Lecturer 5 computer networking

MD IKBAL HOSSAIN, LECTURER(ICT), ADAMJEE CANTONMENT COLLEGE
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s
(Computer Networking)

GB welqwUi cvV †k‡l Avgiv hv wkL‡ev t
1. KgwcDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i aviYv, e¨envi/D‡Ïk¨ I ¯’vc‡bi Amyweav m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev
2. KgwcDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡ev|
3. †bUIqvwK©s Gi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb/¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
4. †bUIqvwK©s U‡cvjwR m¤ú‡K© ÁvbMf© aviYv jvf Ki‡ev|
5. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs, Gi BwZnvm, g‡Wj I myweav-Amyweav m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡ev|

†bUIqvK© Gi aviYv
KgwúDUvi †bUIqvK© n‡”Q AvšÍtmshy³ (Interconnected) KgwúDUvi I mswkøó wWfvBm
hviv Lye mn‡R Z_¨ wewbgq Ges wi‡mvm© (Resource) †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i e¨envi/D‡Ïk¨
1. Z_¨ wewbgq (Information Sharing)
2. nvW©Iq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis (Hardware Resource Sharing)
3. mdUIq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis (Software Resource Sharing)
4. Z_¨ msiÿY (Information Preservation)
5. Z_¨ myiÿv (Information Protection)
6. g¨v‡mR Av`vb-cÖ`vb (Exchanging Message)

Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡bi Amyweav
1. †bUIqvK© wm‡÷g ev¯Íevq‡b A‡bK A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq|
2. h_vh_fv‡e wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j †WUv n¨vwKs n‡Z cv‡i Ges
†bUIqvK© wm‡÷‡g mgm¨vi m„wó nq|
3. †bUIqvK© wm‡÷g ev¯Íevq‡bi ci Gi iÿYv‡eÿY Ki‡Z nq|

Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f`
1. cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Personal Area Network - PAN)
2. †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Local Area Network - LAN)
3. †g‡UªvcwjUb Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Metropoliton Area Network - MAN)
4. IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Wide Area Network - WAN)

1. cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (PAN)
c¨vb Gi •ewkó¨
1. cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi wWfvBmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
2. e¨vwß mvaviYZ K‡qK wgUv‡ii g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K|
3. Kw¤úDUvi evmmg~n †hgb- BDGmwe ev dvqviIq¨vi
Gi gva¨‡g Zvi Øviv hy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
4. Iq¨vi‡jm cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (WPAN) •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e|

2. †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (LAN)
j¨vb Gi •ewkó¨
1. ÿz`ª AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ Gi Kvh©µg mxgve×|
2. †kªwY ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv mshy³ nq|
3. DcvË ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi mvaviYZ 10 - 1000 †gMvweU/†mt
4. GB †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb I iÿYv‡eÿY c×wZ mnRmva¨ I e¨qeûj bq|

3. †g‡UªvcwjUb Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (MAN)
g¨vb ev †g‡UªvcwjUb Gwiqv †bUIqvK© n‡”Q KZK¸‡jv j¨vb †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^q hv GKwU
cy‡iv kni ev eo AvKv‡ii †Kvb GjvKve¨vcx we¯Í„Z|

LAN I MAN Gi cv_©K¨
j¨vb (LAN) g¨vb (MAN)
1. Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Local Area Network| 1. Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Metropoliton Area Network|
2. G‡ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ GKwU wbw`©ó feb ev K¨v¤úv‡m
GK`j KgwúDUvi †bUIqvK©fy³ nq
2. MAN n‡jv KZ¸‡jv j¨vb Gi mgš^q hv GKwU
cy‡iv kni ev eo AvKv‡ii †Kvb GjvKve¨vcx we¯Z…Z|
3. LAN Gi gvwjKvbv mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv GKK e¨w³ ev
wKQz msL¨K †jv‡Ki GKwU MÖæ‡ci n‡Z cv‡i|
3. MAN Gi gvwjKvbv mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv
AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
4. LAN Gi MwZ Kg| 4. LAN Gi PvB‡Z MAN `ªæZ MwZi|

4. IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (WAN)
Iqvb ev IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© n‡”Q KZK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi ev j¨v‡bi †bUIqvK© hviv wewfbœ
`~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v| B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK©|

4. IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (WAN)
IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqv‡K©i myweav
1. cwimsL¨vbMZ DcvË, cÎ-cwÎKv, eB, Pjw”PÎ cÖf„wZ msMÖn I e¨envi Kiv hvq|
2. B‡gBj Gi gva¨‡g we‡k¦i †h‡Kvb ¯’v‡b wPwVcÎ †cÖiY Kiv hvq|
3. e¨w³MZ ev mgwóMZfv‡e ey‡jwUb †evW© MVb Kiv hvq|
4. AbjvBb kwcs Kiv hvq|
5. m‡e©vcwi mgMÖ †bUIqvK© wek¦‡K †Uwe‡j e‡m cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv hvq|

LAN I WAN Gi cv_©K¨
j¨vb (LAN) Iqvb (WAN)
1. j¨v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P
`~i‡Z¡i GKwU mywbw`©ó mxgv _v‡K|
1. Iqvb n‡”Q KZK¸‡jv j¨v‡bi e„nËg †bUIqvK© hviv
wewfbœ †fŠ‡MvwjK `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z weavq `~i‡Z¡i †Kvb
mxgv _v‡K bv|
2. evmv ev Awd‡m nve ev myB‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ mshy³
GKvwaK Kw¤úDUvi j¨v‡bi cÖK…ó D`vniY|
2. B›Uvi‡bU Iqv‡bi GKwU D`vniY|
3. mvaviYZ dvBj, †dvìvi, wcÖ›Uvi RvZxq wi‡mvm©
†kqvi Kivi Rb¨ j¨vb •Zwi Kiv nq|
3. eo AvKv‡ii WKz‡g›U Av`vb cÖ`vb, B›Uvi‡bU,
B†gBj BZ¨vw` myweav m„wó Kiv nq|
4. j¨v‡bi mv‡_ †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi †Kvb ms‡køl
†bB|
4. Iqv‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡”Q
†Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wm‡÷g|

LAN I WAN Gi cv_©K¨
j¨vb (LAN) Iqvb (WAN)
5. j¨v‡b KLbI g‡Wg e¨envi Kiv nq bv| 5. Iqvb cÖhyw³i Dci wbf©i K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi g‡Wg
e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
6. j¨v‡bi †WUv UªvÝwgkb Iqv‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK
†ewk|
6. Iqv‡bi e¨vÛDB_ (Bandwidth) mxwgZ e‡j
j¨v‡bi Zzjbvq †WUv UªvÝwgkb MwZ Kg|

wbqš¿Y KvVv‡gv Ges mvw©f©m cÖ`v‡bi ai‡bi wfwË‡Z
†bUIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f`
(K) K¬v‡q›U-mvf©vi †bUIqvK© (Client-Server Network)

(L) wcqvi-Uz-wcqvi †bUIqvK© (Peer to Peer Network)

(M) wgkª ev nvBweªW †bUIqvK© (Hybrid Network)

†bUIqvwK©s Gi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb/†bUIqvK© ¯’vc‡b
cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ
†bUIqvK© B›Uvi‡dm KvW© (Network Interface Card)
Kw¤úDUvi‡K †bUIqvK©fy³ Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq eZ©bx‡K †h Kv‡W©i Dci
mw¾Z Kiv nq Zv‡KB †bUIqvK©
B›Uvi‡dm KvW© e‡j|

g‡Wg (Modem)
Modulation k‡ãi ‘Mo’ Ges Demodulation
k‡ãi ‘Dem’ wb‡q ‘Modem’ kãwU MwVZ
n‡q‡Q| †bUIqvwK©s-G Z_¨vewj Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi
†ÿ‡Î g‡Wg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

B›Uvibvj g‡Wg (Internal Modem)
B›Uvibvj g‡Wg g~jZ GKwU KvW© we‡kl| GB KvW©
wcwmi gv`vi‡ev‡W©i G·cvbkvb ¯ø‡U jvMv‡bv _v‡K|

G·Uvibvj g‡Wg (External Modem)
†h g‡Wg K¨ve‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii KwgDwb‡Kkb †cv‡U©i
mv‡_ evB‡ii w`K †_‡K mshy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K G·Uvibvj g‡Wg
ejv nq|

g‡W‡gi KvR/e¨envi (Function/Uses of Modem)
wmMb¨vj‡K gWy‡jkb I wWgWy‡jkb KivB n‡jv g‡W‡gi KvR|
†cÖiK/cÖvcK Modem †cÖiK/cÖvcKModem
Media (Telephone)
Digital Signal Analog Signal Digital Signal

nve (Hub)
nve n‡jv †bUIqv‡K©i wWfvBmmg~‡ni Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY Kv‡bKkb c‡q›U| j¨v‡bi †mM‡g›U¸‡jv
Kv‡b± Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYfv‡e nve e¨eüZ nq|

