Trust is a big part of how well e-commerce works and it is also a big part of how people decide what to buy. As more and more business is done online, companies that want to build customer loyalty and involvement must understand the complex relationship between trust and e-commerce. This study paper looks at the many distinct aspects of trust in e-commerce and how it affects people’s actions. By looking at the various aspects and causes of trust and how to build and keep trust, this study shows how businesses can create a trustworthy online environment that makes customers happier and leads to long-term success.

1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2023.15407 89
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER TRUST
IN E-COMMERCE
Istiak Khan and Noor Azizah Binti Mohamadali
Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic
University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Trust is a big part of how well e-commerce works and it is also a big part of how people decide what to
buy. As more and more business is done online, companies that want to build customer loyalty and
involvement must understand the complex relationship between trust and e-commerce. This study paper
looks at the many distinct aspects of trust in e-commerce and how it affects people’s actions. By looking at
the various aspects and causes of trust and how to build and keep trust, this study shows how businesses
can create a trustworthy online environment that makes customers happier and leads to long-term success.
KEYWORDS
e-commerce, online purchasing, trust, customer loyalty, data privacy
1. INTRODUCTION
For e-commerce platforms to be successful, trust is essential. Unlike traditional storefronts,
online purchasing mostly depends on trust, where buyers may speak with merchants face-to-face
and inspect things. Customers must have faith in the sellers to fulfil their promises, the things
they buy to live up to their expectations, and the security of their personal and financial
information. Since there is no personal interaction, customers feel vulnerable when shopping
online. They can be worried about the quality of the products, dishonest business practices,
privacy and security, delivery dependability, and customer service. These worries make them less
likely to conduct business online, which could cost businesses sales opportunities. For businesses
to succeed in the digital marketplace, it is crucial to recognize and address the elements that
affect trust in e-commerce. By increasing trust, businesses can increase revenue, draw in new
clients, keep existing ones, and cultivate enduring relationships with their target market. Trust is a
crucial factor that impacts online consumer behaviour and e-commerce success. Therefore, it is
imperative to understand the role of trust in e-commerce and explore ways to enhance it.
This study focuses on trust in online business transactions and emphasizes important findings
from a previous literature assessment. Customer trust can be influenced by several factors,
including the design of a website, its usability, the availability of transparent pricing, and the
availability of simple return policies. Building trust requires both the reputation of an
organization and the acceptance of its peers. Trust can also be increased using secure payment
methods, SSL encryption, and transparent privacy rules. Customers are more likely to do
business with vendors they trust, and sustained success depends on satisfied customers who
return and help promote positive word-of-mouth.
Concerns about the abuse or theft of personal information can lead to a lack of trust; nonetheless,
businesses have a responsibility to take safeguards to secure customer information and respect

2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
90
customers' right to privacy. Adopting innovative technology such as blockchain, artificial
intelligence, and virtual reality can boost customer confidence in online transactions, resulting in
an overall enhanced shopping experience.
2. METHODOLOGY
We used the Systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to collect and analyse existing
literature for this research paper. The research was conducted by searching for relevant studies
and articles from academics. This study, which examines the role of trust in e-commerce, intends
to learn more about how trust works in the age of digital commerce and give businesses
suggestions on how to acquire and maintain customers' trust.
2.1. Research Design
To compile and evaluate the body of knowledge already available about trust in e-commerce, this
study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) technique. SLR, a rigorous method that
seeks to locate, evaluate, and synthesize relevant research studies, helps researchers grasp the
topic.
2.2. Search Strategy
For the research, relevant studies and papers were looked up in scholarly databases like Scopus
and Google Scholar. The following keywords are used in the search: "Trust in E-commerce,"
"User Trust in E-Commerce," and "Effect on E-Trust,". Peer-reviewed publications from a
particular time are included in the search. The inclusion criteria for choosing studies consider
things like relevance to the research topic, peer-reviewed status, publication within a certain date,
and accessibility to full-text articles. Studies were not accepted if they didn't fit these
requirements.
2.3. Data Extraction
Using a standardized data extraction form, pertinent data was culled from a few chosen studies.
Authors, the year of publication, aims and methods of the study, major discoveries, and
conclusions were all included in the extracted data.
2.4. Data Analysis
The obtained data were analysed thematically to pinpoint important themes, ideas, and trends
associated with the function of trust in e-commerce. The study combined the results from many
studies and pinpointed overlaps, differences, and research gaps.

