causing a wreckage in
poultry(China)
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5. M1 AND HA2 PROTEIN !!!!!
The viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is
an important immunoprotective antigen of H9N2 virus
HA2 is anchored in the viral envelope, and its primary
function is to fuse the viral envelope with the cell
membrane and release the nucleocapsid of the virion.
M1 is responsible for the maintenance of the highly
conserved structural protein of AIV
The M1 protein is involved in many aspects of the viral
life cycle and is one of the major target proteins for
host T cell recognition during viral infection.
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6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 Reagents and Strains :-
 The H9N2 virus isolates(Chickens)
 H9N2 virus strains
 L. lactis NZ9000 strain
 GM medium (M17 broth with 0.5% lactose or glucose,
optional 1.5% agar)
 The H9N2 inactivated vaccine
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7.  Eighty 1-day-old chickens were divided into four groups, and
the experimental groups were orally vaccinated Twice.
 1st Group:-M1-HA2 L.Lactis
2nd Group:-pNZ8148 L.Lactis (without M1-HA2)
3rd Group:-PBS(Phosphate buffered saline)
4th Group:-H9N2 inactivatted Vaccine
 Fecal and intestinal samples, sera, and bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days post-
vaccination (dpv).
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8. RESULTS:-
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10. CONCLUSION:-
 Chickens vaccinated with the recombinant L. lactis strain showed
significantly increased levels of serum antibodies, T cell-
mediated immune responses, and mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA).
 Following challenge with H9N2 virus at 21 dpv, chickens
vaccinated with the recombinant L. lactis strain showed
decreased weight loss, lower viral titers in the lung, and reduced
lung pathological damage.
 This oral vaccine is H9N2 virus-specific and represents a
significant design improvement compared with previous studies.
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11. Thank You…