nv‡ei myweav (Advantages of Hub)
1. `vg Kg|
2. wewfbœ wgwWqvg‡K mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

nv‡ei Amyweav (Disadvantages of Hub)
1. †bUIqvK© UªvwdK e„w× cvq|
2. †WUv Av`vb cÖ`v‡b evavi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
3. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e nq bv|

myBP (Switch)
GK ai‡bi †bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±wfwU wWfvBm hv wgwWqv †mM‡g›U¸‡jv‡K GKwU †K›`ªxq
Ae¯’v‡b G‡b GKwÎZ K‡i|

myB‡Pi myweav (Advantages of Switch)
1. †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kgvq|
2. fvPz©qvj LAN e¨envi K‡i eªWKv÷ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

myB‡Pi Amyweav (Disadvantages of Switch)
1. nv‡ei Zzjbvq g~j¨ wKQzUv †ewk|
2. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e bq|
3. KbwdMv‡ikb Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e RwUj|

ivDUvi (Router)
GwU GKwU eyw×gvb B›Uvi‡bUIqvK© Kv‡bKwUwfwU
wWfvBm hv jwRK¨vj Ges wdwRK¨vj G‡Wªm e¨envi
K‡i `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †bUIqvK© †mM‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ †WUv
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i|

ivDUv‡ii myweav (Advantages of Router)
1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kgvq|
2. †WUv wdëvwis m¤¢e nq|
3. wewfbœ ai‡bi †bUIqvK© †hgb B_vi‡bU, †Uv‡Kb,
wis BZ¨vw`‡K mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ivDUv‡ii Amyweav (Disadvantages of Router)
1. ivDUv‡ii `vg †ewk|
2. ivDUvi GKB †cÖvUKj †bUIqvK© Qvov mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
3. KbwdMv‡ikb Zzjbvg~jK RwUj|
4. axiMwZm¤úbœ|

†MUI‡q (Gateway)
†MUI‡q GKwU †bUIqvK©‡K Av‡iKwU †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i| GwU GKwU †bUIqvK©
Kv‡bw±wfwU wWfvBm hv wewfbœ KwgDwb‡Kkb †cÖv‡UvKj UªvÝ‡jU K‡i A_©vr GK †cÖv‡UvKj‡K
Ab¨ Av‡iK ai‡bi †cÖv‡UvK‡ji mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i|

†MUI‡qi myweav (Advantages of Gateway)
1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv Kg|
2. wewfbœ cÖ‡UvKjwewkó †bUIqvK© mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†MUI‡qi Amyweav (Diadvantages of Gateway)
1. GwU axiMwZm¤úbœ|
2. KbwdMv‡ikb Kiv Zzjbvg~jK RwUj|
3. Ab¨vb¨ wWfvB‡mi †P‡q e¨qeûj|

wiwcUvi (Repeater)
†bUIqvK© ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ evov‡bvi Rb¨ wiwcUvi e¨envi Kiv
nq| `ye©j ms‡KZ‡K mej Kiv Ges MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi w`‡K †cÖiY Kivi Rb¨ wiwcUvi e¨envi Kiv
nq|

wiwcUv‡ii myweav (Advantages of Repeater)
1. †bUIqvK© ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ evov‡bv hvq|
2. †bUIqvK© UªvwdK e„w× bv K‡i †WUv A¨vgwcødvB ev kw³kvjx K‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K †cÖiY Kiv hvq|

wiwcUv‡ii Amyweav (Diadvantages of Repeater)
1. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
2. mxwgZ msL¨K Kw¤úDUvi hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

weªR (Bridge)
Z_¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ GK ai‡bi †bUIqvK© wWfvBm we‡kl| G wWfvBm GKvwaK
j¨v‡bi †fZi ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| weªR‡K cÖavbZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|

†bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR (Network Topology)
GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i wdwRK¨vj wWfvBm ev K‡¤úv‡b›U †hgbÑ K¨vej, wcwm, ivDUvi BZ¨vw` †hfv‡e
†bUIqv‡K© ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq U‡cvjwR|
1. evm U‡cvjwR (Bus Topology)
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s Gi Rb¨ g~jZ Qq ai‡bi U‡cvjwR e¨eüZ nq| G¸‡jv n‡”Q t
2. wis U‡cvjwR (Ring Topology)
3. ÷vi U‡cvjwR (Star Topology)
4. wUª U‡cvjwR (Tree Topology)
5. nvBweªW U‡cvjwR (Hybrid Topology)
6. †gk U‡cvjwR (Mesh Topology)

