Eight Grade United States History

1. The French and Indian
War-Unit 3
Mrs. Mo
United States History

2. Content Standard: CSCS 8.1.1 Describe the relationship between the
moral and political ideas of the Great Awakening and the
development of revolutionary fervor.
Goal & Objectives:
1. Students will be able to identify and describe the cause and effect
of the French and Indian War.
2. Students will be able to analyze different perspectives of the war
from primary source learning.
3. Students will be able to make inquiries about the war significance
to the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.
Lesson Goal and Objective

3. It is truly a miserable thing that we
no sooner leave fighting our
neighbors, the French, but we
must fall to quarrelling among
ourselves.
Reverend Samuel Johnson, minister in Connecticut, 1763
1. Take a look at this quote, please thinking quirely
inside you head. Why Samuel Johnson say this?
What he mean “we” in this quote?
2. Then, turn to your partner and discuss with each
other about what does the quote explain.
Think & Share

4. ❏ What is known by Americans as the
French and Indian War was part of
the Seven Years' War between
France and Great Britain.
❏ Broadly, the French and Indian War
was caused by competing British
and French interests in North
America; both the colonists and
governments of each nation
sought to expand into the western
frontier.
❏ This lesson will explore in greater
depth the catalysts and context of
the French and Indian War.
Lesson Summary

5. European imperialism:
The French and Indian War was part of a larger conflict in the 1750s, the French, British,
and Spanish all had colonial claims in North America that they all sought to expand. Each
country's imperialism was driven by social, political, and economic factors that made it
necessary for them to acquire more resources.
Desire for Expansion:
The 13 British colonies on the East Coast were bordered by a territory known as New
France.
The border between these areas was contested by each nation. British colonists hoped
to settle increasingly further west, while the British and French governments hoped to
claim more natural resources to support their economies.
Additionally, the border between each existing territory was ill-defined, and there were
some disputed areas, which invited conflict.
Background

7. ● In the middle of the 18th century, France and
England had competing claims for land in North
America.
● The French held trapping and trade routes in the
Ohio Valley.
● The English colonies were encroaching on French
territory are the population grew.
● They also competed over trade issues with the
Native Americans in the disputed region.
Competing European Claims

8. ● The French set up forts along to protect their fur trading interests.
● Some of these forts conflicted with English claims.
● Virginia Governor Dinwiddie dispatched a young George
Washington in 1753 to deliver a protest to the French. This
protest was ignored.
● The British sent a party to construct a fort on the site of modern
Pittsburgh.
What Started the French and Indian War?

9. ● Britain began to compete with France over the fur trade in the
Ohio Valley.
● The force was driven off by the French who, in turn, constructed
Fort Duquesne on the site.
● The next year, Dinwiddie turned to Washington to expel the
French from the site. Washington was quickly overwhelmed by
superior French and Native American numbers.
● Washington had to retreat to the hastily constructed Fort
Necessity, which he had to surrender shortly there after. This
incident was a prelude to the French and Indian War.
The Battle of Fort Necessity

11. Proposed by Benjamin Franklin and Massachusetts governor Thomas
Hutchinson, called for colonial unity in the face of the coming war
with France.
Union called for a Grand Council with representatives from each
colony.
The Grand Council would:
The Albany Plan of Union

12. The British prime minister, William Pitt, concentrated the
government’s military strategy on conquering Canada.
Retaking of Louisbourg in 1758.
Surrender of Quebec to General James Wolfe in 1759.
Taking of Montreal in 1760.
British Victory

13. Signed in 1758,
● The British promised the Six Iroquois
Nations to stop settlements west of the
Alleghenies in exchange for their
neutrality in the war.
● This caused the French to abandon
Fort Duquesne and, by 1760, Detroit
and Montreal, the last two French
strongholds in North America, had
fallen.
French Defeat: Treaty of Easton

14. Signed in 1763, ending the Seven years war.
● Britain gained Canada and all of the French land east of the
Mississippi River.
● Spain gained all of the French land west of the Mississippi River.
● Spain gave up Florida to Britain.
French Defeat: Treaty of Paris

16. End of the War give Great Britain unchallenged supremacy among
Europeans in North America.
1. It challenged the autonomy of many American Indians.
2. It established the British as the dominant naval power in the
world.
3. It meant that the American colonies no longer faced the threat of
concerted attacks from the French, the Spanish, and their
American Indian allies.
Pontiac's Rebellion: rebellion by Pontiac, a Native American leader
who united Indians against the British. Lasted from 1763 to 1766.
Immediate Effects of the War

17. ● Violent incidents such as Pontiac's Rebellion prompted the
English crown to attempt to mandate an end to encroachments
on territory promised to the Indians.
● Settlers were not to establish themselves west of the
“Proclamation Line.”
● The effort was unsuccessful and is viewed by many to be a
leading cause of the Revolutionary War.
● Dividing View of the War:
British
1. American militia poorly trained,
disorderly rabble.
2. Colonists were both unable and
unwilling to defend the new frontiers
of the vastly expanded British
empire.
Colonial
1. They were proud of the colonial
performance
2. They were not impressed with
the British troops or leadership.

18. The divergent views on the war and the changes in British imperial
policies provided the context for conflict between Great Britain and its
North American colonies.
These conflicts would become more intense as the two sides debated
issues of taxation and representation.
What is Next!
Growing British-Colonial Tensions

19. Pretend that you are King George III in 1763.
While you're happy that the war is finally over, you are worried about
how much debt Britain accrued as a result of the war, and you wonder
how feasible it will be to administer control over the huge North
American territories you have just acquired.
Write a passage in your diary expressing your concerns and
anxieties, and also your solutions for paying off the war debt.
Diary Prompt