3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
91
Table 1. Systematic literature review
Identification Screening Eligibility Included Studies
After scouring
academic databases
(IEEE, ResearchGate,
Google Scholar) with
a set of keywords
relating to “Trust in
E-commerce," "User
Trust in E-
Commerce," "Effect
on E-Trust," a total of
418 articles were
located
After eliminating
duplicates, we reviewed
the titles and abstracts of
254 papers. As a result
of not meeting the
inclusion criteria, 100
items were discarded at
this point.
The entire texts of the
remaining 64 articles
were evaluated for
inclusion. 15 articles
were discarded for
various reasons,
including a lack of
relevance to the research
questions or a lack of
emphasis on Trust in E-
commerce and Effect on
E-Trust.
In the end, 22
papers fulfilled the
criteria for inclusion
in the systematic
literature review.
Relevant
information and
data were extracted
from this research
after careful
analysis.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The studies were looked for in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. using key search terms
like "Trust in E-commerce; User Trust in E-commerce; Effect on E-trust; literature review." Peer-
reviewed.
Trust in e-commerce is a multifaceted idea with many psychological and behavioural elements.
In the world of e-commerce, "trust" means that customers have faith that an online seller or
platform will meet their needs and look out for their best interests. It means trusting the seller's
credibility, skill, honesty, and kindness.
3.1. Building Trust in E-Commerce
For e-commerce platforms to draw and keep customers, they must be seen as trustworthy. Kim et
al. (2016) found that how a website looks, how easy it is to use, and how honest it greatly affects
how customers trust e-commerce platforms. Ha et al. (2017) say that clear return policies, safe
payment gateways, and clear pricing help build trust.
3.2. Reputation and Social Proof
Reputation is one of the most important ways e-commerce builds trust. People often use reviews
and customer scores to determine if they can trust a seller or product. (Cheung et al., 2008;)
found that positive reviews, high ratings, and endorsements from trustworthy sources affect
customers' trust and decisions about what to buy.
3.3. Trust in Online Transactions
Building trust still heavily relies on ensuring the security and privacy of online transactions. To
allay customer concerns, studies have shown the value of secure payment gateways, SSL
encryption, and open privacy policies (Hsieh et al., 2021;). It has been demonstrated that third-
party certifications and seals, including trust marks and badges, favour consumer trust in online
transactions. These accreditations indicate dependability and trustworthiness (Hossain et al.,
2021;). Many different tactics have been suggested to increase confidence in online transactions.
A few of them are providing thorough product information, offering guarantees or warranties,
and putting secure payment mechanisms in place (Vukovi et al., 2021;).

4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
92
3.4. Trust's Effects on Purchase Intentions and Behaviour
Trust directly affects what customers want to buy and how they act when shopping online.
Studies have shown that people are more likely to buy from sellers and sites they trust (Koufaris,
2002). Higher confidence levels are linked to more online shopping, bigger shopping carts, and a
higher conversion rate (Keiningham et al., 2019;). Gefen (2000) says that trust is also a big
reason why customers buy from you again and why you can keep them for a long time.
According to Cyr et al. (2007), consumers' trust in e-commerce platforms is significantly affected
by their perception of the quality of websites they visit, including the visual design, usability, and
information quality. Customers are more likely to place their trust in a company with a website
that is aesthetically pleasing and simple to navigate. Regarding e-commerce, individuals'
intentions to make purchases are influenced favourably by trust. According to Gefen et al. (2000)
findings, trust and the desire to make a purchase is a significant and favourable connection.
Higher levels of trust give customers more confidence in the online retailers they shop with,
increasing their propensity to purchase.
3.5. Consumer Loyalty
Building customer loyalty in e-commerce is about building trust. Trustworthy e-commerce sites
make shopping a pleasant experience, which makes customers happy and keeps them coming
back. Kim et al. (2014) found that loyal customers are more likely to tell others about the
platform, which boosts its image and brings in new customers. Loyal customers make more
repeat purchases, contributing to the long-term income and profitability of e-commerce
enterprises (Liu et al., 2016). Regarding e-commerce, providing excellent customer service is one
of the key factors in retaining customers. According to Srinivasan et al. (2018), providing prompt
and effective customer care, personalized assistance, and excellent complaint resolution all
benefit customer loyalty.
3.6. Reducing Risk Perception
When consumers do business online, there is always an amount of risk perception. Trust reduces
risks by making things less uncertain and giving people more trust in buying decisions (Pavlou,
2003). Trustworthy e-commerce platforms take steps to deal with risk factors, such as giving full
product descriptions, offering warranties, and making it easy to return items. The need to provide
accurate and thorough product information, including in-depth descriptions and photographs, was
emphasized by Choi and Kim (2020). They also emphasized the importance of open return
policies and customer support in lowering perceived risk and fostering trust. According to
McKnight et al. (2002), increasing customer loyalty can be accomplished by establishing trust
using secure payment systems and privacy protection measures.
3.7. Trust in Emerging Technologies
Increased consumer confidence in online transactions may be possible with the help of
blockchain technology. Transparency in supply chains, product identification, and secure
transactions are all possible thanks to their decentralised and immutable nature (Fan et al., 2020).
Blockchain technology might be implemented on e-commerce sites to verify the legitimacy of
products and increase customer confidence in their purchases. AI-driven tools can help fight
fraud and boost confidence in online transactions. Users' actions can be analysed by sophisticated
algorithms to spot fraud or fake goods. Using AI-based solutions to automate fraud detection, e-
commerce platforms can lessen the likelihood of fraudulent transactions and increase users'
confidence in the site. Building trust requires enhancing the validity and veracity of online