1. evm U‡cvjwR (Bus Topology)
†h U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU g~j Zv‡ii mv‡_
meKwU IqvK©‡÷kb ev Kw¤úDUvi mshy³
_v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR ejv nq|

evm U‡cvjwR Gi myweav (Advantages of Bus Topology)
1. †QvU AvKv‡ii †bUIqv‡K© e¨envi Lye mnR I GwU wek¦¯Í|
2. me‡P‡q Kg K¨vej cÖ‡qvRb nq, d‡j LiPI mvkªq nq|
3. cÖ‡qvR‡b wiwcUvi e¨envi K‡i †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb m¤cÖmviY Kiv hvq|
4. †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© wm‡÷g bó n‡q hvq bv|
5. †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi ev hš¿cvwZ †hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i
Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq bv|

evm U‡cvjwR Gi Amyweav (Disadvantages of Bus Topology)
1. †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi msL¨v †ewk n‡j †WUv UªvÝwgkb wewNœZ nq|
2. †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi MwZ Kg|
3. †bUIqv‡K© m„ó mgm¨v wbY©q Zzjbvg~jK †ek RwUj|
4. g~j K¨v‡e‡ji GKwUgvÎ ¯’v‡b m„ó ÎæwU cy‡iv †bUIqvK©‡K APj K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|

2. wis U‡cvjwR (Ring Topology)
wis U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi Zvi
cvk¦©eZ©x Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K|
Gfv‡e wis‡qi me©‡kl Kw¤úDUviwU
cÖ_gwUi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K|

wis U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii myweav (Advantages of Ring Topology)
1. GB c×wZ‡Z †K›`ªxq †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi ev mvf©v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
2. †bUIqv‡K© Aew¯’Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ mgvb|
3. †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi msL¨v evo‡jI Gi `ÿZv Lye †ewk cÖfvweZ nq bv|

wis U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii Amyweav (Disadvantages of Ring Topology)
1. †bUIqv‡K©i GKwUgvÎ Kw¤úDUvi mgm¨vq AvµvšÍ n‡j cy‡iv †bUIqvK© APj n‡q c‡o|
2. wis U‡cvjwRi †bUIqv‡K© mgm¨v wbiƒcY †ek RwUj|
3. †bUIqv‡K© †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Ki‡j ev mwi‡q wb‡j Zv cy‡iv †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©µg
e¨vnZ K‡i|

3. ÷vi U‡cvjwR (Star Topology)
†h U‡cvjRx GKwU †K›`ªxq wbqš¿YKvix
Kw¤úDUvi ev †nv÷ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_
Ab¨vb¨ Kw¤úDUvi mshy³ K‡i †bUIqvK©
M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K ÷vi U‡cvjwR ejv nq|

÷vi U‡cvjwR eënv‡ii myweav (Advantages of Star Topology)
1. †bUIqv‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó bv K‡iB ÷v‡i bZzb Kw¤úDUvi †hvM Kiv m¤¢e|
2. †K›`ªxqfv‡e eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v wbiƒcY mnR| Bb‡Uwj‡R›U nve eënvi
Ki‡j Zvi mvnv‡h¨ †bUIqv‡K©j Kg©KvÐ Z_v IqvK©‡jvW gwbUwis Kiv hvq|
3. GB msMV‡b †Kvb GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡i bó n‡q †M‡j evwK †bUIqv‡K© Zvi cÖfve c‡o bv|
Lye mn‡RB †_‡K mgm¨vq AvµvšÍ Kw¤úDUviwU mwi‡q †bIqv hvq|
4. GKB †bUIqv‡K© wewfbœ ai‡bi K¨vej eënvi Kiv hvq|

÷vi U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii Amyweav (Disadvantages of Star Topology)
1. †K›`ªxq Ae¯’v‡b _vKv nv‡e †Kvb cÖKvi mgm¨v n‡j Zv cy‡iv †bUIqvK©‡K A‡K‡Rv
K‡i †`q|
2. ÷vi U‡cvjwR‡Z cwigv‡Y †ewk K¨vej e¨eüZ nq weavq GwU GKwU e¨qeûj c×wZ|

