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BDI Overview
法律聲明:本文為TMBA學術研討資料,TMBA無須對投資損益負責,投資人應審慎考量各種投資風險。 © All Rights Reserved,圖文請勿侵權
• Mentor : 吳秋賢
• 組員:王新維、黃柏儒、陳湘琦、鄭郁馨、羅佳敏
• Date : 20191005
•
July 29
基本面
ı BDI簡介
ı 乾散貨物供需: 鐵礦砂/煤炭/穀物
波羅的海乾散貨航指數(BDI) 簡介
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團
 3項國際乾散貨船指數所組成的綜合性指數,各指數分別代表不同船型所包含不同路線(共24條航線)
於簽訂運送契約時市場之參考運價(平均日運價),反映國際乾散貨運輸市場的走勢。
 計算方式: BDI=(BCI+BPI+BHI)/3*0.99800799
 作用: 1) 全球經濟的領先指標 2) 與初級商品市場價格正相關 3) 與美元、美股走勢正相關
4
組成指數 噸位 運輸貨物 備註
海岬型指數
BCI
8-16萬噸 焦煤、燃煤、鐵礦砂、磷礦石、
鋁礬土等工業原料
(以鐵礦為主)
貨船大到無法通行巴拿
馬或蘇伊士運河,須繞
過好望角或合恩角
巴拿馬指數
BPI
6-8萬噸 鐵礦、煤礦及穀物等 可通過巴拿馬運河的最
大船型
輕便型指數
BHMI
4-6萬噸 生鐵廢鋼品、穀類、肥料
乾散貨船種類介紹
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 5
Source: Stockfeel
鐵礦砂: 中國鋼鐵限產政策轉嚴,打壓鐵礦砂需求
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團
 今年上半年中國鋼鐵環保限產政策放鬆加上鋼廠高利潤,使生鐵產量增大
 9月起限產政策將轉嚴,且目前鋼廠利潤維持在低利潤區間,生產意願低,將抑制鐵礦砂需求
4
Source: Worldsteel Association
Crude Steel Production
鐵礦砂: 短期將有補庫需求,長期須關注國產礦的替代效果
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 4
Source: Bloomberg & World Bank Commodity Price Data
(萬公噸)
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
9,000
9,500
10,000
10,500
2018/01
2018/02
2018/03
2018/04
2018/05
2018/06
2018/07
2018/08
2018/09
2018/10
2018/11
2018/12
2019/01
2019/02
2019/03
2019/04
2019/05
2019/06
2019/07
2019/08
中國月度鐵礦砂進口量
 今年來,鋼廠採鐵礦砂低庫存運營;7月由於高利潤和礦山發運量的恢復,進口量大幅攀升
 目前國產礦價格已低於進口礦,鋼廠逐漸轉向採購國產礦
 短期內預期旺季將出現補庫需求
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
2018M01
2018M02
2018M03
2018M04
2018M05
2018M06
2018M07
2018M08
2018M09
2018M10
2018M11
2018M12
2019M01
2019M02
2019M03
2019M04
2019M05
2019M06
2019M07
2019M08
2019M09
鐵礦砂價格
Iron ore, cfr spot
煤炭: 8月煤炭市場旺季不旺,回升至「偏冷」區間
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 4
Source: 中國煤炭工業協會
中國煤炭市場景氣指數
 全球煤炭消費集中於亞洲,中國消費佔比高達50%
 房地產開發投資拉動下,8月市場景氣度小幅回升但仍處「偏冷」區間
 工業生產、投資增速均回落,火力發電量亦呈負成長
煤炭: 季節性需求消退,景氣預期將回落
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 4
 9月後季節性需求將消失,固定資產投資降至今年以來低水平,終端需求疲軟
 旺季不旺,庫存水位偏高
 進入淡季,市場預期悲觀,市場景氣指數將回落
Source: 中國煤炭工業協會
中國煤炭市場預期指數
The demand & supply of grain is steadily growing.
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 10
全球糧食價格穩定
 世界糧農組織預估2019年全球穀物的產量為27.06億公噸,較2018年成長2.0%,因此穀物的價格則將因為
產量和庫存充足而面臨下行壓力。
 美中貿易戰以及中國爆發非洲豬瘟影響,全球飼料需求下降影響,黃豆價格仍然受限,漲幅不到2%。
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 11
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
穀物價格
Soybeans Barley Maize
Sorghum Rice, Thai 5% Rice, Thai 25%
Rice, Thai A.1 Rice, Viet Namese 5% Wheat, US SRW
Wheat, US HRW
Source: World Bank Commodity Price Data
國際公約使船隻供給減少
 壓艙水處理系統公約
聯合國旗下國際海事組織(IMO)於2019年9月8日實施,商船強制設置壓艙水處理系統,壓艙水處理系統器
材與安裝費總計輕便型船在35~50萬美元間,巴拿馬型船在50萬美元以上,海岬型船在80到1百萬美元之間。
 限硫令
聯合國旗下國際海事組織(IMO)在2020年1月實施,船隻從3.5%的含硫量降低成限用0.5%的低硫油,或加
裝脫硫器。
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 12
Source:信德海事網
消息面
ı 中美貿易戰
ı 壓艙水處理法規、限硫油
ı 全球/中國經濟成長率
中美貿易戰/保護主義
隨著全球需求疲軟、美中貿易摩擦持續、國際貿易保護主義抬頭,及美國的關稅保護主義,
使今年全球貿易成長將嚴重減緩
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 14
壓艙水處理法規、低硫油
 2020年元月的限硫令,船隻目前使用3.5%高硫油,屆時限用0.5%低硫油,低硫油每噸較高硫油高出200
美元,老舊船隻油耗量高,裝脫硫器又不划算,兩項公約會逼著舊船提早拆解。
 安裝脫硫器需要約45天,會明顯降低船隻周轉率。
 兩項海事公約的影響會自今年下半年顯現,條件不夠的船隻會開始租不出去,估計會讓散裝船運市場船噸
供給減少10%~15%
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 15
全球/中國經濟成長率
 OECD於9/19再度下修今、明兩年全球經濟成長率至2.9%、3.0%
 減少鐵礦砂、煤炭的需求
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 16
Source: OECD
波羅的海乾散貨航指數(BDI)過去一年指數事件圖
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 17
9月初創下9年新高
巴西淡水河谷(鐵礦砂重要產地)
從潰堤銷量銳減中復產
限硫法規(2020)、新壓艙水處理法規(9月上路)
導致散裝船汰換
巴西淡水河谷(鐵礦砂重要產地)
礦坑潰堤停產
需注意美中貿易戰情勢帶來震盪,與法規更新帶來的需求
2月震盪下跌,
2019上半年指數低迷
Source: 財經M平方
未來展望
短期:BDI看跌
鐵礦砂進口減少、煤炭需求減少
→造成船運需求減少
長期:BDI震盪偏強
中美貿易戰
壓艙水、限硫油
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 18
備註
 BDI (Baltic Exchange Dry Index)
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is the successor to the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) and came into operation on 1
November 1999. Since 1 July 2009, the index has been a composite of the Dry Bulk Timecharter Averages.
The following formula is used to calculate the BDI:
((BCIx 0.4) + (BPI x 0.3) + (BSI x 0.3)) x 0.10
TMBA - 台灣最優質的MBA社團 19

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TMBA_波羅的海乾散貨指數(BDI)市場回顧(20191005)