5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
93
reviews and ratings. E-commerce platforms can use verification processes to ensure that genuine
customers publish reviews. Chatbots, virtual assistants, and immersive experiences powered by
artificial intelligence are examples of how emerging technologies can make information
transmission more open, accurate, and accessible (Ngai et al., 2021).
3.8. Trust Recovery Strategies
The safety of their private and financial information is a major issue for online shoppers. The
widespread occurrence of data breaches and identity theft has caused users to lose faith in
Internet services. To combat this issue, e-commerce companies should use stringent security
measures, including encryption and two-factor authentication (Chan & Mishra, 2022). When trust
is broken, e-commerce platforms need effective ways to rebuild customer trust. It is essential to
invest in strong cybersecurity measures and ensure that the technological infrastructure is secure
to regain trust. According to Pavlou et al. (2019), addressing customer concerns over data
breaches and privacy can be aided by implementing encryption, using secure payment channels,
and the routine updating of security measures. According to Gommans et al. (2018), providing
consumers with responsive and effective customer service can help minimize the negative
impacts of trust violations and reestablish consumer confidence.
4. RESULT
Based on the literature review conducted above the figure for the role of trust in e-commerce is
constructed.
Figure 1. Role of Trust in E-Commerce

6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
94
5. LIMITATIONS
5.1. Time Dependence
The literature evaluation is based on existing studies that were accessible at the time of the study
cutoff date. Because the e-commerce landscape and technologies are constantly evolving, the
findings may not accurately reflect the status of e-commerce confidence. The review may not
sufficiently reflect new developments and trends in the industry.
5.2. Lack of Primary Research
The research report is purely based on a systematic literature review, with no primary research or
empirical data. While the review contains useful insights from current studies, it may lack direct
observations and viewpoints from e-commerce consumers and businesses.
5.3. Limited Recommendations
While the research paper strives to advise businesses to improve e-commerce trust, the
recommendations may not be thorough or targeted to certain industries or business
circumstances. More research and case studies are required to generate more specific and
practical recommendations for establishing and maintaining confidence in e-commerce.
6. CONCLUSIONS
E-commerce can only thrive with consumers' faith in their purchases. The purpose of this
research was to examine the various facets of trust in online commerce and the effects it has on
shoppers. Key facts and insights have been obtained through a systematic literature study to
provide a holistic picture of trust in e-commerce. The results show that several elements, such as
website layout, safety precautions, product details, customer feedback, and seller reputation, all
play a role in establishing consumer confidence in online shopping. These elements significantly
influence consumers' trust and confidence in online platforms. The appearance of a website, its
ease of use, and the openness of its policies are all factors in establishing credibility in the eyes of
its visitors.
Trust is built in part through a person's reputation and social proof, such as recommendations
from others. Customers often look at the reviews and feedback of others before making a
purchase. Furthermore, guaranteeing the security and privacy of personal and financial
information is intimately tied to fostering confidence in online transactions. Trust can be
established using trusted payment processors, SSL encryption, and open privacy policies. Trust
shapes consumer actions, including consideration, conversion, and advocacy. The more confident
customers are on a website, the more likely they will purchase. To increase client retention and
generate new business, companies must prioritize earning their customers' trust. Businesses can
use various methods and best practices to boost consumers' confidence in online transactions.
Provide safe methods of payment, clear guidelines, and trustworthy service. Incorporating state-
of-the-art technologies like blockchain, AI, and VR can further strengthen credibility and elevate
the standard of service for online buyers. This research sheds light on why trust is so crucial to
the success of online businesses and how different elements affect consumers' willingness to shop
online. Businesses may establish credibility in the digital space, build loyal customer bases, and
thrive overall if they consider these considerations.

