A Research Proposal

1. ZINC-BASED MARINE COATINGS:
A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE
TOMORROW
PRESENTED BY: IKKADEEP KAUR
INSTRUCTOR: DR PHIL MAGILL

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Methods & Technology
 Zinc Nanoparticles Synthesis
 Bio-Based Rosin Source
 One Pot Synthesis of Rosin Based Zinc Resin
 Preparation of Zinc Resin Coating
 Environmental Impact
 Economic Projection
 Challenges & Results
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Marine Biofouling Challenges:
 Accumulation of
microorganisms, algae, and
animals on ship surfaces.
 Causes corrosion, reduces
ship speed, and leads to
machinery malfunctions.
 Issues with Traditional Coatings:
 Tin and copper-based coatings
contribute to environmental
harm.
 Release a large number of
ions, impacting marine
ecosystems
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1: Biofouling of Ships [6]

4. Research Focus:
Zinc hydroxide nanoparticles in rosin-
based resin.
Aimed at enhancing antifouling properties
while being environmentally friendly.
Reduces fuel consumption, and maintains
efficiency.
Represents a crucial step towards
sustainable marine solutions.
Figure 2: Coating of Ship [7]

6. METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY
•Utilization of Plant-Derived Sources
•Reduction of Zinc Salts with Plant
Extracts
•Addition of NaOH as Solvent to Zinc
Nanoparticles
•Induces Formation of Zinc
Hydroxide
•Zinc
Nanoparticles
Synthesis
• Sourced from Nerpa Polymers;
Supplier of Bio-Derived Material
• Obtained from Renewable Resources,
Environment Friendly
Bio-Based
Rosin Source:
Figure 3: ZnNPs Synthesis [4]
Figure 4: Biobased Rosin [5]

7. •Mix the ZnNPs, Rosin, xylene,
alcohol, and acetate in a Flask
•Stir Mixture at 85°C for 3-4 Hours
•Dehydrate Mixture Until
Transformation
•Results in Light Brown Transparent
Polymer Solution
•One Pot
Synthesis
of Rosin
Based Zinc
Resin
• Cut ABS into various sizes
• Dilution of Zinc Resin using Solvent
Mixture; Xylene: Butyl Alcohol:
Butyl Acetate = 4:1:4 Mass Ratio
• Brush-Painting onto Rough ABS
Panels
• Coatings Allowed to Dry for
Subsequent Experiments
Preparation
of Zinc
Resin
Coating
Figure 5: Preparation of Zinc Resin Coating and
Chemical Reaction of synthesis of Zn Resin Polymer
[2]

8. Environmental
Impact
Fuel &
Emissions
Reduction
Longevity &
Maintenance
Green Synthesis
of Zinc
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Advancements
Use of Rosin - a
Biobased
Material
Antifouling and
Antibacterial
Properties

9. ECONOMIC PROJECTION
 The cost of transitioning to eco-friendly coatings might be high
due to research, development, and implementation expenses.
 However, Lower fuel consumption and increased operational
efficiency resulted in substantial cost savings over time.
 This aligns with consumer demand for sustainable products,
creating market opportunities.

10. CHALLENGES
Real-world
Efficacy
Validation
Optimal Zinc
Resin
Composition
Regulatory
Compliance &
Standards
Uniform
Application &
Adhesion
Stability
Across
Marine
Environments
SOLUTION/RESULTS
Research,
Testing &
Collaboration
for
Standardization
Innovative &
Development
Approach

11. CONCLUSION
 Synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles within rosin-based resin for eco-friendly
antifouling coatings.
 Potential to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and lessen dependence on
copper and tin.
 Protection of aquatic environments while enhancing antifouling performance.
 Comprehensive study integrating chemical, physical, environmental, and
economic factors.
 Expected positive impact on the maritime industry, promoting sustainable
marine surface protection.

12. REFERENCE
[1] Zhou, W., Zhou, Y., Ni, C., Yu, L., Li, C., Yan, X., & Zhang, X. (2021). Research on electromagnetic wave absorption properties of zinc-based acrylate
resins for marine antifouling coating. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 900, 163285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163285
[2] Yebra, D. M., Kiil, S., & Dam-Johansen, K. (2003). Antifouling technology—past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly
antifouling coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 50(2), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.06.001
[3] Zhou, W., Wang, Y., Ni, C., & Yu, L. (2021). Preparation and evaluation of natural rosin-based zinc resins for marine antifouling. Progress in Organic
Coatings, 157, 106270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106270
[4] Rehana, D., Mahendiran, D., Kumar, R. S., & Rahiman, A. K. (2017). In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles
synthesized using different plant extracts. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 40(6), 943–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-017-1758-2
[5] Wang, J., Lu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, C., & Chu, F. (2018). Preparation and characterization of natural rosin stabilized nanoparticles via mini emulsion
polymerization and their pressure-sensitive adhesive applications. Industrial Crops and Products, 124, 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.079
[6] Adam, D. (2022, July 13). Blistering barnacles! the sticky problem of biofouling. China Dialogue Ocean.
https://chinadialogueocean.net/en/climate/blistering-barnacles-the-sticky-problem-of-biofouling/
[7] P, V. (2021, September 27). Marine Anti-Fouling Coatings Market - Forecast(2021 - 2026). LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/marine-anti-
fouling-coatings-market-forecast2021-2026-pothuraju/

13. SMALL STEPS TODAY, SUSTAINABLE
IMPACT TOMORROW.
THANK YOU