ISW Russian Airstrikes Maps: September 2015- June 2016

1. Russian Airstrikes in Syria Maps
(September 30, 2015 – June 28, 2016)
Genevieve Casagrande, ISW Syria Research Analyst,
and the ISW Syria Team
Institute for the Study of War
Find more Russian Airstrike Maps and other ISW publications here

2. September 30, 2015-May 28, 2016
High-Confidence reporting. ISW places high confidence in reports corroborated both by official government statements
reported through credible channels and documentation from rebel factions or activist networks on the ground in Syria deemed
to be credible.
Low-Confidence reporting. ISW places low confidence in secondary sources that have not been confirmed or sources deemed
likely to contain disinformation.
May 28, 2016-Present
High-Confidence reporting. ISW places high confidence in reports corroborated by documentation from opposition factions and
activist networks on the ground in Syria deemed to be credible that demonstrate a number of key indicators of Russian
airstrikes.
Low-Confidence reporting. ISW places low confidence in reports corroborated only by multiple secondary sources, including
from local Syrian activist networks deemed credible or Syrian state-run media.
Russia Airstrikes in Syria Assessment Methodology
NOTE: ISW changed its assessment methodology regarding low- and high-confidence strikes on May 28. Both the Russian
Ministry of Defense and Western officials had altered their patterns of reporting on Russian air operations within the previous
weeks. ISW amended the criteria for determining high-confidence reporting to rely more heavily on key indicators of Russian
airstrikes, rather than statements from Russian and Western officials. Key indicators of strikes include precision, flight patterns,
and time of strikes as well as an examination of picture intelligence.
The following graphics depict ISW’s assessment of Russian airstrike locations based on reports from local Syrian activist
networks, statements by Russian and Western officials, and documentation of Russian airstrikes through social media. These
maps represent locations targeted by Russia’s air campaign, rather than the number of individual strikes or sorties.
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59. Institute for the
Study of War
1400 16th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
+1.202.293.5550, Ext. 205
Press@UnderstandingWar.org
For more, visit:
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@TheStudyofWar
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Compiled by Shirley Keating