4. A lines do not define pathology
A lines may exist in normal lungs, pntx(if there is no sliding), COPD or PE
Make sure probe is perpendicular to lung surface (not skin surface)
5. B- lines
Slide briskly from thin pleura
edge.
Extend to bottom of field.
Three per field = ‘wet field’.
Two wet fields per side
suggests CCF- particularly if
symmetrical
FLASH APO is often apical,
subclinical is laterobasal.
6. Wet PLUS= B lines with thick
wrinkly pleura.
‘c pattern’
7. Sub pleural abnormality =
small collapse
May indicate small PE, mets or
infection.
Slides with respiration. Suggest
refer to German papers for
subgrouping.
8. Hepatisation (wet OR dry)
Hepatisation generally indicates major
collapse/consolidation.
9. And there are other less frequent
findings…..
‘curtain’ & ‘jelly fish’ sign
10. Quiz instruction
Right lung, 4 regions, on first slide
Left lung, 4 regions, on second slide
Choose between subsequent CXR (A or B)
Added extras later on.
36. Xray report.
CHEST (AP/ERECT)
History:
IHT from Esk. SOB. Treated as pneumonia. Bilateral chest xray
changes. Acute deterioration overnight, treated as APO.
Findings:
The heart appears moderately enlarged but the cardiac and
mediastinal outline appears otherwise normal. There is bilateral
alveolar shadowing throughout both lung fields with pulmonary
venous congestion, and appearances are in keeping with acute
pulmonary oedema but may also be due to infection. No pleural
effusions are visible.
Hepatisation is simply an appearance that is ‘liver-like’ on ultrasound, usually caused by consolidation of the lung abutting the pleural surface. Be aware that anterior view appearances may normal whilst still seeing hepatisation in the posterior, lower views.
Note the curtain sign, where the lowest portion of the lung slides across obscuring the diaphragm This shows you the lowest point of the lung, which we call a physiological lung point. It also indicates that this side of the chest is being ventilated (if you are checking endotracheal tube placement)