This document summarizes information about breast cancer from Dr. Hussein Sabit. It discusses how breast cancer develops from errors in cell growth and defines key terms like benign, malignant, invasion, and metastasis. Some key points: - Breast cancer affects over 14 million people worldwide each year and is one of the most common cancers in women. - Risk factors include age, family history, early menstruation, and lifestyle factors like obesity, alcohol consumption and lack of exercise. - Breast cancer can be diagnosed through self-examination, mammography, and biopsy and treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help prevent breast cancer.

1. Hussein Sabit, PhD
Associate Professor of Genetics
Vice Dean for Community Services
College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology.
Hussein Sabit
Understanding Cancer

2. Imagine!
about 100 trillion cells in
your body,
How do they work?

3. Errors are possible!

4. When it comes to errors .. Our
bodies take one of two directions:
ApoptosisCancer

5.  Cancer is .. a group of diseases
involving abnormal cell growth with
the potential to invade or spread to
other parts of the body.
 Not all tumors
are cancerous;
benign tumors
do not spread to
other parts of
the body.

7. terminologies
Cancer

8. Benign: Harmless and limited in scope.
Malignant: A cancer whose scope extends
beyond the initial tumor.
Invasion: Movement of cells from a tumor into
immediately surrounding tissue.
Metastasis: Movement of cancer cells into
tissues beyond the original tumor.

9. Angiogenesis: Growth of new blood vessels.
Oncogene: A gene whose product causes
uncontrolled cell growth.
Tumor-suppressor gene: A gene whose
product suppresses uncontrolled cell growth.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death.

10. Benign tumors generally do
not spread by invasion or
metastasis.
Malignant vs. Benign Tumors
Malignant tumors are capable
of spreading by invasion and
metastasis.

11. Cancer affects both sexes!

12. But some cancer are mostly
common in one sex
Some others affect females only
Such as ..

13. Breast Cancer

14. •14 million cases are diagnosed with BC.
every year worldwide.
•Over 8 million deaths per year.
•One of 8 females is at risk globally.

15. The incidence rate is 48.8/100,000
females

16. But the good news ..
 80% of breast lumps are benign.
 90% of early stage breast cancers are
curable, often with breast conserving
treatments.
 Less than 5% of breast cancer occurs in
women below 40.
 Over 2 million breast cancer survivors
worldwide.

17. Breast Cancer Risk Factors
 Unavoidable
• Age
• Personal history
• Gender
• Family history
• Early maturation
• Long menstrual
cycle
• Race
 Possibly Avoidable
• Alcohol
• Obesity
• Diet
• Lack of Physical
exercise
• Radiation

18.  Non-invasive (in situ)
 Early invasive (local)
 Node involvement (regional)
 Metastatic (systemic)
How Breast Cancer
Progresses
Lobules
Ducts
Nipple
.
Can Be Picked Up
By Mammogram

19. Stages of Breast Cancer

20. Development of the Breast Ductal
Tree

21. Breast Anatomy
 The bulk of the breast tissue is adipose tissue
interspersed with connective tissue.
 Breast ducts comprise only about 10% of the breast
mass.

22. Ducts
 Lobes, Lobules and bulbs,
are linked by a network of
thin tubes (ducts)
 Ducts carry milk from
bulbs toward dark area of
skin in the center of the
breast (areola)
Ductal carcinoma occurs here
Duct
Areola

23. Lymphatic System
 Lymph ducts: Drain fluid
that carries white blood
cells (that fight disease)
from the breast tissues
into lymph nodes under
the armpit and behind
the breastbone
 Lymph nodes: Filter
harmful bacteria and
play a key role in
fighting off infection
Lymph ductLymph node

24. How BC is diagnosed?

25. Self-examination!
When and how?

26. If you are 20, please, examine yourself
once a month
7-10 days from the first day of the period.
Make it the same day every month.

27. When you examine yourself,
look for ..

28. If you
 20-40 .. Go to your physician every 3
years for examination.
 40-49 .. make mammogram every 3
years.
 50+ .. make mammogram every year

29. Mammography
Suitable for examining
females over 40.

30. Breast cancer treatments

31. Chemotherapy

32. Radiotherapy

33. Surgery

34. How to protect yourself?

35. Eat well .. Fat-free food!

36. Physical exercise

37. Stop smoking

38. Control weight

39. Avoid pollution

40. Finally ..

41. Love and be loved because Love is a
major driving force .. Don’t miss its
magic touch!

42. Ethnicity
BCinS.America