4. wUª U‡cvjwR (Tree Topology)
†h U‡cvjwR‡Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii
mv‡_ Mv‡Qi kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡Zv web¨¯Í
_v‡K Zv‡K wUª U‡cvjwR ejv nq| G
U‡cvjwR‡Z GK ev GKvwaK ¯Í‡ii
Kw¤úDUvi †nv÷ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³
_v‡K|

wUª U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii myweav (Advantages of Tree Topology)
1. Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi Kv‡R GB †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR LyeB Dc‡hvMx|
2. kvLv cÖkvLv m„wói gva¨‡g wUª U‡cvjwRi †bUIqvK© m¤cÖmviY Kiv mnR|
3. bZzb †Kvb †bvW ms‡hvM ev ev` w`‡j †bUIqv‡K©i ¯^vfvweK KvRK‡g©i †Kvb Amyweav nq
bv|

wUª U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii Amyweav (Disadvantages of Tree Topology)
1. GB U‡cvjwR wKQzUv RwUj ai‡bi|
2. iæU ev mvf©vi Kw¤úDUv‡i ÎæwU †`Lv w`‡j wUª †bUIqvK©©wU APj n‡q hvq|

5. nvBweªW U‡cvjwR (Hybrid Topology)
evm, ÷vi, wis BZ¨vw` U‡cvjwRi
mgš^‡q MwVZ †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR‡K
ejv nq nvBweªW U‡cvjwR|
D`vniY¯^iƒc B›Uvi‡bU‡K G ai‡bi
U‡cvjwR wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq|

nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii myweav (Advantages of Hybrid Topology)
1. GB U‡cvjwR‡Z cÖ‡qvRbvbyhvqx †bUIqvK© e„w× Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
2. †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j Zv mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq|
3. †Kvb GK Ask bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~Y© †bUIqvK© bó bv n‡q Askwe‡kl bó nq|

6. †gk U‡cvjwR (Mesh Topology)
hw` †Kvb †bUIqv‡K© wWfvBm ev wcwmmg~‡ni
g‡a¨ AwZwi³ ms‡hvM _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡K ejv
nq †gk U‡cvjwR| AwaKvsk †gk U‡cvjwR
†bUIqvK© mwZ¨Kv‡ii †gk †bUIqvK© bq| Giv
Avm‡j nvBweªW (Hybrid) †gk †bUIqvK©|

†gk U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii myweav (Advantages of Mesh Topology)
1. mn‡R †bUIqv‡K© Lye eo ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó nq bv|
2. G‡Z †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b A‡bK †ewk wbðqZv _v‡K|
3. †bUIqv‡K©i mgm¨v Lye mn‡R mgvavb Kiv hvq|

†gk U‡cvjwR e¨env‡ii Amyweav (Disadvantages of Mesh Topology)
1. GB U‡cvjwR‡Z †bUIqvK© Bb÷‡jkb I KbwdMv‡ikb †ek RwUj|
2. †bUIqv‡K© AwZwi³ wjsK ¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq weavq G‡Z LiP †e‡o hvq|

K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs (Cloud Computing)
B›Uvi‡bU-wbf©i Kw¤úDwUs n‡”Q K¬vDW
Kw¤úDwUs| K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Ggb
GKwU Kw¤úDwUs cÖhyw³ hv B›Uvi‡bU
Ges †K›`«xq wi‡gvU mvf©vi e¨env‡ii
gva¨‡g †WUv Ges Gwcø‡Kkbmg~n
wbqš¿Y I iÿYv‡eÿY Ki‡Z mÿg|
G‡Z I‡q‡e mKj ai‡bi Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î
cÖwZwU e¨enviKvix‡K K¬v‡q›U wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i b¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ad ÷¨vÛvW© GÛ †Uw÷s (NIST) Abymv‡i K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs
Gi msÁv n‡jvÑ K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs n‡jv †µZvi Z_¨ I wewfbœ Gwcø‡Kkb‡K †Kv‡bv †mev`vZvi
wm‡÷‡g AvDU‡mvm© Kivi Ggb GKwU g‡Wj hv‡Z 3wU •ewkó¨ _vK‡eÑ
1. wi‡mvm© †¯‹‡jwewjwU t †µZv h‡Zv PvB‡e, †mev`vZv Z‡ZvB
AwaK cwigv‡Y †mev w`‡Z cvi‡e|
2. Ab-wWgvÛ †mev t †µZv hLb PvB‡e, ZLbB †mev w`‡Z
cvi‡e| †µZv Zvi B‡”QgZ hLb Lywk Zvi Pvwn`v
evov‡Z-Kgv‡Z cvi‡e|
3. †c-A¨vR-BD-†Mv t †µZv‡K Av‡M †_‡K †Kv‡bv
mvwf©m wiRvf© Ki‡Z n‡e bv| †µZv hv e¨envi
Ki‡e, Zvi Rb¨B †Kej cqmv †`‡e|