7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 15, No 4, August 2023
95
REFERENCES
[1] Gefen, D., & Straub, D.W. (2000). The Relative Importance of Perceived Ease of Use in IS
Adoption: A Study of E-Commerce Adoption. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst., 1, 8.
[2] Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega, 28(6), 725-737.
[3] Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K., &Rabjohn, N. (2008). The impact of electronic word-of-mouth: The
adoption of online opinions in online customer communities. Internet research, 18(3), 229-247.
[4] Ha, S., Stoel, L., & Lee, M. (2017). The effect of website perceptions on purchase intention: The
role of trust, usability, and design aesthetics. Journal of Business Research, 70, 200-210R. Nicole,
“Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[5] Kim, S., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2014). A trust-based consumer decision-making model in
electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision support
systems, 57, 242-253.
[6] Kim, S., Park, H., & Ryu, K. (2016). Role of trust in customer online shopping behaviour: Trust
building measures in the context of electronic commerce. In 2016 49th Hawaii International
Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 507-516). IEEE.
[7] Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online
consumer behaviour. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205-223.
[8] Keiningham, T. L., Cooil, B., Aksoy, L., Andreassen, T. W., & Williams, L. (2019). How e-
commerce changes consumer behaviour. Journal of Business Research, 96, 267-276.
[9] Choi, S. M., & Kim, Y. K. (2020). Factors influencing consumers' trust in e-commerce: A
systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1627.
[10] Liu, Y., Li, H., & Hu, F. (2016). Website attributes in urging online impulse purchase: An empirical
investigation on consumer perceptions. Decision Support Systems, 83, 57-65.
[11] McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., &Kacmar, C. (2002). Developing and validating trust measures
for e-commerce: An integrative typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 334-359.
[12] Fan, K., Wang, S., Ren, Y., Li, J., & Liu, X. (2020). Research on the Application of Blockchain
Technology in E-commerce Trust Enhancement. IEEE Access, 8, 137846-137857.
[13] Hsieh, J. P. A., Wu, Y. H., & Tang, C. H. H. (2021). Understanding the determinants of consumers'
perceived security and satisfaction in mobile commerce. Journal of Business Research, 132, 514-
524.
[14] Chan, J. S., & Mishra, A. (2022). Strengthening Security Measures in E-commerce: A Review of
Encryption and Two-Factor Authentication. Journal of Internet Commerce, 21(1), 47-63.
[15] Hossain, M. M., Sharif, A. M., & Al Mahmud, A. (2021). The impact of trust seals on consumers'
online purchase intention: The mediating role of trust. International Journal of Electronic
Commerce, 25(2), 191-219.
[16] Vuković, V., Ćurčić, N., &Soro, M. (2021). E-commerce websites' attributes and online shopping
intentions: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Computers in Human Behaviour, 119,
106725.
[17] Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with
the technology acceptance model. International journal of electronic commerce, 7(3), 101-134.
[18] Pavlou, P. A., Zhang, C., &Chellappa, R. K. (2019). Privacy calculus in the context of online
services: A customer-centric approach. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 20(7),
938-966.
[19] Cyr, D., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2007). The role of social presence in establishing
loyalty in e-Service environments. Interacting with Computers, 19(1), 43-56
[20] Cyr, D., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2007). The role of social presence in establishing
loyalty in e-Service environments. Interacting with Computers, 19(1), 43-56.
[21] Ngai, E. W., Tao, S. S., & Moon, K. L. (2021). Blockchain-based electronic marketplaces for green
consumers: An empirical analysis of trust, perceived value, and sustainable consumption behaviour.
Journal of Business Research, 124, 140-149.
[22] Gommans, M., Krishnan, K. S., &Scheffold, K. B. (2018). From brand loyalty to e-loyalty: A
conceptual framework. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 3(1), 43-58