The document discusses the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system, highlighting its purpose as a persistent and actionable identifier for various entities in digital networks. It provides an overview of the technical components, governance structure, and unique functionalities of the DOI system, including its benefits to researchers and academic institutions. Additionally, it outlines the implementation process and obligations for organizations using DOIs, particularly in relation to Crossref membership.

1. DOIs for Research
Publication
By: Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari
Science/Scholarly Communications Librarian,
Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti
On: January 25, 2023
At: Eko Konnect Users Conference, Lagos, Nigeria
adegbileroii@abuad.edu.ng |08034316874

2. DOI Quick Facts
• More than 190 million DOIs assigned to date through a world-wide
federation of Registration Agencies (RA).
• RAs are members of the International DOI Foundation (IDF),
• IDF is the global governance body overseeing the DOI system
• RA offers systems to customers who wish to assign DOIs.
• The DOI System standard was created by the IDF and adopted as
International Standard ISO 26324 in 2012.

3. So What is DOI
• DOI- Digital Object Identifier or digital identifier of objects and not
identifier of digital objects.
• Object = any entity (thing: physical, digital, or abstract), resources,
parties, licences, etc.
• Initial focus was documents/media e.g. articles, data sets.
• Digital Identifier = network actionable identifier (“click on it and do
something”)
• DOI is the most widely known and used PIDs
• DOI system and Name

4. DOI Name
• A DOI name is an identifier (not a location) of an entity on digital
networks.
• It provides a system for persistent and actionable identification and
interoperable exchange of managed information on digital networks.
• A DOI name can be assigned to any entity — physical, digital or abstract
— primarily for sharing with an interested user community or managing
as intellectual property.
• DOI names may also be expressed as URLs (URIs)
• Examples:
10.53982/aijnas.2021.0101.02-j or
https://doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2021.0101.02-j
10.53982/ajsms.2022.0301.02-j or
https://doi.org/10.53982/ajsms.2022.0301.02-j

5. DOI System
• The DOI system provides a technical and social infrastructure
for the registration and use of persistent interoperable
identifiers, called DOIs, for use on digital networks.

6. Components of DOI System
• The DOI system provides a ready-to-use packaged system of several
components:
• a specified standard numbering syntax consisting of the prefix and the
suffix, which together form the DOI name, separated by the "/" character.
• a resolution service
• a data model incorporating a data dictionary;
• an implementation mechanism through a social infrastructure of
organisations, policies and procedures for the governance and registration
of DOI names.

7. Unique Functionalities of DOI System
The DOI system offers a unique set of functionalities:
• Persistence, if material is moved, rearranged, or bookmarked;
• Interoperability with other data from other sources;
• Extensibility by adding new features and services through
management of groups of DOI names;
• Single management of data for multiple output formats
(platform independence);
• Class management of applications and services;
• Dynamic updating of metadata, applications and services.

8. DOI and Handle System Technology
The Handle System Technology
• The Handle System Technology is used for the
resolution tasks of DOI system
• The Handle System is the resolution
component of the Digital Object Architecture,
designed to enable information to be
managed in a network over long periods of
time.
Why Handle System Technology?
• Multiple resolution capability
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Resolution speed
• Proven usage in several digital library
projects
• Already implemented and supported in
several practical systems
• A commitment by its developers to open
standards, and
• A commitment to further development

9. Handle System- a Component of the Digital
Object Cloud

10. Implementation and Governance of DOI
System
• DOI system is implemented
through a federation of
Registration Agencies (RAs)
• RAs use policies and tools
developed through a parent
body, the International DOI
Foundation (IDF).
• The IDF is the governance
body of the DOI system

11. International DOI Foundation
• Provides common infrastructure
• Technical: resolution, data model
• Social: e.g. obligations for persistence, back-up, in
event of failure, etc.
• Deals with common issues
• Standardisation, liaisons, etc.
• Outreach to new communities
• “Not for profit” membership federation
• Elected Board, working groups, meetings
• No full time staff (outsourced)
-Norman Paskin

12. DOI Benefits to Implementing Organisations
• Know what you have (users able to look at catalogues of
content available throughout the enterprise);
• Find what you want (users able to search and browse for
content to be used or re-purposed);
• Know where it exists (able to see where the item exists
within the organization);
• Be able to get it (users and production tools able to retrieve
the content).

13. Benefits of DOI to Researchers
DOIs:
• Aid in citation tracking, ensuring a researcher has accurate metrics on
how and where their research outputs are being used or referenced.
• Increase data sharing and reuse, by making information discoverable
over the long-term.
• Are required or strongly encouraged in certain citation style
guidelines.
• Are becoming a required part of repository, journal, and database
submission workflows.

14. DOI Use Case in Afe Babalola University
Antecedent Developments
• Creation of Scholarly Communications Unit
in the Library
• Deployment of a schol comm librarian
• Deployment of journal publishing system-
(PKP’s OJS)
• Migration of university-based journals to
the journal platform
Core DOI Activities
• Research and Selection of RA
• Registration with preferred RA- CrossRef
• Development of DOI Naming policy
• Assigning and Registration of DOI Names
• Payment of Dues

15. DOI: ABUAD Use Case

16. Two more things to note

17. Crossref Member obligations
• Deposit metadata and create DOI
links
• Register only what you have the
legal rights to
• Maintain and update your
metadata and landing pages for the
long term
• Follow the Crossref DOI display
guidelines
• Undertake Reference linking
• Pay invoices

18. Crossref’s DOI LookUp Service
• Journals request for DOI to cited
references? No problem.
• Look them up here
https://doi.crossref.org
/simpleTextQuery

20. Notes and References
• Norman Paskin. DOI System: overview
• https://transportation.libguides.com/persistent_identifiers/doi
• https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/1_Introduction.html
• https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/3_Resolution.html#3.5.2