GK ev‡K¨ ejv hvqÑ Kw¤úDUvi I †WUv †÷v‡iR mn‡R, †µZvi myweavg‡Zv
PvwnevgvÎ Ges e¨envi Abyhvqx fvov †`qvi wm‡÷gB n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|

• 1960 mv‡j Rb g¨vK K¨vw_© K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †`b Gfv‡e, ÒKw¤úD‡Ukb GKw`b
msMwVZ n‡e cvewjK BDwUwjwU wn‡m‡e|Ó
• Z‡e cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G aviYv wfwË jvf K‡i‡Q 1990 mv‡ji w`‡K|
• 2005 mvj †_‡K AvgvRb WU Kg Bjvw÷K
Kw¤úDU K¬vDW ev EC2 ïiæ K‡i| Gi ci Avi
†cQ‡b ZvKv‡Z nqwb K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs‡K|
• AvBweGg, gvB‡µvmdU, ¸Mj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cÖPyi
†Kv¤úvwb GLb K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ|

K¬vD‡Wi g‡Wj (Model of Cloud Computing)
K¬vDW Kx †mev w`‡”Q, Zvi wfwË‡Z K¬vDW‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v t
1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) ev AeKvVv‡gvMZ †mev
AeKvVv‡gv fvov †`qvi mvwf©m|

2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) ev cø¨vUdg©wfwËK †mev
GLv‡b mivmwi fvP©yqvj †gwkb fvov bv w`‡q fvov
†`qv nq cø¨vUdg©, hvi Dc‡i Gwcø‡Kkb •Zwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib BDRv‡iiv|

3. Software-as-a-Servoce (SaaS) ev mdUIq¨vi †mev
mdUIq¨vi GR G mvwf©m n‡jv K¬vDWwfwËK Ggb
GKUv †mev, †hLv‡b BDRv‡iiv K¬vD‡Wi Dc‡i Pj‡Q
Ggb †iwW‡gBW mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav
1. Acv‡iwUs LiP Kg
2. cÖvq mxgvnxb †÷v‡iR myweav
3. ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU I iÿYv‡eÿY
4. mn‡R Z_¨ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi
5. mdUIq¨vi LiP Kg
6. mnRcÖvc¨Zv
7. wbivcËv
8. †QvU I cÖv_wgK D‡`¨v³v‡ì Rb¨ Avkxe©v`¯îƒc
9. weÁvbx I cÖ‡KŠkjx/M‡elK‡ì myweav

K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi Amyweav
1. m¤ú~Y© wb‡R‡ì wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K bv weavq Z‡_ï wbivcËv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg|
2. wba©vwiZ mgq AšÍi wba©vwiZ wd w`‡Z nq|
3. †cÖvMÖvg ev Gwcø‡Kk‡bi Dci eënviKvix‡ì wbqš¿Y Kg ev _v‡K bv|
4. mvaviYZ Kgx©‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

evwoi KvR
1. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kx? KgwcDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i eënvi m¤ú‡K© wjL| †bUIqvwK©s Kivi Rb¨
Kx Kx Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
2. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© KZ cÖKvi I wK wK? G‡ì mswÿß eY©bv `vI|
3. LAN Kx? cÖwZwU LAN msMV‡bi GKwU K‡i myweav I Amyweav wjL|
4. †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR Kx? wewfbœ cÖKvi U‡cvjwR ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Ki|
5. †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© •Zwi‡Z eëüZ wWfvBm I U‡cvjwR we‡kølY Ki|
6. †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (j¨vb) Ges IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Iqvb) Gi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ wjL|
7. K¬vDW KgwcDwUs ej‡Z Kx eySvq? K¬vDW KgwcDwUs Gi myweavmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|

GZÿY mv‡_ _vKvi Rb¨ AvšÍwiK ab¨ev`|
মমাোঃ ইকবাল ম াসেন
প্রভাষকোঃ তথ্য ও মযাগাসযাগ প্রযুক্তি
আদমজী কযান্টনসমন্ট কসলজ
মমাবাইলোঃ ০১৭৩৪-৫৮০৫৩৪
ইসমইলোঃ ikbal.polua@gmail.com
Facebook: ikbal razu
Whatsapp,imo,vaiber:01734-580534

Lecturer 5 computer networking

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